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Information sharing across medical institutions is restricted to information exchange between specific partners. The lifelong electronic health record (EHR) structure and content require standardization efforts. Existing standards such as openEHR, Health Level 7 (HL7), and ISO/EN 13606 aim to achieve data independence along with semantic interoperability. This study aims to discover knowledge representation to achieve semantic health data exchange. openEHR and ISO/EN 13606 use archetype-based technology for semantic interoperability. The HL7 Clinical Document Architecture is on its way to adopting this through HL7 templates. Archetypes are the basis for knowledge-based systems, as these are means to define clinical knowledge. The paper examines a set of formalisms for the suitability of describing, representing, and reasoning about archetypes. Each of the information exchange technologies—such as XML, Web Ontology Language (OWL), Object Constraint Language (OCL), and Knowledge Interchange Format (KIF)—is evaluated as a part of the knowledge representation experiment. These examine the representation of archetypes as described by Archetype Definition Language (ADL) ... (Full article...)
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