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Already mentioned was the process of results approval and the importance of being able to clearly view those results both within and out of test limits. Of course, this information has to be reported for internal and external purposes. Internally, the laboratory or healthcare entity using the informatics system will want to understand their test volume and associated details. If there's any chance the information can be used internally for medical research insights, [[data mining]] tools may also be a welcome addition to the system.<ref name="WeemaesLab20">{{cite journal |title=Laboratory information system requirements to manage the COVID-19 pandemic: A report from the Belgian national reference testing center |journal=JAMIA |author=Weemaes, M.; Martens, S.; Cuypers, L. et al. |at=ocaa081 |year=2020 |doi=10.1093/jamia/ocaa081 |pmid=32348469 |pmc=PMC7197526}}</ref> Additionally, a laboratory results report for SARS-CoV-2 infection will also have to be distributed to the local or state health department along with a case report. Externally, ordering physicians and other external customers—including patients—will require clear and timely results in the form of a report. How does the laboratory informatics solution help with these and other reporting requirements? Can it assist with any external electronic reporting requirements (such as those with the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services) you may have?
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The system's reporting tools should be configurable to the lab's needs. The reporting itself should provide fields for the addition of comments and consultation notes from the lab and the physician, as the stakeholders need to give clinical and diagnostic guidance based on not only the results but also critical comments. In some cases, a lab or healthcare system may require the addition of comments at different stages of reporting. Perhaps an initial results report is created by the lab and sent to the provider via the provider portal, but a pathologist needs to review the report and add additional commentary concerning future treatment or concerns about the test results. This requires the system be flexible enough to allow additional steps before a report is finalized. Whether or not the system is capable of automating the reporting process may also be worthy of consideration.<ref name="WeemaesLab20" />
==''Introduction to Quality and Quality Management Systems''==
{{ombox
| type      = content
| style    = width: 500px;
| text      = This book should not be considered complete until this message box has been removed. This is a work in progress.
}}
The goal of this short volume is to act as an introduction to the quality management system. It collects several articles related to quality, quality management, and associated systems.


Finally, some solutions may include a disease- or test-specific dashboard that can show all samples related to a test, any positives, any negatives, pending results, tests per day, etc. Having this information available in one location can help facilitate reporting to government entities (e.g., reporting statistics to FEMA during emergencies<ref name="FEMACorona20">{{cite web |url=https://www.fema.gov/press-release/20210318/coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic-hhs-letter-hospital-administrators |title=Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic: HHS Letter to Hospital Administrators |author=Azar, A.M. |publisher=FEMA |date=10 April 2020 |accessdate=13 September 2021}}</ref> While not strictly necessary, ensure the solution can fulfill your needs with displaying real-time and near-time information to better support rapid decision making.
;1. What is quality?
:''Key terms''
:[[Quality (business)|Quality]]
:[[Quality assurance]]
:[[Quality control]]
:''The rest''
:[[Data quality]]
:[[Information quality]]
:[[Nonconformity (quality)|Nonconformity]]
:[[Service quality]]
;2. Processes and improvement
:[[Business process]]
:[[Process capability]]
:[[Risk management]]
:[[Workflow]]
;3. Mechanisms for quality
:[[Acceptance testing]]
:[[Conformance testing]]
:[[Clinical quality management system]]
:[[Continual improvement process]]
:[[Corrective and preventive action]]
:[[Good manufacturing practice]]
:[[Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Improvement Act of 1987]]
:[[Quality management]]
:[[Quality management system]]
:[[Total quality management]]
;4. Quality standards
:[[ISO 9000]]
:[[ISO 13485]]
:[[ISO 14000|ISO 14001]]
:[[ISO 15189]]
:[[ISO/IEC 17025]]
:[[ISO/TS 16949]]
;5. Quality in software
:[[Software quality]]
:[[Software quality assurance]]
:[[Software quality management]]


==References==
<!--Place all category tags here-->
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

Latest revision as of 19:46, 9 February 2022

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Introduction to Quality and Quality Management Systems

This book should not be considered complete until this message box has been removed. This is a work in progress.

The goal of this short volume is to act as an introduction to the quality management system. It collects several articles related to quality, quality management, and associated systems.

1. What is quality?
Key terms
Quality
Quality assurance
Quality control
The rest
Data quality
Information quality
Nonconformity
Service quality
2. Processes and improvement
Business process
Process capability
Risk management
Workflow
3. Mechanisms for quality
Acceptance testing
Conformance testing
Clinical quality management system
Continual improvement process
Corrective and preventive action
Good manufacturing practice
Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Improvement Act of 1987
Quality management
Quality management system
Total quality management
4. Quality standards
ISO 9000
ISO 13485
ISO 14001
ISO 15189
ISO/IEC 17025
ISO/TS 16949
5. Quality in software
Software quality
Software quality assurance
Software quality management


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