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| ==Sandbox begins below== | | ==Sandbox begins below== |
| <div class="nonumtoc">__TOC__</div> | | <div class="nonumtoc">__TOC__</div> |
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| '''Title''': ''What potential does a LIMS have in improving the safety and satisfaction of food and beverage consumers?''
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| '''Author for citation''': Shawn E. Douglas
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| '''License for content''': [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International]
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| '''Publication date''': February 2024
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| ==Introduction==
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| ==Blah blah==
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| We all need clean water and nutritious, safe food. From farm to table, today we've come to expect that growers, harvesters, manufacturers, and distributors will engage in practices that encourage the safety and satisfaction of the foods and beverages we consume. This was not always the case, as it wasn't until the mid- to late 1800s that recognition of bacterial and other forms of contamination occurred in foodstuffs, beverages, and ingredients.<ref name="RobertsTheFood01">{{Cite book |last=Roberts |first=Cynthia A. |date=2001 |title=The food safety information handbook |pages=25-28 |publisher=Oryx Press |place=Westport, CT |isbn=978-1-57356-305-5}}</ref> With growing acknowledgement of the detrimental health effects of dangerous contamination of and adulteration with toxic substances, additional progress was made in the realm of regulating and testing produced food and beverages—as well as monitoring public health outcomes—by the 1940s.<ref name="HardyFood99">{{Cite journal |last=Hardy |first=A. |date=1999-08-01 |title=Food, Hygiene, and the Laboratory. A Short History of Food Poisoning in Britain, circa 1850-1950 |url=https://academic.oup.com/shm/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/shm/12.2.293 |journal=Social History of Medicine |language=en |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=293–311 |doi=10.1093/shm/12.2.293 |issn=0951-631X}}</ref> Today, greater need for monitoring public health outcomes of foodborne illness, paired with stricter regulations and enforcement on participants of the food and beverage supply chain, has necessitated a more robust approach to handle and make sense of increasing amounts of and increasingly complex data and information.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Marvin |first=Hans J. P. |last2=Janssen |first2=Esmée M. |last3=Bouzembrak |first3=Yamine |last4=Hendriksen |first4=Peter J. M. |last5=Staats |first5=Martijn |date=2017-07-24 |title=Big data in food safety: An overview |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10408398.2016.1257481 |journal=Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition |language=en |volume=57 |issue=11 |pages=2286–2295 |doi=10.1080/10408398.2016.1257481 |issn=1040-8398}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jin |first=Cangyu |last2=Bouzembrak |first2=Yamine |last3=Zhou |first3=Jiehong |last4=Liang |first4=Qiao |last5=van den Bulk |first5=Leonieke M. |last6=Gavai |first6=Anand |last7=Liu |first7=Ningjing |last8=van den Heuvel |first8=Lukas J. |last9=Hoenderdaal |first9=Wouter |last10=Marvin |first10=Hans J.P. |date=2020-12 |title=Big Data in food safety- A review |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2214799320301260 |journal=Current Opinion in Food Science |language=en |volume=36 |pages=24–32 |doi=10.1016/j.cofs.2020.11.006}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Pierquet, J.; Lozinak, K.; Fruechting, P. |date=12 October 2022 |title=TechTalk Podcast Episode 4: Data Exchange in the New Era of Smarter Food Safety |work=New Era of Smarter Food Safety TechTalk Podcast |url=https://www.fda.gov/food/new-era-smarter-food-safety-techtalk-podcast/techtalk-podcast-episode-4-data-exchange-new-era-smarter-food-safety |publisher=U.S. Food and Drug Administration |accessdate=14 February 2024}}</ref> Traditionally handled manually, these paper-based approaches have given way to smoother, more inline digital approaches to maintaining the safety and satisfaction of consumer-driven demand for quality foods and beverages.
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| A wide variety of data and information can be found in the food and beverage business, just like any other business, from financial records to departmental policies and procedures. But when it comes to food and beverage safety and satisfaction (i.e., quality), we're largely talking about data and information related to verification and end-point analyses (e.g., ingredient testing for purity, environmental monitoring on the manufacturing floor, quality control before packaging) conducted by in-house or third-party laboratories. Here, one of the more likely [[information management]] solutions to be found is the [[laboratory information management system]] (LIMS). But what potential does such software have towards the goal of providing safer, higher-quality poducts for consumers?
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| Food safety and quality are driven not only by a business' own internal goals but also by the accrediting and regulatory bodies imposing a set of operational best practices and data management requirements on the business. As such, mindful LIMS implementation has the potential to improve laboratory workflows and workloads while enhancing food and beverage safety, quality, and compliance in a number of ways. A fragmented mix of paper-based and electronic information sources can be a detriment to the traceability of or rapid accessibility to ingredients, additives, quality control samples, standard operating procedures (SOPs), environmental monitoring data, chain of custody data, and other vital aspects of food and beverage production. A well-implemented LIMS can reduce the silos of information and data, while at the same time make that information and data more secure and readily accessible. Given the regulatory demands for providing rapid proof of traceable product movement and relevant quality control data, the LIMS acts as the central integrator and audit trail for that information.<ref name="SmithInteg19">{{cite web |url=https://foodsafetytech.com/feature_article/integrated-informatics-optimizing-food-quality-and-safety-by-building-regulatory-compliance-into-the-supply-chain/ |title=Integrated Informatics: Optimizing Food Quality and Safety by Building Regulatory Compliance into the Supply Chain |author=Smith, K. |work=Food Safety Tech |date=02 July 2019 |accessdate=14 February 2024}}</ref><ref name="McDermottHowDig18">{{cite web |url=https://foodsafetytech.com/column/how-digital-solutions-support-supply-chain-transparency-and-traceability/ |title=How Digital Solutions Support Supply Chain Transparency and Traceability |author=McDermott, P. |work=Food Safety Tech |date=31 July 2018 |accessdate=14 February 2024}}</ref><ref name="EvansTheDig19">{{cite web |url=https://foodsafetytech.com/feature_article/the-digital-transformation-of-global-food-security/ |title=The Digital Transformation of Global Food Security |author=Evans, K. |work=Food Safety Tech |date=15 November 2019 |accessdate=14 February 2024}}</ref> Because the LIMS improves traceability—including through its automated interfaces with instruments and other data systems—real-time monitoring of supply chain issues, quality control data, instrument use, and more is further enabled, particularly when paired with configurable dashboards and alert mechanisms. By extension, food and beverage producers can more rapidly act on insights gained from those real-time dashboards.<ref name="SmithInteg19" /> This is also means that the food and beverage testing lab can react more rapidly to issues that compromise compliance with certification to the [[ISO 17025]] standard or Food and Drug Administration (FDA) [[LII:FDA Food Safety Modernization Act Final Rule on Laboratory Accreditation for Analyses of Foods: Considerations for Labs and Informatics Vendors|Food Safety Modernization Act]] (FSMA) requirements.<ref name="ApteIsYour20">{{cite web |url=https://foodsafetytech.com/column/is-your-food-testing-lab-prepping-for-an-iso-iec-17025-audit/ |title=Is Your Food Testing Lab Prepping for an ISO/IEC 17025 Audit? |author=Apte, A. |work=Food Safety Tech |date=20 October 2020 |accessdate=14 February 2024}}</ref><ref name="PaszkoTrace15">{{cite web |url=https://foodsafetytech.com/feature_article/traceability-leveraging-automation-to-satisfy-fsma-requirements/ |title=Traceability: Leveraging Automation to Satisfy FSMA Requirements |author=Paszko, C. |work=Food Safety Tech |date=19 August 2015 |accessdate=14 February 2024}}</ref><ref name="PaszkoHow15">{{cite web |url=https://foodsafetytech.com/feature_article/how-lims-facilitates-iso-17025-certification-in-food-testing-labs/ |title=How LIMS Facilitates ISO 17025 Certification in Food Testing Labs |author=Paszko, C. |work=Food Safety Tech |date=26 October 2015 |accessdate=14 February 2024}}</ref><ref name="DanielsUsing17">{{cite web |url=https://foodsafetytech.com/column/using-lims-get-shape-fdas-visit/ |title=Using LIMS to Get In Shape for FDA’s Visit |author=Daniels, T. |work=Food Safety Tech |date=22 March 2017 |accessdate=14 February 2024}}</ref> Finally, many modern LIMS tailored to the food and beverage industry come pre-configured out of the box with analytical and quality control workflow support tools that can be further optimized to a lab's unique workflow.<ref name="IngallsHowAdv20">{{cite web |url=https://foodsafetytech.com/feature_article/how-advanced-lims-brings-control-consistency-and-compliance-to-food-safety/ |title=How Advanced LIMS Brings Control, Consistency and Compliance to Food Safety |author=Ingalls, E. |work=Food Safety Tech |date=06 August 2020 |accessdate=14 February 2024}}</ref>
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| So far, this has largely addressed what a LIMS can do for food and beverage laboratories and their efforts towards accurate, timely analytical results of verification and end-point testing. But how do these LIMS benefits translate into potential improvements in food and beverage safety and satisfaction for the end consumer? First, traceability—mentioned above in the context of fragmented data and information, as well as regulatory pressure—is huge for the industry. Prajapati of Anand Agricultural University addresses the importance of traceability for most everyone involved with foods and beverages<ref name="PrajapatiTrace16">{{cite journal |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Virendra-Tanwar/publication/358551801_Eco-friendly_Management_of_Aspergillus_Rot_of_Pomegranate/links/627b43a83a23744a7275bcd3/Eco-friendly-Management-of-Aspergillus-Rot-of-Pomegranate.pdf#page=48 |title=Traceability in Food Process Industry: A review |author=Prajapati, M.C. |journal=Advances in Life Sciences |volume=5 |issue=7 |pages=2522–5 |year=2016 |accessdate=16 February 2024}}</ref>:
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| <blockquote>From a consumer perspective, traceability helps to build trust, peace of mind, and increase confidence in the food system. For the growers, traceability is part of an overall cost-effective quality management system that can also assist in continuous improvement and minimization of the impact of safety hazards. It also facilitates in the rapid and effective recall of products, and the determination and settlement of liabilities. The link between traceability & quality and safety consumer perceptions show an increasing concern about food safety and properties of the food they buy and eat. The information available from labelling conventions does not always translate into more confidence. It has been recognized that there is an increasing need for transparent information on the quality of the entire food chain, supported by modern tracking and tracing methods.</blockquote>
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| In this case, a LIMS' ability to aggregate data and information, track supply chain and onsite ingredient and product changes throughout the process workflow, and integrate analytical instruments means a more timely and proactive approach to safety and quality within the business, which translates to safer, higher-quality foods and beverages for consumers. The business can more nimbly identify and act upon issues that compromise compliance to internal and external quality, regulatory, and accreditation requirements. The LIMS that provides quality- and industry-specific tools—such as supporting stability studies, recipe management, Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) plans, randomized and regular interval environmental testing schemes, and robust alerting to non-conformances<ref name="DouglasKeyLIMSFood22">{{cite web |url=https://www.limswiki.org/index.php/LIMS_FAQ:What_are_the_key_elements_of_a_LIMS_for_food_and_beverage_testing%3F |title=LIMS FAQ:What are the key elements of a LIMS for food and beverage testing? |author=Douglas, S.E. |work=LIMSwiki.org |date=September 2022 |accessdate=16 February 2024}}</ref>—arguably makes the food and beverage business better positioned to identify and correct deficiencies all along the supply and process chain.
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| However, a LIMS can't directly improve all aspects of safety and satisfaction. Take for example the recent death of dancer Órla Baxendale while visiting the U.S. She had consumed cookies that were mislabeled, not indicating that peanuts had been added to the recipe. In that case it appears improper communication of supplier changes occurred (i.e., human error), and labelling was not properly updated as a result.<ref name="BrownBritish24">{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2024/jan/26/british-dancer-dies-in-us-after-eating-mislabelled-biscuit-containing-peanuts |title=British dancer dies in US after eating mislabelled biscuit containing peanuts |author=Brown, M. |work=The Guardian |date=26 January 2024 |accessdate=16 February 2024}}</ref> Even here, however, some level of traceability (possibly improved through electronic systems like a LIMS) still allowed the mislabeled cookies to quickly be identified, tracked down, and recalled, as Prajapati puts it, in turn improving "the determination and settlement of liabilities."<ref name="PrajapatiTrace16" />
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| ==Conclusion==
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| ==References==
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| {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
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