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[[File:LabMachines.jpg|right|400px]]Laboratories acquire data management software for many reasons, including improving accuracy, saving time, increasing productivity, and adding capabilities. One way of doing all of those activities is to integrate or interface your systems, databases, and instruments so that human error is greatly reduced or eliminated, workflows are automated and sped up, and each component's capabilities are brought into play in the most efficient and effective ways possible. As such, you'll want to inquire with the vendor about its solution's hardware and software integration capabilities. Is it designed to interface with every laboratory instrument or software that can output any readable electronic file? Or are integrations limited to certain instruments and systems? How does it connect, i.e., what protocols does the software depend on to connect with other systems? Does the system allow a user to map their own file imports and exports? Can system processes be set to detect new instances of file outputs at regular intervals? Ask these and other questions to make sure the vendor clearly describes what internal and external integrations are supported with their application.
===2.3 MSW, updates, and other contracted services===
The maintenance, support, and warranty (MSW) offered with the vendor's solution is almost as important as the solution itself. The laboratory informatics solution you acquire is more than than the software you operate: it's mission-critical and deserves having a reliable and responsive team with the necessary resources to ensure it remains operational. Downtime can negatively affect both immediate customer satisfaction and your reputation. As such, it's imperative you ask the vendor about the details of its MSW, making sure you understand what is and isn't covered, as well as how much it will cost. Cost-wise, industry norms are anywhere from 15% to 25% of either the license fee or total contract, levied annually to provide this coverage.<ref name="ScavoHigh05">{{cite web |url=https://www.computereconomics.com/article.cfm?id=1033 |title=High Software Maintenance Fees and What to Do About Them |author=Scavo, F. |work=Computer Economics |date=08 February 2005 |accessdate=18 November 2021}}</ref> Alternatively, it may simply be included with your subscription. The MSW will include a specified number of support and maintenance hours or guarantees. The actual warranty should be unlimited for as long as the MSW or subscription is kept current.


In many cases, a vendor's solution will have integration capability built into the software, but occasionally such interfaces are separate from the main software. Today's interfaces are generally built on standardized communication tools, including messaging formats like [[Health Level 7]] (HL7).<ref name="Sinard06">{{cite book |url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/0-387-28058-8 |title=Practical pathology informatics: Demystifying informatics for the practicing anatomic pathologist |author=Sinard, J. |publisher=Springer Science+Business Media |year=2006 |isbn=9780387280585}}</ref><ref name="MLOStaffInterfacing12">{{cite web |url=https://www.mlo-online.com/home/article/13004490/interfacing-the-lis |title=Interfacing the LIS |author=MLO Staff |work=Medical Laboratory Observer |publisher=Endeavor Business Media, LLC |date=01 August 2012 |accessdate=18 November 2021}}</ref> The HL7 messaging standards are particularly important to laboratory data management because they define how information is packaged and communicated from one party to another. Such standards set the language, structure, and data types required for seamless integration of various systems and instruments.<ref name="KimCreating05">{{cite web |url=http://www.kathykim.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderfiles/ClinicalDataStandardsInHealthCare.pdf |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170114055221/http://www.kathykim.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderfiles/ClinicalDataStandardsInHealthCare.pdf |format=PDF |title=Creating Clinical Data Standards in Health Care: Five Case Studies |author=Kim, Katherine |publisher=California HealthCare Foundation |date=July 2005 |archivedate=14 January 2017 |accessdate=10 January 2020}}</ref> Health Level 7 describes the types of information communicated between such systems in the clinical environment as including "process control and status information for each device or analyzer, [as well as] each specimen, specimen container, and container carrier; information and detailed data related to patients, orders, and results; and information related to specimen flow algorithms and automated decision making."<ref name="HL711">{{cite web |url=http://www.hl7.org/implement/standards/product_brief.cfm?product_id=203 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711070938/http://www.hl7.org/implement/standards/product_brief.cfm?product_id=203 |title=HL7 version 2.7 standard: Chapter 13 - Clinical laboratory automation |author=Health Level Seven International |date=2011 |archivedate=11 July 2017 |accessdate=18 November 2021}}</ref>
Maintenance includes any and all work necessary to keep your system working as designed. It should include updates, patches, or fixes, and most if not all upgrades. (Note, however, a major upgrade to a totally new edition may not be covered, but it may come at a negotiable, significantly lower cost.<ref name="Gordon-ByrneMaint14">{{cite web |url=http://www.ittoday.info/ITPerformanceImprovement/Articles/2014-08GordonByrne2.html |title=Maintenance in the Digital World |author=Gordon-Byrne, G. |work=IT Performance Improvement |publisher=Taylor & Francis, LLC |date=2014 |accessdate=18 November 2021}}</ref>) The support aspect of MSW generally consists of a specified number of hours dedicated more to helping you with the operation of the system rather than "fixing" anything. Support includes guidance on training, password or login support, and more. Finally, with any professional application you also expect to have a warranty. The warranty should cover anything that doesn't work that otherwise should for the designated period of time.<ref name="Gordon-ByrneMaint14" /> That includes any standard features and functions, as well as any additional ones that were delivered and signed off on, and any other work performed by the vendor or its representatives. However, a typical warranty does not cover anything that was working fine, but upon being manipulated in a way beyond normal operation the functionality ceased. In these cases, you'll probably have to pay to get it fixed.


You may also want your laboratory informatics solution to be able to communicate with other software and databases. This is often done using [[application programming interface]]s (APIs) that depend on web services implementation protocols such as REST and SOAP.<ref name="MonusSOAP19">{{cite web |url=https://raygun.com/blog/soap-vs-rest-vs-json/ |title=SOAP vs REST vs JSON comparison [2019] |author=Monus, A. |work=Raygun |date=05 March 2021 |accessdate=18 November 2021}}</ref><ref name="LVAQuick18">{{cite web |url=https://www.labvantage.com/a-quick-guide-to-lims-web-services/ |title=A Quick Guide to LIMS Web Services |author=LabVantage Solutions |publisher=LabVantage Solutions, Inc |date=07 January 2018 |accessdate=18 November 2021}}</ref><ref name="GrandOneTool19">{{cite journal |title=One tool to find them all: A case of data integration and querying in a distributed LIMS platform |journal=Database |author=Grand, A.; Geda, E.; Mignone, A. et al. |volume=2019 |page=baz004 |year=2019 |doi=10.1093/database/baz004}}</ref> These messaging protocols actually allow for the creation of an API that receives communication requests and sends responses between two software systems. A more practical example is wanting your laboratory informatics solution to communicate with an [[enterprise resource planning]] (ERP) application. Perhaps the ERP system needs to create sample batches within the informatics solution, and when testing is done, have the results returned to the ERP. APIs and communication protocols make this happen.<ref name="LVAQuick18" />
Beyond the MSW, additional updates and services related to the system may also be required. No matter how well it is pre-configured, any professional laboratory informatics solution will require some amount of standard setup to reflect your particular lab. This includes adding lab branding and demographics for reports and certificates; entering users, their roles, and access permissions; adding and/or modifying tests and workflows; renaming fields; adding or hiding fields; setting up a web portal; and implementing interfaces. Equally indispensable is proper training for both users and administrators. And of course you may later find that you would like additional features or functions. These and other services may prove particularly useful to the laboratory with little in the way of IT and systems expertise. As such, the vendor may provide one or more of the following as a billable service for the laboratory:
 
*initial implementation meeting (e.g., initial planning, identify delta, set schedule)
*project management
*requirements gathering and documentation
*initial setup
*user and administrator training
*configuration and customization
*interface development and implementation
*custom screen and field development
*custom functionality development
*custom reports and labels
*custom triggers and alerts
*validation or acceptance testing (to a third-party standard or certification, or to agreed manufacturer specs)


==References==  
==References==  
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
{{Reflist}}

Revision as of 00:07, 22 January 2022

2.3 MSW, updates, and other contracted services

The maintenance, support, and warranty (MSW) offered with the vendor's solution is almost as important as the solution itself. The laboratory informatics solution you acquire is more than than the software you operate: it's mission-critical and deserves having a reliable and responsive team with the necessary resources to ensure it remains operational. Downtime can negatively affect both immediate customer satisfaction and your reputation. As such, it's imperative you ask the vendor about the details of its MSW, making sure you understand what is and isn't covered, as well as how much it will cost. Cost-wise, industry norms are anywhere from 15% to 25% of either the license fee or total contract, levied annually to provide this coverage.[1] Alternatively, it may simply be included with your subscription. The MSW will include a specified number of support and maintenance hours or guarantees. The actual warranty should be unlimited for as long as the MSW or subscription is kept current.

Maintenance includes any and all work necessary to keep your system working as designed. It should include updates, patches, or fixes, and most if not all upgrades. (Note, however, a major upgrade to a totally new edition may not be covered, but it may come at a negotiable, significantly lower cost.[2]) The support aspect of MSW generally consists of a specified number of hours dedicated more to helping you with the operation of the system rather than "fixing" anything. Support includes guidance on training, password or login support, and more. Finally, with any professional application you also expect to have a warranty. The warranty should cover anything that doesn't work that otherwise should for the designated period of time.[2] That includes any standard features and functions, as well as any additional ones that were delivered and signed off on, and any other work performed by the vendor or its representatives. However, a typical warranty does not cover anything that was working fine, but upon being manipulated in a way beyond normal operation the functionality ceased. In these cases, you'll probably have to pay to get it fixed.

Beyond the MSW, additional updates and services related to the system may also be required. No matter how well it is pre-configured, any professional laboratory informatics solution will require some amount of standard setup to reflect your particular lab. This includes adding lab branding and demographics for reports and certificates; entering users, their roles, and access permissions; adding and/or modifying tests and workflows; renaming fields; adding or hiding fields; setting up a web portal; and implementing interfaces. Equally indispensable is proper training for both users and administrators. And of course you may later find that you would like additional features or functions. These and other services may prove particularly useful to the laboratory with little in the way of IT and systems expertise. As such, the vendor may provide one or more of the following as a billable service for the laboratory:

  • initial implementation meeting (e.g., initial planning, identify delta, set schedule)
  • project management
  • requirements gathering and documentation
  • initial setup
  • user and administrator training
  • configuration and customization
  • interface development and implementation
  • custom screen and field development
  • custom functionality development
  • custom reports and labels
  • custom triggers and alerts
  • validation or acceptance testing (to a third-party standard or certification, or to agreed manufacturer specs)

References

  1. Scavo, F. (8 February 2005). "High Software Maintenance Fees and What to Do About Them". Computer Economics. https://www.computereconomics.com/article.cfm?id=1033. Retrieved 18 November 2021. 
  2. 2.0 2.1 Gordon-Byrne, G. (2014). "Maintenance in the Digital World". IT Performance Improvement. Taylor & Francis, LLC. http://www.ittoday.info/ITPerformanceImprovement/Articles/2014-08GordonByrne2.html. Retrieved 18 November 2021.