User:Shawndouglas/sandbox/sublevel7

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A

Absorption: As a broad term, "absorption" is the process of one thing to take in another thing, be it in a gradual, natural way or in a more rapid, contrived way.[1] As a laboratory test, this may vary based upon what is being analyzed. Examples include the D-xylose absorption test which determines how well a simple sugar is absorbed by the intestines[2], water absorption tests for soil and rock[3], and a 24-hour water absorption test for polymers and plastics.[4]

Industry lab(s) this test is typical to: agriculture and forestry, calibration and standards, chemical, clinical care, clinical and academic research, cosmetic, environmental, food and beverage, geology and mining, life sciences and biotechnology, logistics, manufacturing and R&D, pharmaceutical

Accelerated stress test: Intertek defines this test as a process that "simulates 'real-life' conditions to provide necessary evaluation data that helps ensure a product’s life and reliability."[5] This sort of testing is useful for the development and improvement of energy storage systems[6], electronic parts, and other materials. An even more intensive version of this test is the highly accelerated stress test (HAST).[7][8]

Industry lab(s) this test is typical to: automotive and aerospace, energy, logistics, manufacturing and R&D, power and utility

Acceleration: The process of moving faster or increasing in rate of occurrence, though from a physics standpoint, it's a measure of velocity change over a period of time (a = Δv / Δt).[9] In the world of laboratory testing, an acceleration test may refer to either a pure measurement of acceleration of a moving object, or it may refer to how objects react to acceleration forces, often over extended periods of time.[10][11] Of course, calibration labs may test a device like an accelerometer to ensure it's measuring acceleration accurately.[12]

Industry lab(s) this test is typical to: automotive and aerospace, calibration and standards, manufacturing and R&D

Acid and base number: Acid number (AN) and base number (BN) are measurements of acidity and basicity of nonaqueous solutions.[13][14] The acid number and base number tests are utilized most frequently in the petrochemical industry. This test differs from the pH test in that it measures the "concentration of acidic and alkaline constituents" rather than corrosive strength.[13]

Industry lab(s) this test is typical to: chemical, petrochemical

Acoustic startle: This reflex test is a measure of sensorimotor performance in animals and humans, often for research purposes. The measurement of muscle contractions and/or higher level brain signals upon engagement of the test can provide valuable data in assessing developmental or human anxiety disorders.[15][16]

Industry lab(s) this test is typical to: clinical and academic research

Acoustical: Acoustical testing is a broad range of testing that gauges various aspects of how materials transmit, reflect, absorb, and reduce acoustic phenomena.[17][18]

Industry lab(s) this test is typical to: automotive and aerospace, calibration and standards, manufacturing and R&D, power and utility

Active ingredient: An active ingredient is the substance(s) in a pharmaceutical or nutraceutical that provides beneficial or adverse effects to an organism. In the laboratory world, quality assurance policies, legal regulations, and safety requirements demand active ingredients be tested for potency, efficacy, and proper formulation.[19] Aside from pharmaceuticals, active ingredient testing may also extend to areas such as disinfectants and sanitizers.[20]

Industry lab(s) this test is typical to: food and beverage, pharmaceutical

Acute contact: Acute contact — or sometimes "acute contact toxicity" — testing involves the application of a test substance to an organism (typically on the body surface) and thereafter the observance of any adverse effects that occur over a set period of time. In the agricultural and environmental sciences, much attention has been given to acute contact testing in bee colonies[21][22], whereas clinical and chemistry contexts focus on areas such as human dermatological reactions.[23]

Industry lab(s) this test is typical to: agriculture and forestry, chemistry, clinical and academic research, environmental, manufacturing and R&D, pharmaceutical, veterinary

Acute oral: Acute oral — or sometimes "acute oral toxicity" — testing is similar to acute contact, with the difference being the test substance is ingested by or injected into the organism.[24][25]

Industry lab(s) this test is typical to: agriculture and forestry, chemistry, clinical and academic research, environmental, manufacturing and R&D, pharmaceutical, veterinary

Acute toxicity: See "acute contact" and "acute oral"

Industry lab(s) this test is typical to: agriculture and forestry, chemistry, clinical and academic research, environmental, manufacturing and R&D, nanotechnology, pharmaceutical, veterinary

Adhesion: Adhesion is the state or ability of an object to stay fastened or attached to another, or on a molecular level the attraction exerted between contacting body surfaces.[1] A broad sub-series of tests may be involved when testing the adhesive qualities of a substance, including tear resistance, elongation, and viscosity. An R&D lab for example test a pressure-sensitive tape for shear and peel adhesion.[26] Adhesion can also be studied at the molecular level, including among biological cells, important to understanding pathological processes such as cancerous growth and inflammation.[27][28]

Industry lab(s) this test is typical to: automotive and aerospace, chemical, clinical and academic research, life science and biotechnology, manufacturing and R&D

Age determination: Scientists, researchers, and forensic investigators have various reasons for needing to determine the age of organisms, remains, and manufactured items. Archeologists and other historical researchers turn to radiocarbon dating and thermoluminescence testing to determine the age of remains and supposed antiquities.[29] Forensic investigators turn to chromatographic and infrared methods for ink dating and may even turn to DNA analysis techniques to determine the age of an individual associated with a blood or bone sample.[30][31][32]

Industry lab(s) this test is typical to: clinical and academic research, geology and mining, law enforcement and forensics, life science and biotechnology

Aging: From a manufacturing perspective, aging tests — sometimes referred to as accelerated aging or in specific cases shelf life tests — allow researchers and QA personnel to see how an item physically and/or chemically degrades under certain conditions (varying pressures, temperatures, humidity levels, etc.) over time. Practical laboratory examples include testing packaging for sterilized medical devices[33] and solar generation platforms going into space.[34] Tangentially related are tests associated with aging research, including cognitive and anti-aging blood tests.

Industry lab(s) this test is typical to: automotive and aerospace, energy, life science and biotechnology, manufacturing and R&D, power and utility

Alcohol level: This test is used to determine the existence of alcohol (ethanol) in and/or alcohol concentration of a product (food, drink, pharmaceutical, etc.) or biological specimen (urine, blood, sweat, etc.).[35][36][37]

Industry lab(s) this test is typical to: clinical care, food and beverage, manufacturing and R&D, pharmaceutical

Allergy: Organisms can have allergic reactions (conditions caused by immune system hypersensitivity) to a wide variety of products, and thus both an organism and a product may receive some sort of allergy testing. On the clinical side, testing advances such as Phadia's ImmunoCAP blood test allows medical providers to test a patient for just about any causative allergen.[38] In other industries, testing for the presence of gluten, soybean, egg, fish, peanut as well as some chemicals, preservatives, etc. in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals is commonplace.[39][40]

Industry lab(s) this test is typical to: agriculture and forestry, clinical care, cosmetic, environmental, food and beverage, manufacturing and R&D, pharmaceutical, veterinary

Altitude: Not only do aircraft components need to perform reliably under the pressure, temperature, humidity differences of working at higher altitudes[41]; any product being transported at higher altitudes by air and ground needs packaging that can consistently protect it.[42] As such, aviation components, food packaging, pharmaceutical packaging, and other related products must undergo altitude testing — including reduced pressure testing, decompression testing, and temperature/humidity testing — to ensure safety and product integrity.[41][43][44]

Industry lab(s) this test is typical to: automotive and aerospace, food and beverage, manufacturing and R&D, pharmaceutical

Amino acid analysis: Amino acids are a primary component of proteins and are responsible for growth, tissue repair, and other important bodily functions. Therefor, testing methods that determine the amino acid content of raw and processed foods, (bio)pharmaceutical ingredients, physiological fluids, etc. are vital for making more nutritious food, providing safer pharmaceuticals, and developing better clinical outcomes.[45][46][47] Amino acid testing has even been used to determine the gender associated with a set of fingerprints.[48]

Industry lab(s) this test is typical to: agriculture and forestry, chemical, clinical care, clinical and academic research, food and beverage, law enforcement and forensics, life science and biotechnology, pharmaceutical, veterinary

Angle of repose: Copley Scientific defines angle of repose as "the angle (relative to the horizontal base) of the conical pile produced when a granular material is poured on to a horizontal surface," and they state that the defining characteristics are largely based on the material's density, surface area, and coefficient of friction.[49] This test has practical use in pharmaceuticals for operations such as blending, tablet compression, and capsule filling[50], and it's useful in geology, mining, and geophysical research.[51][52]

Industry lab(s) this test is typical to: clinical and academic research, geology and mining, pharmaceutical

Aniline point: Aniline is a prototypical, industrially produced liquid and aromatic amine that is used in the production of foams, dyes, antioxidants, and varnishes.[53] This substance is used in combination with an oil to test its aniline point, which Fann Instrument Company defines as the "lowest temperature at which equal volumes of fresh aniline and an oil are completely miscible."[54] This test is largely used by the petrochemical industry to, for example, determine the best drilling fluid to minimize degradation of rubber components on a drilling rig.[54]

Industry lab(s) this test is typical to: petrochemical

Anion: Cornerstone Analytical Laboratories defines an anions as "single atom or polyatomic species that have an overall negative charge."[55] An anion test would largely be used to detect and identify the constituent anions of a known or unknown mixture or sample type, often from public water systems, rivers, and industrial runoff.[56][57]

Industry lab(s) this test is typical to: chemical, environmental, power and utility

Antigen: An antigen is a protein attached to the cell surface of an infectious organism. Antigen's counterpart, the antibody, is created by the immune system to combat the infectious organism, with an antibody appearing for each type of antigen. As such, an antigen test allows clinicians and researchers to test a biological sample to see if an antibody is present, and thus if an infectious organism is present.[58]

Industry lab(s) this test is typical to: clinical care, clinical and academic research, life science and biotechnology

Antimicrobial: An antimicrobial is a substance that destroys or inhibits the growth of microorganisms.[59] An antimicrobial's efficacy and safety must be tested to meet regulatory audits and international standards, thus their testing. Antibiotics, textiles, insulation materials, adhesive films, disinfectants, sanitizers, and even paints are likely to receive one or more antimicrobial tests using a set of highly standardized methods.[60][61] Of course, plenty of laboratory research is also going into the effects of antimicrobial use on humans, animals, and their environment.[62][63]

Industry lab(s) this test is typical to: agriculture and forestry, chemical, clinical and academic research, clinical care, cosmetic, environmental, life science and biotechnology, pharmaceutical, power and utility, veterinary

API gravity: The API gravity test is a staple to the petrochemical lab, measuring the density of a petroleum liquid relative to that of water. Petroleum samples with an API below that of water (10°) are heavier than water and sink (an extra heavy oil).[64][65]

Industry lab(s) this test is typical to: petrochemical

Artificial pollution: The artificial pollution test is a niche laboratory test performed on outdoor insulators used in power transmission and management. Salt particles from ocean spray, dust, fertilizers, industrial pollution, bird droppings, and fly ash can all collect on insulators, negatively impacting their long-term effectiveness. As such, characteristics such as wettability class, flashover voltage, equivalent salt deposit density (ESDD) are used to test ceramic and silicone insulators for how they hold up to environmental pollutants over time.[66][67][68]

Industry lab(s) this test is typical to: manufacturing and R&D, power and utility

Ash: An ash or ash content test involves weighing and then heating/incinerating a sample in a crucible, then weighing and examining the resulting ash residue. (Other types of ashing methods may be applied to food and other samples.) Any mineral content that remains — calcium carbonate, glass fiber, lead, mercury, potassium, talc, etc. — can be identified for reverse engineering purposes, for painting a clearer picture of how the sample will react to external variables, or for supporting nutritional labeling requirements.[69][70][71][72]

Industry lab(s) this test is typical to: automotive and aerospace, chemical, food and beverage, manufacturing and R&D

Atterberg limits: This test determines several key aspects of a fine-grained soil and its critical water content, particularly as it changes from a liquid (liquid limit) to plastic (plastic limit) to solid (shrinkage limit) state. This information is useful to construction and mining activities, as well as agricultural activities.[73][74]

Industry lab(s) this test is typical to: agriculture and forestry, environmental, geology and mining

B

Basic sediment and water: Sometimes abbreviated as "BS&W," this test is found in petrochemical laboratories that need to determine the amount of sediment and water in their crude oil stream or even their used lubricating oil. Governed by several standardized methods, this test is commonly performed with the centrifuge method, though titration methods are also used. This testing is useful for custody transfers and monitoring produced water.[75][76]

Industry lab(s) this test is typical to: petrochemical

Bioaccumulation: Merriam-Webster defines bioaccumulation as the gradual increase in quantity (or number) of a substance in a living organism.[77] Laboratories around the world measure bioaccumulation of chemicals, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, additives, and other materials (e.g., plastic particles) in plants, animals, and other living organisms to gain a better sense of the hazards human activity are placing on those organisms and the environment. Bioaccumulation is measured as concentration of a substance in air, soil, tissues, and plant material.[78][79][80]

Industry lab(s) this test is typical to: agriculture and forestry, clinical care, environmental, geology and mining, veterinary

Bioavailability: Merriam-Webster defines this word as "the degree and rate at which a substance (such as a drug) is absorbed into a living system or is made available at the site of physiological activity."[81] As the definition suggests, bioavailability testing is largely a product of the pharmaceutical and associated clinical research field, though researchers conducting dietary and environmental research are also interested in this test.[82][83][84]

Plasma drug concentration over time or urinalysis methods are common in measuring bioavailability.[82]

Industry lab(s) this test is typical to: clinical and academic research, environmental, food and beverage, manufacturing and R&D, pharmaceutical

Bioburden / Microbial enumeration: Mold & Bacteria Consulting Services defines this type of testing as "the enumeration and characterization of the population of viable aerobic microorganisms on or in a medical device, component, raw material, or package which has not been sterilized."[85] However, this definition can be expanded to testing of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, nutritional products, and more.[86] A standardized version of this test measures total aerobic microbial count (TAMC) and total yeast and mold count (TYMC), acting as quality control to ensure the safety of the item's end user and is often part of a regulatory mandate.[87]

Industry lab(s) this test is typical to: clinical and academic research, cosmetic, environmental, food and beverage, manufacturing and R&D, pharmaceutical, power and utility, veterinary

Biocompatibility: Biomaterials, nanomaterials, medical devices, and even biological materials (such as someone else's blood) — when introduced to the body — are never a guarantee to integrate well. Safety evaluation studies, allergy tests, and toxicity tests are all a part of testing the biocompatibility of a material, ensuring it doesn't elicit a local or systemic response from living tissues and bodily systems.[88][89][90][91]

Industry lab(s) this test is typical to: clinical and academic research, clinical care, cosmetic, manufacturing and R&D, nanotechnology, pharmaceutical

Biodegradation: Merriam-Webster defines biodegradation as the process of organic material breaking down into its constituents, especially by the actions of living organisms.[92] A wide variety of test methods have been used in industry laboratories to test biodegradation due to "[t]he great variety of biodegradation processes in the natural environment and in technical plants,"[93] including soil metabolism studies and seawater inoculum studies.[94][95]

Industry lab(s) this test is typical to: agriculture and forestry, environmental, food and beverage, manufacturing and R&D, petrochemical

Biomechanical: Biomechanics involves the scientific study of the relationships between an organisms biology and the way that it moves.[96] Biomechanical testing is needed in several cases, primarily in the development of biomaterials for prosthetics and other implants[97][98] but also in the analysis of living tissues such as bone and cartilage for disease assessment and treatment.[99]

Industry lab(s) this test is typical to: clinical and academic research, manufacturing and R&D

Biomolecular: Biomolecules — organic molecules such as proteins and nucleic acids in living organisms[100] — are important to many fields of science and industry. Many clinical and industrial applications require lab testing to properly identify biomolecules in or on a substance for diagnosis, research, and quality control purposes. Does a particular food contain a known allergen or pathogen?[101] Has someone been exposed to a toxic substance in the environment?[102] Biomolecular testing helps with these and other questions.

Industry lab(s) this test is typical to: chemical, clinical and academic research, clinical care, food and beverage, law enforcement and forensics, life science and biotechnology

Biophysical profile: The biophysical profile (BPP) is a test performed typically in the last trimester of human pregnancy as a way to evaluate the overall health of the developing baby. It measures aspects such as heart rate, movement, breathing, and position.[103] The BPP can also be applied in the veterinarian sciences, for example with pregnant mares.[104]

Industry lab(s) this test is typical to: clinical care, veterinary

Biosafety: Merriam-Webster defines biosafety as "safety with respect to the effects of biological research on humans and the environment."[105] This typically includes testing to ensure biologicals, raw materials, and final products are free from unintended viral agents and other contaminates.[106][107]

Industry lab(s) this test is typical to: chemical, clinical and academic research, manufacturing and R&D, pharmaceutical

Blood culture: The American Association for Clinical Chemistry (AACC) describes a blood culture as a test "used to detect the presence of bacteria or fungi in the blood, to identify the type present, and to guide treatment."[108] The test may be done in conjunction with a complete blood count (CBC), and it applies to both clinical and veterinary science.[108][109]

Industry lab(s) this test is typical to: clinical and academic research, clinical care, veterinary

Blood gases: The AACC explains that a blood gas test is able to detect acid-base imbalances and gauge respiratory function as a way to diagnose conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and kidney dysfunction.[110] Like the blood culture, the blood gases test is useful in both clinical and veterinary science.[110][109]

Industry lab(s) this test is typical to: clinical and academic research, clinical care, veterinary

Blood typing: A blood type test determines the types of antigens attached to an organism's red blood cells so as to make identification of the most biocompatible blood type for transfusion purposes.[111] Like the previously mentioned blood tests, blood typing is useful in both clinical and veterinary science.[111][112]

Industry lab(s) this test is typical to: clinical care, veterinary

Boiling, freezing, and melting point: While sometimes viewed as basic classroom learning exercises, determination of the boiling, freezing, and melting point of a substance remains useful in several industries. These tests allow laboratory scientists to not only identify the purity of a substance, but they also provide important knowledge in pharmaceutical formulation as well as correct labeling of material safety data sheets (MSDS).[113][114][115]

Industry lab(s) this test is typical to: chemical, food and beverage, manufacturing and R&D, petrochemical, pharmaceutical

C

C- and N-terminal:

Calorimetry:

Capillary and gel electrophoresis:

Carbon-hydrogen ratio:

Carcinogenicity:

Cargo analysis:

Case depth:

Cetane:

Characterization:

Chemical and materials compatibility:

Chemical oxygen demand:

Circular dichroism:

Cleanliness:

Climatics:

Cloud point:

Combustion:

Compaction:

Comparative Tracking Index:

Comparison:

Compendial:

Complete blood count:

Compliance/Conformance:

Composition:

Compression:

Conductivity:

Congealing point:

Conradson Carbon Residue:

Consolidation:

Contact mechanics:

Contamination:

Corrosion:

Counterfeit detection:

Cross-drive:

Current and current switching:

Cytology:

Cytopathology:

Cytotoxicity:

D

De novo protein:

Damage tolerance:

Decomposition:

Deformulation:

Degradation:

Density:

Design verification testing:

Detection:

Developmental and reproductive toxicology:

Dielectric withstand:

Dietary exposure:

Dimensional:

Discoloration:

Disintegration:

Dissolution:

Dissolved gas:

Disulfide bridge:

Doctor test:

Drop:

Dynamics:

E

Ecotoxicology:

Edge crush:

Efficacy:

Efficiency:

Electrolyte and mineral panel:

Electromagnetic compatibility:

Electromagnetic interference:

Electrophoresis:

Electrostatic discharge:

Elongation:

Endocrine disruptor screening program:

Endotoxin:

Endurance:

Environmental fate:

Environmental metabolism:

Environmental simulation:

Environmental stress-cracking resistance:

Ergonomics:

Etching:

Expiration dating:

Evaporation loss:

Extractables and leachables:

F

Failure:

Fatigue:

Fault simulation:

Feasibility:

File carving:

Fire debris analysis:

Flammability:

Flash point:

Flavor:

Fluid dynamics:

Fluorescence:

Formulation:

Fragrance:

Freight flow:

Friability:

Friction:

Functional:

Functional observational battery:

G

Genetic:

Genotoxicity:

Genotype:

Geochemistry:

Geophysics:

Geothermal:

GMO detection:

Grain and particle size:

Grindability:

Gunshot residue analysis:

H

HACCP:

Hazard analysis:

Heat resistance:

Heating value:

Hematocrit:

Hematotoxicity:

Hemoglobin:

Hydraulic:

Hydrocarbon group type:

Human factors:

Hydraulic conductivity:

I

Identification:

Immersion:

Immunoassay:

Immunofluorescence:

Immunohistochemistry:

Impact:

Impurity:

Incident analysis:

Incline impact:

Inclusion:

Induction motor fault:

Infectious disease:

Inflatability:

Ingredient:

Ingress:

Inhalation:

Integrity:

Internal arc:

Iodine value:

Irritation:

Isotope analysis:

Iterative:

J

K

Kauri-butanol value:

Kidney function:

L

Labeling:

Last-mile distribution:

Leak:

Learning and memory:

Lipid profile:

Liver function:

Load:

Locomotor activity:

Lot release:

Lightning:

Lubricity:

M

Macroetch:

Macro- and microstructure:

Mass:

Mechanical:

Mechanical durability:

Medical toxicology:

Metabolic:

Metallurgical analysis:

Microfluidics:

Minimum bactericidal concentration:

Minimum inhibitory concentration:

Mobility:

Moisture:

Mold, fungal, and mycotoxin:

Molecular weight:

Mutagenicity:

N

Nanoparticulate:

Neurotoxicity:

Nuclear density:

Nutritional:

O

Octane:

Optical testing:

Organic carbon:

Osmolality:

Osmolarity:

Out-of-phase making and breaking:

Oxidation reduction potential:

Oxidation stability:

P

Parasitic:

Partial discharge:

Passivation:

Pathogen:

Pathogenicity:

Penetration:

PDCAAS:

Peptide mapping:

Performance:

Permeability:

Peroxide value:

pH:

Pharmacokinetic:

Photometric:

Photostability:

Phototoxicity:

Physical:

Phytosanitary:

Plant metabolism:

Plating and coating evaluation:

Polarimetry:

Post-translational modification:

Pour point:

Power quality:

Preservative challenge:

Pressure:

Process safety:

Proficiency testing:

Protein analysis:

Protein characterization:

Purity:

Pyrogenicity:

Q

Qualification:

Quality control:

R

Radio interference voltage:

Radioactivity:

Radiochemistry:

Ramsbottom Carbon Residue:

Red blood cell count:

Reflectance:

Refractive index:

Reliability:

Resistance, capacitance, and inductance:

S

Safety:

Salt content:

Sanitation:

Saponification value:

Seismic:

Sensitization:

Sensory:

Shear:

Shelf life:

Shock:

Short-circuit withstand:

Short-line fault:

Smoke point:

Soil microflora:

Solar:

Solubility:

Specific gravity:

Specific rotation:

Spectral:

Sports performance:

Stability testing:

Sterility testing:

Stress:

Stress corrosion cracking:

Subchronic toxicity:

Sulfide:

Surface tension:

Surface topography:

T

Tear:

Temperature and humidity:

Temperature-rise:

Tensile:

Tension:

Terrestrial toxicology:

Thermal:

Thyroid function:

Torque:

Total viable count:

Toxicokinetic:

Traffic modeling and analysis:

Turbidity:

U

Ultraviolet:

Urine culture:

Usability:

V

Validation:

Vapor pressure:

Velocity and flow:

Verification:

Vibration:

Vigor and germination:

Virucidal efficacy:

Viscosity:

Visibility:

Voltage:

W

Water activity:

Weathering:

Wildlife toxicology: This broad category of testing involves the research and analysis of how aquatic, avian, and other wildlife species are affected by exposure to toxic substances. Through acute, feeding, field, and reproduction studies, researchers are gaining a better understanding of how toxins from insecticides, fungicides, etc. are metabolized, how they affect various bodily systems, and how they affect future generations.[116][117][118]

Industry lab(s) this test is typical to: agriculture and forestry, clinical and academic, environmental, veterinary

X, Y, Z

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "absorb". Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster, Inc. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/absorb. Retrieved 10 May 2017.  Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "MWAbsorb" defined multiple times with different content
  2. ↑ "D-xylose absorption". MedlinePlus. U.S. National Library of Medicine. 28 January 2016. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003606.htm. Retrieved 10 May 2017. 
  3. ↑ Sivakugan, N.; Arulrajah, A.; Bo, M.W. (2011). "Part D: Aggregate Testing". Laboratory Testing of Soils, Rocks, and Aggregates. J. Ross Publishing. pp. 167–208. ISBN 9781604270471. https://books.google.com/books?id=AGx-Te4eAzIC&pg=PA170. 
  4. ↑ "Water Absorption ASTM D570". Testlopedia - The Plastics Testing Encyclopedia. Intertek Group plc. http://www.intertek.com/polymers/testlopedia/water-absorption-astm-d570/. Retrieved 10 May 2017. 
  5. ↑ "Accelerated Stress Testing (AST)". Performance Testing. Intertek Group plc. http://www.intertek.com/performance-testing/ast/. Retrieved 10 May 2017. 
  6. ↑ "Battery Abuse Testing Laboratory (BATLab)". Sandia National Laboratories. National Technology and Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC. http://energy.sandia.gov/about/facilities/batlab/. Retrieved 10 May 2017. 
  7. ↑ "HAST (Highly Accelerated Stress Test)". Laboratory Testing Services. ESPEC Corp.. http://www.espec.co.jp/english/products/trustee/test/pressurecooker.html. Retrieved 10 May 2017. 
  8. ↑ Wohlgemuth, J. (26 February 2013). "Accelerated Stress Testing, Qualification Testing, HAST, Field Experience – what do they all mean?" (PDF). National Renewable Energy Laboratory. pp. 27. http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy13osti/58371.pdf. Retrieved 10 May 2017. 
  9. ↑ "acceleration". Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster, Inc. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/acceleration. Retrieved 10 May 2017. 
  10. ↑ "Acceleration testing". Testing & Certification. National Technical Systems, Inc. https://www.nts.com/services/dynamics/acceleration. Retrieved 10 May 2017. 
  11. ↑ "Dynamics > Acceleration testing". E-Labs, Inc. http://www.e-labsinc.com/dynamics-acceleration-testing.shtml. Retrieved 10 May 2017. 
  12. ↑ TMS and PCB Piezotronics. "The Basics of Accelerometer Calibration" (PDF). The Modal Shop, Inc. pp. 29. http://modalshop.com/filelibrary/Basics%20of%20Calibration.pdf. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Noria Corporation (July 2007). "A Comprehensive Look At the Acid Number Test". Practicing Oil Analysis. Noria Corporation. http://www.machinerylubrication.com/Read/1052/acid-number-test. Retrieved 10 May 2017. 
  14. ↑ Winterfield, C.; van de Voort, F. (June 2015). "A New Approach for Determining the Acid and Base Number of Used Oils". Machinery Lubrication. Noria Corporation. http://machinerylubrication.com/Read/30156/acid-base-number. Retrieved 10 May 2017. 
  15. ↑ Gulinello, M. (May 2016). "Acoustic Startle and Prepulse Inhibition". Biobserve GmbH. pp. 18. 
  16. ↑ Götz, T.; Janik, V.M. (2011). "Repeated elicitation of the acoustic startle reflex leads to sensitisation in subsequent avoidance behaviour and induces fear conditioning". BMC Neuroscience 12: 30. doi:10.1186/1471-2202-12-30. PMC PMC3101131. PMID 21489285. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3101131. 
  17. ↑ "Acoustical testing". Laboratories. Alion Science and Technology Corporation. http://www.alionscience.com/About-Alion/Labs-and-Facilities/Acoustics/Riverbank-Acoustical-Laboratories/Acoustical-Testing. Retrieved 10 May 2017. 
  18. ↑ "Acoustical Testing". NGC Testing. NGC Testing Services. http://www.alionscience.com/About-Alion/Labs-and-Facilities/Acoustics/Riverbank-Acoustical-Laboratories/Acoustical-Testing. Retrieved 10 May 2017. 
  19. ↑ "Drug Quality Sampling and Testing Programs". U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 7 March 2017. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/scienceresearch/ucm407277.htm. Retrieved 11 May 2017. 
  20. ↑ "Active Ingredient Analysis". Microchem Laboratory. http://microchemlab.com/test-category/active-ingredient-analysis. Retrieved 11 May 2017. 
  21. ↑ Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention (January 2012). "Ecological Effects Test Guidelines - OCSPP 850.3020: Honey Bee Acute Contact Toxicity Test" (PDF). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPDF.cgi/P100IRFL.PDF?Dockey=P100IRFL.PDF. Retrieved 11 May 2017. 
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