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Clinical chemistry (sometimes referred to as chemical pathology) is the area of clinical pathology that is generally concerned with analysis of bodily fluids. The discipline originated in the late nineteenth century with the use of simple chemical tests for various components of blood and urine. Subsequent to this, other techniques were applied including the use and measurement of enzyme activities, spectrophotometry, electrophoresis, and immunoassay.

Today clinical laboratories are now highly automated to accommodate the high workload typical of a hospital laboratory or reference laboratory. A large clinical laboratory will accept samples for up to about 700 different kinds of tests. Even the largest of laboratories rarely do all these tests themselves, and some must be referred to other labs. This large array of tests can be further sub-categorized into sub-specialties like general or routine chemistry, special chemistry, clinical endocrinology, toxicology, therapeutic drug monitoring, urinalysis, and fecal analysis. (Full article...)

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