User:Shawndouglas/sandbox/sublevel33
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2. Diagnostic testing of COVID-19
2.1.1 Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
This disease arose in South China in late 2002. Caused by the SARS caronavirus (SARS-CoV) and believed to have originated from horseshoe bats[1], SARS eventually was contained in the summer of 2003. The last known infection was in April 2004, due to a laboratory accident.[2] During that time, the following sample collection and test procedures evolved from the related outbreaks[3][4][5][6][7]:
- Determine that the patient is indicating clinical and/or epidemiological evidence of SARS.
- Collect multiple specimen types at different time points of the patient's illness. Respiratory and plasma or serum specimens should be collected early into the first week of illness. Respiratory samples should be from nasopharyngeal aspirates and swabs in the upper respiratory tract, or in some cases fluids from the lower respiratory tract using bronchoalveolar lavage, tracheal aspiration, or a pleural tap. Whole blood (5 to 10 ml) is collected into either a serum separator tube for blood serum or EDTA tube for blood plasma. Stool samples are also of import early on for virus isolation or detection and are useful in at least the first and second weeks of the illness. Blood serum is usefull in weeks two and three for detecting a rising titre.
2.2 Organizational and agency guidance on COVID-19 testing
2.3 Current test kits and their differences
2.4 Regulatory and recommended requirements for reporting test results
References
- ↑ McKie, R. (9 December 2017). "Scientists trace 2002 Sars virus to colony of cave-dwelling bats in China". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/dec/10/sars-virus-bats-china-severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome. Retrieved 03 April 2020.
- ↑ Normile, D. (2004). "Mounting Lab Accidents Raise SARS Fears". Science (5671): 659–61. doi:10.1126/science.304.5671.659. PMID 15118129.
- ↑ New York State Department of Health (February 2004). "Laboratory Testing for SARS". State of New York. https://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/communicable/sars/sars_reporting/attachment_6_dear_doctor_lab.htm. Retrieved 03 April 2020.
- ↑ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (21 May 2004). "Public Health Guidance for Community-Level Preparedness and Response to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Version 2 - Supplement F: Laboratory Guidance" (PDF). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/sars/guidance/f-lab/downloads/F-lab-full.pdf. Retrieved 03 April 2020.
- ↑ Knobler, S.; Mahmoud, A.; Lemon, S. et al., ed. (2004). "Appendix C: In the absence of SARS-CoV transmission worldwide: Guidance for surveillance, clinical and laboratory evaluation, and reporting". Learning from SARS: Preparing for the Next Disease Outbreak. National Academies Press. pp. 292–302. doi:10.17226/10915. ISBN 9780309182157.
- ↑ World Health Organization (23 January 2004). "WHO SARS International Reference and Verification Laboratory Network: Policy and Procedures in the Inter-Epidemic Period". World Health Organization. http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/en/SARSReferenceLab.pdf. Retrieved 03 April 2020.
- ↑ Liang, G.; Chen, Q.; Xu, J. et al. (2004). "Laboratory Diagnosis of Four Recent Sporadic Cases of Community-acquired SARS, Guangdong Province, China". Emerging Infectious Diseases 10 (10): 1774–81. doi:10.3201/eid1010.040445. PMC PMC3323270. PMID 15504263. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3323270.
