Template:Citation

Template documentation

For the ^{[citation needed]} template, see {{Citation needed}} (reduced form {{Cn}}).

The Citation template generates a citation for a book, periodical, contribution in a collective work, patent, or a web page. It determines the citation type by examining which parameters are used.

If invoked with the right parameters, this template produces output identical to that of the Cite templates, such as {{Cite book}} and {{Cite web}}. The default behavior sometimes differs from that of the Cite templates; for example, this template by default generates anchors for Harvard references whereas the Cite templates do not (although they can be made to do so), and this template by default uses commas to separate some fields that the Cite templates separate with periods (full stops).

The template should be inserted after punctuation, such as a period or comma.

All parameter names are lowercase.

Simple citation

The table below gives the most commonly used attributes; you can copy the horizontal form below or vertical form in the left hand column and then add in extra attributes from the full list. Spacing and ordering is irrelevant.

{{Citation|last= |first= |year= |title= |publisher= |publication-place= |page= |url= |accessdate= }}

{{Citation |last= |first= |year= |title= |publisher= | publication-place= |page= |url= | accessdate= }}

last: The author's surname or last name. Don't use with author. first: The author's first or given name(s). year: Year of authorship or publication. Mandatory for use with links from Template:Harvard citation, unless |date= specifies both month and year. title: Title of the work. Mandatory for web references. publisher: The name of the publisher. Omit terms such as Publishers, Co., Inc., Ltd., etc., but retain the words Books or Press. publication-place (or place): The city of publication. If more than one town/city is listed on the title page, give the first one or the location of the publisher's head office. page: For use when one page is cited. Adds "p." before the page number. Do not use with pages. url: An url of an online location where the item can be found. accessdate: Date when the url was accessed.

Example

{{ Citation | last=Turner | first=O. | title=History of the Pioneer Settlement of Phelps and Gorham's Purchase, and Morris' Reserve | publisher=William Alling | place=Rochester, New York | year=1851 | url = http://olivercowdery.com/texts/1851Trn1.htm#turn1851 }}

Turner, O. (1851), "History of the Pioneer Settlement of Phelps and Gorham's Purchase, and Morris' Reserve", {{{website{{{}}}}}} (Rochester, New York: William Alling), http://olivercowdery.com/texts/1851Trn1.htm#turn1851

Full citation parameters

These can be used for all types of publication except patents. All are optional and indentation is used simply to group related items—these may be mutually exclusive where indicated. Some hyphenated names can also be placed without hyphens.

{{Citation |author= | last= | first= | author2= | last2= | first2= | author-link= | author2-link= | author-separator= | author-name-separator= | author=mask= | display-authors= | coauthors= |editor= | editor-last= | editor-first= | editor2= | editor2-last= | editor2-first= | editor-link= | editor2-link= |others= |publication-date= | year= | month= | origyear= |title= |chapter= | chapter-url= | contribution= | contribution-url= |type= | journal= | periodical= | newspaper= | magazine= | work= |edition= | series= | volume= | issue= |publisher= | publication-place= | place= |language= |page= | pages= | nopp= | at= |id= | isbn= | issn= | oclc= | pmid= | pmc= | pmc-embargo-date: | bibcode= | doi= | doi-inactive= |url= | accessdate= | format= | archiveurl= | archivedate= |quote= |lay-summary= | lay-source= | lay-date= |separator= |postscript= |ref= }}

author (or author1): The author's name. It is preferable to use the last/first attributes below for single or multiple authors. last (or last1): The author's surname or last name. first (or first1): The author's first or given name(s). author2, last2, first2, up to author9 etc.: can be used for multiple authors– up to 8 will be shown before et al. is displayed author-link: Title of an existing Wikipedia article about the first author (author2-link etc can also be used). author-separator: override the default semi-colon that separates authors. author-name-separator: override the default comma that separates authors' last and first names. display-authors: Truncate the list of authors at an arbitrary point with "et al". Still include the first 9 authors to allow metadata to be generated. lastauthoramp: If supplied, whether or not assigned a value, places an ampersand (&) before the last name of final author, if more than one author is supplied. Recommended usage is lastauthoramp=yes. coauthors: Names of additional author(s) can be given but author2 or last2, first2 is preferred. editor: Name of editor, placed after date with ,ed. Not required for periodicals. editor-link: link to article about the editor others: Any other associated people (e.g. foreword) placed after editor. publication-date (or date): Date of publication. date: Date of authorship, if different from date of publication. If only date is used, it will be treated as the date of publication. year: Year of authorship or publication. (Mandatory for use with links from Template:Harvard citation. In some situations, the template may be able to derive a year from the full date.) month: Month of publication (ignored if the date field is used). origyear: Year of first publication, if different. title: Title of the book or article in a periodical. If the title includes [square brackets], these must be encoded as "[" for "[" and "]" for "]" chapter or contribution: title of the chapter or part of a publication will be put in quotes. chapter-url or contribution-url: use to add a link to the chapter or contribution title. type: An optional field which can be used to provide additional information about a publication type. The content appears in parentheses following the title. If the publication is a thesis or dissertation, the type might be specified as type=PhD thesis, If the publication is an audiobook on compact disk, the type might be specified as type=CD. journal or periodical or newspaper or magazine or work: Name of the journal or periodical. edition: Number or name of the edition, if not the first; for example: edition=2nd. series: The book series of which this book is a part. volume: The volume number of a multi-volume book. issue: Issue number of a periodical. publisher: The name of the publisher. Omit terms such as Publishers, Co., Inc., Ltd., etc., but retain the words Books or Press. Not needed if issn or doi used. publication-place (or place): The city of publication. If more than one town/city is listed on the title page, give the first one or the location of the publisher's head office. If the city is not well-known, you may add a county, region, or state. States in the U.S. are denoted by a two-letter code; for example: place=Paris, TX (no period at the end). Where the publisher is a university and the place or location is included in the name of the university, do not use this parameter. place or location: City in which the work was made, if different from the city of publication. If only place is used, it will be treated as the city of publication. language: If not English. e.g. Finnish. page: For use when one page is cited. Adds "p." before the page number. Do not use with pages. pages: For use when multiple pages are cited. Adds "pp." before the page numbers. Do not use with page. nopp: if set to any value, page=/pages= do not generate 'p.' or 'pp.'. E.g. nopp=true. Using at= has the same effect. at: Position within the resource when |page=/|pages= is inappropriate or insufficient. This parameter is ignored if |page=/|pages= is specified. Examples of usage of |at=: |at=para. 14 (when citing a source without page numbers), |at=02:56 (a film or audio timestamp), |at=no. 456 (something in a numbered list), |at=p. 6, col. 2 (for a page and a column because "column" is not a Citation template parameter), or |at=sec. F pp. 4–6 (for a section and a page within the section, "section" not being a parameter). id: A unique identifier for the document, used if none of the below are applicable. In this case, you need to specify the kind of identifier you are using, preferably with a template like {{MR}} / {{MathSciNet}}, {{Zbl}}, {{arXiv}}, {{JSTOR}} or {{JFM}}. isbn: Use this parameter if the book has an ISBN; follow the guidance at Wikipedia:ISBN to use ISBNs with correctly placed dashes, and give the ISBN-13 instead of ISBN-10 when available. issn: The publication's International Standard Serial Number such as 1111-2220. The eight-figure ISSN may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen; but not an N-dash or a space. doi: A digital object identifier such as 10.1016/j.coi.2004.08.001. doi_inactivedate: Date on which the DOI was observed to be not functioning. oclc: Online Computer Library Center ID number, such as 3185581 (superfluous when ISBN is given). pmid: The document's PubMed Unique Identifier, such as 15128012 pmc: The document's PubMed Central article number (PMCID) for full-text free repository of an article, such as 246835 pmc-embargo-date: The date that an article will be freely accessible at PubMed central. After this date, the title will automatically link to the free full text at PubMed Central (and the parameter will be removed by a bot). bibcode: The document's bibcode in the Astrophysics Data System, e.g., 1924MNRAS..84..308E url: An url of an online location where the book can be found. This should point to, in descending order of preference: A free online version of the full text An online version of the full text, for which subscription is required An abstract or information page, if no DOI or PMID record is available accessdate: Date when the url was accessed. format: format of online documentation if not html (e.g. pdf). archive parameters (if used, both must be used together) archiveurl: The URL of an archived copy of a web page, if (or in case) the url becomes unavailable. Typically used to refer to services like WebCite and Archive.org. archivedate: Date when the item was archived. Should not be wikilinked. separator: specifies the punctuation mark used to separate certain fields. This defaults to a comma; the 'Cite xxx' family of templates uses a period. lay-summary: URL of a lay summary of a technical article, which could be in a popular science magazine or newspaper. lay-source: Name of the source, e.g. The Guardian (UK newspaper) or New Scientist. lay-date: The date of publication or, where this is not available, date of retrieval of the lay summary. postscript: Set terminal punctuation. Omit or leave blank to remove the trailing full stop. Punctuation specified by this parameter will appear within the cite span, and consequently before any icons added by metadata-using software (e.g. library browser plugins). Hence this parameter should be used instead of manually appending data to the citation. This parameter is ignored if |quote= is specified, when |postscript=. is forced. ref: An explicit ID for Harvard references; see Anchors for Harvard references

Examples

Books

Three authors, a volume, and an edition. Ampersand (&) forced before final author's name.

{{ Citation | last1=Lincoln | first1=A. | last2=Washington | first2=G. | last3=Adams | first3=J. | lastauthoramp=yes | title=All the Presidents' Names | publisher=The Pentagon | place=Home Base, New York | volume=XII | edition=2nd | year=2007 }}

Lincoln, A.; Washington, G.; Adams, J. (2007), "All the Presidents' Names", {{{website{{{}}}}}} (Home Base, New York: The Pentagon) XII

Web

Web page	{{Citation |url=http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov |title=NPS Focus |work=National Register of Historic Places |publisher=[[National Park Service]] |accessdate=November 30, 2010 }}	"NPS Focus", National Register of Historic Places (National Park Service), http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov. Retrieved November 30, 2010
archived page	{{citation |url=http://liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/academy/space/atmosphere.html |title=Earth's Atmosphere |accessdate=October 25, 2007 |publisher=[[National Aeronautics and Space Administration]] |year=1995 |author=NASA |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20071013232332/ http://liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/academy/space/atmosphere.html |archivedate = October 13, 2007 }}	NASA (1995), "Earth's Atmosphere", {{{website{{{}}}}}} (National Aeronautics and Space Administration), archived from the original on October 13, 2007, http://web.archive.org/web/20071013232332/http://liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/academy/space/atmosphere.html. Retrieved October 25, 2007

Journals, newspapers, magazines, or other periodicals

Journal article	{{Citation | last=Hill | first=Marvin S. | title=Joseph Smith and the 1826 Trial: New Evidence and New Difficulties | journal=BYU Studies | volume=12 | issue=2 | year=1976 | pages=1–8 | url=https://byustudies.byu.edu/ shop/PDFSRC/12.2Hill.pdf }}	Hill, Marvin S. (1976), "Joseph Smith and the 1826 Trial: New Evidence and New Difficulties", BYU Studies 12 (2): 1–8, https://byustudies.byu.edu/shop/PDFSRC/12.2Hill.pdf
Journal article with multiple authors and identifier	{{citation |last1=Mandelkern |first1= M, |last2=Elias |first2= J, |last3=Eden |first3= D, |last4=Crothers |first4= D |display-authors=2 |title=The dimensions of DNA in solution |journal=J Mol Biol |volume=152 |issue=1 |pages=153–61 |year=1981 |pmid=7338906 |doi=10.1016/0022-2836(81)90099-1 }}	Mandelkern, M,; Elias, J, et al.. (1981), "The dimensions of DNA in solution", J Mol Biol 152 (1): 153–61, doi:10.1016/0022-2836(81)90099-1, PMID 7338906
Newspaper article	{{Citation | last=Smith | first=Joseph III | author-link=Joseph Smith III | title=Last Testimony of Sister Emma | newspaper=The Saints' Herald | publication-place=Plano, IL | volume=26 | issue=19 | date=October 1, 1879 | year=1879 | month=October | page=289 | url=http://www.sidneyrigdon.com/ dbroadhu/IL/sain1872.htm#100179 }}	Smith, Joseph III (October 1, 1879), "Last Testimony of Sister Emma", {{{website{{{The Saints' Herald}}}}}} (Plano, IL) 26 (19): 289, http://www.sidneyrigdon.com/dbroadhu/IL/sain1872.htm#100179
Conference paper	{{citation | last = Sullivan | first = D.B. | contribution = Time and frequency measurement at NIST: The first 100 years | year = 2001 | title = 2001 IEEE Int'l Frequency Control Symp. | publisher = National Institute of Standards and Technology | url = http://tf.nist.gov/timefreq/general/pdf/1485.pdf | format = PDF }}	Sullivan, D.B. (2001), Time and frequency measurement at NIST: The first 100 years, "2001 IEEE Int'l Frequency Control Symp." (PDF), {{{website{{{}}}}}} (National Institute of Standards and Technology), http://tf.nist.gov/timefreq/general/pdf/1485.pdf

Parts of books, including encyclopedia articles

Manuscript published in an edited compilation	{{Citation | last=Bidamon | first=Emma Smith | author-link=Emma Hale Smith | chapter=Letter to Emma S. Pilgrim | date=March 27, 1876 | year=1876 | editor-last=Vogel | editor-first=Dan | title=Early Mormon Documents | volume=1 | publisher=Signature Books | publication-date=1996 | isbn=1–56085–072–8 }}	Bidamon, Emma Smith (March 27, 1876), Letter to Emma S. Pilgrim, in Vogel, Dan, "Early Mormon Documents", {{{website{{{}}}}}} (Signature Books) 1, 1996, ISBN 1–56085–072–8
Work with an editor but no author	{{Citation | editor-last=Vogel | editor-first=Dan | title=Early Mormon Documents | volume=1 | publisher=Signature Books | publication-date=1996 | isbn=1–56085–072–8 }}	Vogel, Dan, ed. (1996), "Early Mormon Documents", {{{website{{{}}}}}} (Signature Books) 1, ISBN 1–56085–072–8
Encyclopedia article by a named author	{{Citation | last = Kramer | first = Martin | author-link = Martin Kramer | contribution = Bernard Lewis | editor-last = Boyd | editor-first = Kelley | title = Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing | volume = 1 | pages = 719–720 | publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn | place = London | publication-date = 1999 | contribution-url = http:// www.geocities.com/martinkramerorg/ BernardLewis.htm }}	Kramer, Martin (1999), Bernard Lewis, in Boyd, Kelley, "Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing", {{{website{{{}}}}}} (London: Fitzroy Dearborn) 1: pp. 719–720, http://www.geocities.com/martinkramerorg/BernardLewis.htm
Encyclopedia article with no named author	{{Citation | contribution = Bernard Lewis | editor-last = Boyd | editor-first = Kelley | title = Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing | volume = 1 | pages = 719–720 | publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn | place = London | year = 1999 | contribution-url = http:// www.geocities.com/martinkramerorg/ BernardLewis.htm }}	Boyd, Kelley, ed. (1999), Bernard Lewis, "Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing", {{{website{{{}}}}}} (London: Fitzroy Dearborn) 1: pp. 719–720, http://www.geocities.com/martinkramerorg/BernardLewis.htm

Republications, or edited quotations in a periodical article

Manuscript edited and published in a journal	{{Citation | last=Knight | first=Joseph, Sr. | year=1833 | editor-last=Jessee | editor-first=Dean | title=Joseph Knight's Recollection of Early Mormon History | journal=BYU Studies | volume=17 | issue=1 | publication-date=1976 | pages=35 | url=https://byustudies.byu.edu/ shop/PDFSRC/17.1Jessee.pdf }}	Knight, Joseph, Sr. (1833), Jessee, Dean, ed., "Joseph Knight's Recollection of Early Mormon History", BYU Studies 17 (1): 35, 1976, https://byustudies.byu.edu/shop/PDFSRC/17.1Jessee.pdf
Manuscript written at one date and place, then published in a periodical at a different date and place with commentary by the editor.	{{Citation | last=Klingensmith | first=Philip | contribution=Affidavit | year=1872 | date=September 5, 1872 | place=Lincoln County, Nevada | title=Mountain Meadows Massacre | editor-last=Toohy | editor-first=Dennis J. | journal=Corinne Daily Reporter | publication-date=September 24, 1872 | publication-place=Corinne, Utah | volume=5 | issue=252 | pages=1 | contribution-url=http:// udn.lib.utah.edu/u?/corinne,5359 }}	Klingensmith, Philip (September 5, 1872), Affidavit, written at Lincoln County, Nevada, in Toohy, Dennis J., "Mountain Meadows Massacre", Corinne Daily Reporter (Corinne, Utah) 5 (252): 1, September 24, 1872, http://udn.lib.utah.edu/u?/corinne,5359

Press release

Press release with quotation

{{cite press release | url=http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2010/04/05ipad.html | title=Apple Sells Over 300,000 iPads First Day | publisher=Apple Inc| accessdate=April 10, 2010 | quote=in the US as of midnight Saturday, April 3}}

Apple Inc. "Apple Sells Over 300,000 iPads First Day". Press release. http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2010/04/05ipad.html. Retrieved April 10, 2010. "in the US as of midnight Saturday, April 3"

Citing patents

Parameters (all are optional)

{{Citation | inventor-last = | inventor-first = | inventorlink = | inventor2-last = | inventor2-first = | inventorlink2 = | publication-date = | issue-date = | title = | country-code = | description = | patent-number = }}

inventor-last (or inventor1-last): The inventor's surname or last name. inventor-first (or inventor1-first): The inventor's first or given name(s). inventorlink (or inventorlink1): Title of an existing Wikipedia article about the first inventor. inventor2-last, inventor3-last, inventor4-last: The second, third, and fourth authors' surname or last name, if applicable. inventor2-first, inventor3-first, inventor4-first: The second, third, and fourth inventors' first or given name(s), if applicable. inventorlink2, inventorlink3, inventorlink4: Title of an existing Wikipedia article about the second, third, and fourth inventor, if applicable. publication-date: Date of publication or filing. issue-date (or date): Date patent was issued by patent agency. title: Title of the patent. If the title includes [square brackets], these must be encoded as "[" for "[" and "]" for "]" country-code: Two-letter abbreviation of the country issuing the patent. description: Type of patent; shown between country code and number. patent-number: The number of the patent.

Examples

United States patent with multiple inventors

{{Citation | inventor1-last = Degermark | inventor1-first = Mikael | inventor2-last = Brodnik | inventor2-first = Andrej | inventor3-last = Carlsson | inventor3-first = Svante | inventor4-last = Pink | inventor4-first = Stephen | title = Fast routing lookup system using complete prefix tree, bit vector, and pointers in a routing table for determining where to route IP datagrams | issue-date = 2001 | patent-number = 6266706 | country-code = US}}

US 6266706, Degermark, Mikael; Andrej Brodnik & Svante Carlsson et al., "Fast routing lookup system using complete prefix tree, bit vector, and pointers in a routing table for determining where to route IP datagrams", issued 2001

Anchored citations

This template can generate a citation that can be combined with shortened footnotes or parenthetical referencing. It does this by creating an HTML anchor containing an ID. The special parameter |ref=harv generates an ID suitable for Harvard referencing templates such as {{harv}} as specified in the next section; this is the default for the {{citation}} template. If an empty |ref= is given, no anchor is generated; this is the default for the Cite templates such as {{cite book}} and {{cite news}}. You can also specify the ID directly, using the |ref=ID parameter. For example, suppose an article's References section contains the markup:

• {{Citation |author=Sigmund Freud |title=Civilization and Its Discontents |year=1930 |ref=CivDis}}

which generates the citation:

• Sigmund Freud (1930), "Civilization and Its Discontents", {{{website{{{}}}}}} 

Then, the markup "([[#CivDis|Freud 1930]])" generates a parenthetical reference "(Freud 1930)" containing a wikilink to the citation (try clicking on the wikilink).

Anchors for Harvard referencing templates

IDs compatible with Harvard referencing templates such as {{harv}} are computed from the last names of the authors and the year of the cited source. For example, the markup "{{harv|Wright|Evans|1851|p=ix}}" generates the Harvard reference "(Wright & Evans 1851, p. ix)", which wikilinks to the citation whose markup and appearance are shown below:

• {{Citation |last1=Wright |first1=Thomas |last2=Evans |first2=R.H. |title=Historical and Descriptive Account of the Caricatures of James Gillray |location=London |publisher=Henry G. Bohn |year=1851 |oclc=59510372 }}
• Wright, Thomas; Evans, R.H. (1851), "Historical and Descriptive Account of the Caricatures of James Gillray", {{{website{{{}}}}}} (London: Henry G. Bohn), OCLC 59510372 

In this example the {{citation}} template defines, and the {{harv}} template uses, the HTML ID "CITEREFWrightEvans1851", composed by concatenating the string "CITEREF" with the last names of the authors and the year. The {{harvid}} template can be used to generate such IDs, for example, {{harvid|Wright|Evans|1851}} generates "CITEREFWrightEvans1851".

Related methods which leave only a number in the text are to use the {{harvnb}} template enclosed in the <ref></ref> html code, or to use the {{sfn}} template alone. The example above would be <ref>{{harvnb|Wright|Evans|1851|p=ix}}</ref> or {{sfn|Wright|Evans|1851|p=ix}} both of which generate a footnote such as

17. Wright & Evans 1851, p. ix

The names of only the first four authors are used; other author names are not concatenated to the ID. If no author names are given, editor names are used instead. For patents, inventor names are used instead of authors or editors. If these names are not given, this template does not generate an anchor.

Last names are used, as specified by the parameters |last1= (or |last=), |last2=, |last3=, and |last4=, and similarly for |editor1-last= etc. and for |inventor1-last= etc. If a full name is given but no last name is specified, this template falls back on the full name, but this usage is not recommended. For example, in "{{Citation |author=Sigmund Freud |title=The Ego and the Id |year=1923}}" no last name is given, so this citation cannot be combined with the Harvard reference "{{harv|Freud|1923}}". To make these {{citation}} and {{harv}} invocations compatible, either replace "|author=Sigmund Freud" with "|first=Sigmund |last=Freud", or add "|ref={{harvid|Freud|1923}}" to the {{citation}} invocation, or add the same ref parameter (say, "|ref=EgoId") to both the {{citation}} and the {{harv}} invocations.

Similarly, the year is used, as specified by |year=. If no year is given, this template attempts to derive the year from |date= (or, if no date is given, from |publication-date=) by applying the MediaWiki #time function. This heuristic works with many common date formats (American, International and YYYY-MM-DD as listed in WP:MOS) but may not work as expected with other formats, so when in doubt it may be safer to use |year=. Note that if only a year, say 2005, is known you must use |year=2005 rather than |date=2005.

IDs must be unique

Names, years, and hand-specified IDs must be chosen so that the IDs are unique within a page; otherwise the HTML will not conform to the W3C standards, and any references to the citations will not work reliably. For example, suppose a page contains the following two citations with {{harv}}-compatible IDs:

• Montes, G; Halterman, JS (2008a), "Association of childhood autism spectrum disorders and loss of family income", Pediatrics 121 (4): e821–6, doi:10.1542/peds.2007-1594, PMID 18381511, http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/121/4/e821 

• Montes, G; Halterman, JS (2008b), "Child care problems and employment among families with preschool-aged children with autism in the United States", Pediatrics 122 (1): e202–8, doi:10.1542/peds.2007-3037, PMID 18595965, http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/122/1/e202 

If these citations were altered to say "2008" rather than "2008a" and "2008b", the resulting page would not work, because the two different citations would both attempt to use the ID "CITEREFMontesHalterman2008". To avoid this problem, distinguish the citations by appending suffixes to the years, e.g., "|year=2008a" and "|year=2008b", as was done above. Any Harvard references to these citations should use years with the same suffixes.

It is good practice to verify that a page does not contain duplicate IDs by using the W3C Markup Validation Service; see External links.

Dates

Tools

See Wikipedia:Citing sources#Citation templates and tools for a list of tools which can help create a reference in the 'citation' format.

COinS

This template produces COinS metadata; see COinS in Wikipedia for background information.

Additional parameters

author-mask – This parameter is primarily intended for use in bibliographies where multiple works by a single author are listed. It replaces the name of the first author (which must still be provided to garner metadata) with a strike-thru dash (—) author-mask em in length. So if |author-mask=1 then the dash will be one em in length, if |author-mask=2 it will be two em long and so on. Set author-mask to a text value to display a word instead – for example, 'with'. You must still include |last= and |first= for metadata purposes. ar:قالب:استشهاد da:Skabelon:Citation et:Mall:Viide eo:Ŝablono:Cito es:Plantilla:Obra citada eu:Txantiloi:Erreferentzia gu:ઢાંચો:Citation ko:틀:인용 ja:Template:Citation no:mal:Citation ro:Format:Citation ru:Шаблон:Citation sl:Predloga:Citat sr:Шаблон:Citation sv:Mall:Citation th:แม่แบบ:Citation tr:Şablon:Citation zh:Template:Citation

The Citation template generates a citation for a book, periodical, contribution in a collective work, or a web page. It determines the citation type by examining which parameters are used.

Template parameters

This template prefers inline formatting of parameters.

Parameter		Description	Type	Status
Last name	last author author1 authors last1	The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors	Line	suggested
First name	first first1	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors	Line	suggested
Author link	author-link author-link1 author1-link	Title of existing LIMSwiki article about the author; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors	Page name	optional
Last name 2	last2 author2	The surname of the second author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link2'.	Line	optional
First name 2	first2	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second author; don't wikilink.	Line	optional
Author link 2	author-link2 author2-link	Title of existing LIMSwiki article about the second author.	Page name	optional
Last name 3	last3 author3	The surname of the third author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link3'.	Line	optional
First name 3	first3	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third author; don't wikilink.	Line	optional
Author link 3	author-link3 author3-link	Title of existing LIMSwiki article about the third author.	Page name	optional
Last name 4	last4 author4	The surname of the forth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link4'.	Line	optional
First name 4	first4	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the forth author; don't wikilink.	Line	optional
Author link 4	author-link4 author4-link	Title of existing LIMSwiki article about the forth author.	Page name	optional
Last name 5	last5 author5	The surname of the fifth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link5'.	Line	optional
First name 5	first5	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth author; don't wikilink.	Line	optional
Author link 5	author-link5 author5-link	Title of existing LIMSwiki article about the fifth author.	Page name	optional
Last name 6	last6 author6	The surname of the sixth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link6'.	Line	optional
First name 6	first6	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth author; don't wikilink.	Line	optional
Author link 6	author-link6 author6-link	Title of existing LIMSwiki article about the sixth author.	Page name	optional
Last name 7	last7 author7	The surname of the seventh author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link7'.	Line	optional
First name 7	first7	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh author; don't wikilink.	Line	optional
Author link 7	author-link7 author7-link	Title of existing LIMSwiki article about the seventh author.	Page name	optional
Last name 8	last8 author8	The surname of the eighth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link8'.	Line	optional
First name 8	first8	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth author; don't wikilink.	Line	optional
Author link 8	author-link8 author8-link	Title of existing LIMSwiki article about the eighth author.	Page name	optional
Last name 9	last9 author9	The surname of the ninth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link9'. If nine authors are defined, then only eight will show and 'et al.' will show in place of the last author.	Line	optional
First name 9	first9	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth author; don't wikilink.	Line	optional
Author link 9	author-link9 author9-link	Title of existing LIMSwiki article about the ninth author.	Page name	optional
Display authors	display-authors	number of authors to display before 'et al.' is used;	Number	optional
Author mask	author-mask	Replaces the name of the first author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead	String	optional
Source date	date	Date of the source; do not wikilink. As listed in the publication	Date	suggested
Year of publication	year	Year of the source being referenced; recommended only when date parameter format is YYYY-MM-DD and a CITEREF disambiguator is needed	Number	suggested
Original year	orig-year	Original year of publication; provide specifics	String	optional
Date format	df	Sets rendered dates to the specified format	String	optional
Editor last name	editor-last editor editor1-last editors	The surname of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors; alias of 'editor1-last', 'editor'	Line	suggested
Editor first name	editor-first editor1-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors; alias of 'editor1-first'	Line	suggested
Editor link	editor-link editorlink editor1-link	Title of existing LIMSwiki article about the editor; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors; alias of 'editor1-link'	Page name	optional
Editor last name 2	editor2-last editor2	The surname of the second editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor2-link'.	Line	optional
Editor first name 2	editor2-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second editor; don't wikilink.	Line	optional
Editor link 2	editor2-link editor-link2	Title of existing LIMSwiki article about the second editor.	Page name	optional
Editor last name 3	editor3-last editor3	The surname of the third editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor3-link'.	Line	optional
Editor first name 3	editor3-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third editor; don't wikilink.	Line	optional
Editor link 3	editor3-link editor-link3	Title of existing LIMSwiki article about the third editor.	Page name	optional
Editor last name 4	editor4-last editor4	The surname of the fourth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor4-link'.	Line	optional
Editor first name 4	editor4-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth editor; don't wikilink.	Line	optional
Editor link 4	editor4-link editor-link4	Title of existing LIMSwiki article about the fourth editor.	Page name	optional
Editor last name 5	editor5-last editor5	The surname of the fifth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor5-link'.	Line	optional
Editor first name 5	editor5-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth editor; don't wikilink.	Line	optional
Editor link 5	editor5-link editor-link5	Title of existing LIMSwiki article about the fifth editor.	Page name	optional
Others	others	Used to record other contributions to the work, such as 'Illustrated by John Smith' or 'Translated by John Smith'	Content	optional
Title of source	title	Title of source. Works display in italics and articles surrounded in quotation marks.	Content	required
Translated title	trans-title	An English language title, if the source cited is in a foreign language; 'language' is recommended	Content	optional
Translated chapter	trans-chapter	An English language chapter heading, if the source cited is in a foreign language; 'language' is recommended	String	optional
URL	url URL	The URL of the online location where the text of the publication can be found. Requires schemes of the type "http://..." or maybe even the  protocol relative scheme "//..." Example https://www.nytimes.com/...	Line	suggested
Type	type medium	Additional information about the media type of the source; format in sentence case	String	optional
Format	format	Format of the work referred to by 'url' ('url' is required when using 'format'); examples: PDF, DOC, XLS; do not specify HTML	Content	optional
Work	work journal website newspaper magazine encyclopedia dictionary periodical	Name of the work in which the cited title is found	String	suggested
Chapter	chapter contribution section	The chapter heading of the source	String	optional
Chapter URL	chapter-url contribution-url section-url	The URL for the source chapter	Line	optional
Series	series version	Series identifier when the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal; alias of 'version'	Content	optional
Language	language	The language in which the source is written, if not English; use the full language name; do not use icons or templates	Content	optional
Edition	edition	When the publication has more than one edition; for example: '2nd', 'Revised' etc.; suffixed with ' ed.'	Line	optional
Location of publication	place location	Geographical place of publication; usually not wikilinked; omit when the publication name includes place; alias of 'place'	String	optional
Publisher	publisher	Name of the publisher; displays after title Example [[University of Chicago Press]]	Content	suggested
Place of publication	publication-place place location	Publication place shows after title; if 'place' or 'location' are also given, they are displayed before the title prefixed with 'written at'	Content	optional
Publication date	publication-date	Date of publication when different from the date the work was written; do not wikilink	Date	optional
Volume	volume	For one publication published in several volumes	Line	optional
Issue	issue number	Issue identifier when the source is part of a series that is published periodically	Line	optional
Page	page	Page in the source that supports the content; displays after 'p.'	Line	optional
Pages	pages	Pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source; displays after 'pp.'	Line	suggested
At	at	May be used instead of 'page' or 'pages' where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient	Line	suggested
arXiv identifier	arxiv	An identifier for arXive electronic preprints of scientific papers	Line	optional
ASIN	asin	Amazon Standard Identification Number; 10 characters	Line	optional
ASIN TLD	asin-tld	ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US	Line	optional
Bibcode	bibcode	Bibliographic Reference Code (REFCODE); 19 characters	Line	optional
biorXiv	biorxiv	biorXiv identifier; full doi	Line	optional
CiteSeerX	citeseerx	CiteSeerX identifier; found after the 'doi=' query parameter	Line	optional
DOI	doi	Digital Object Identifier; begins with '10.'	String	optional
DOI broken date	doi-broken-date doi-inactive-date	The date that the DOI was determined to be broken	Date	optional
ISBN	isbn	International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible	Line	optional
ISSN	issn	International Standard Serial Number (print); 8 characters; usually split into two groups of four using a hyphen	Line	optional
jfm code	jfm	Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik classification code	Line	optional
JSTOR	jstor	JSTOR identifier	Line	optional
LCCN	lccn	Library of Congress Control Number	Line	optional
MR	mr	Mathematical Reviews identifier	Line	optional
OCLC	oclc	Online Computer Library Center number	Number	optional
OL	ol	Open Library identifier	Line	optional
OSTI	osti	Office of Scientific and Technical Information identifier	Line	optional
PMC	pmc	PubMed Center article number	Number	optional
PMID	pmid	PubMed Unique Identifier	Line	optional
RFC	rfc	Request for Comments number	Number	optional
SSRN	ssrn	Social Science Research Network	Line	optional
Zbl	zbl	Zentralblatt MATH journal identifier	Line	optional
id	id	A unique identifier used where none of the specialized ones are applicable	Line	optional
Archive URL	archiveurl	The URL of an archived copy of a web page, if or in case the URL becomes unavailable; requires 'archive-date'	Line	optional
Archive date	archivedate	Date when the original URL was archived; do not wikilink	Date	optional
URL access date	access-date	The full date when the original URL was accessed; do not wikilink	Date	optional
Lay summary URL	laysummary	URL link to a non-technical summary or review of the source	Line	optional
Lay source	laysource	Name of the source of the lay URL; displays in italics, preceded by an en dash	String	optional
Lay date	laydate	Date of the summary; displays in parentheses	Date	optional
Quote	quote	Relevant text quoted from the source; displays last, enclosed in quotes; must include terminating punctuation	Content	optional
Postscript	postscript	The closing punctuation for the citation; ignored if 'quote' is defined; to suppress use reserved keyword 'none' Default .	Line	optional
Ref	ref	An anchor identifier; can be made the target of wikilinks to full references; special value 'harv' generates an anchor suitable for the harv and sfn templates	Line	optional