Difference between revisions of "User:Shawndouglas/sandbox/sublevel15"
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*Masonry (i.e., pre-formed bricks, stones, and blocks, of which some may be concrete) | *Masonry (i.e., pre-formed bricks, stones, and blocks, of which some may be concrete) | ||
*Pozzolan (siliceous and aluminous materials that become cementitious when water and calcium hydroxide is added<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Juenger |first=Maria |last2=Provis |first2=John L. |last3=Elsen |first3=Jan |last4=Matthes |first4=Winnie |last5=Hooton |first5=R. Doug |last6=Duchesne |first6=Josée |last7=Courard |first7=Luc |last8=He |first8=Huan |last9=Michel |first9=Frédéric |last10=Snellings |first10=Ruben |last11=Belie |first11=Nele De |date=2012 |title=Supplementary Cementitious Materials for Concrete: Characterization Needs |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1557/opl.2012.1536 |journal=MRS Proceedings |language=en |volume=1488 |pages=imrc12–1488–7b-026 |doi=10.1557/opl.2012.1536 |issn=0272-9172}}</ref>) | *Pozzolan (siliceous and aluminous materials that become cementitious when water and calcium hydroxide is added<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Juenger |first=Maria |last2=Provis |first2=John L. |last3=Elsen |first3=Jan |last4=Matthes |first4=Winnie |last5=Hooton |first5=R. Doug |last6=Duchesne |first6=Josée |last7=Courard |first7=Luc |last8=He |first8=Huan |last9=Michel |first9=Frédéric |last10=Snellings |first10=Ruben |last11=Belie |first11=Nele De |date=2012 |title=Supplementary Cementitious Materials for Concrete: Characterization Needs |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1557/opl.2012.1536 |journal=MRS Proceedings |language=en |volume=1488 |pages=imrc12–1488–7b-026 |doi=10.1557/opl.2012.1536 |issn=0272-9172}}</ref>) | ||
*Wood | *Sprayed fire-resistant material ("passive fire protection material directly applied to structural building members"<ref name="F&RSprayed22">{{cite web |url=https://www.fandr.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/SIC_LINKED-28-Sprayed-Fire-Resistant-Materials-SFRM-Special-Inspections-JAN-2022.pdf |format=PDF |title=Sprayed Fire-Resistant Materials (SFRM) and the Code ...A Heat Discussion |publisher=Froehling & Robertson |date=25 January 2022 |accessdate=21 November 2023}}</ref>) | ||
*Bituminous mixtures (blends of viscous petroleum constituents with aggregates and performance-enhancing additives<ref>{{Citation |last=Widyatmoko |first=I. |date=2016 |title=Sustainability of bituminous materials |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B9780081003701000147 |work=Sustainability of Construction Materials |language=en |publisher=Elsevier |pages=343–370 |doi=10.1016/b978-0-08-100370-1.00014-7 |isbn=978-0-08-100995-6 |accessdate=2023-11-21}}</ref>) | |||
*Emulsified asphalt (an asphalt suspension for lower temperature applications<ref name="PIEmuls">{{cite web |url=https://pavementinteractive.org/reference-desk/materials/asphalt/emulsified-asphalt/ |title=Emulsified Asphalt |work=Pavement Interactive |publisher=Pavement Tools Consortium |accessdate=21 November 2023}}</ref>) and asphalt mixtures | |||
*Iron and steel | |||
*Wood and lumber | |||
*Polymers/foams/adhesives | *Polymers/foams/adhesives | ||
*Composites (i.e., two or more materials bound together that can act as a single material) | *Composites (i.e., two or more materials bound together that can act as a single material) | ||
* | *Rubber products | ||
* | *Fasteners | ||
* | *Wire mesh | ||
*Wire rope | |||
*Welds | |||
*Metal pipeline | |||
*Plastic sewer piping | |||
*Roofing materials | |||
*Fenestration products | |||
Examples: | Examples: | ||
| Line 54: | Line 63: | ||
*https://www.iasonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/TL-893-cert-New.pdf | *https://www.iasonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/TL-893-cert-New.pdf | ||
Examples: | Examples: | ||
Revision as of 18:07, 21 November 2023
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This is sublevel15 of my sandbox, where I play with features and test MediaWiki code. If you wish to leave a comment for me, please see my discussion page instead. |
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Title: What types of testing occur within a construction and engineering laboratory?
Author for citation: Shawn E. Douglas
License for content: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International
Publication date: November 2023
Construction materials and geotechnical testing: The basics
Like any other manufactured materials, construction materials such as fasteners, lumber, and adhesives have a certain level of expectation attached to them, that they will be safe to use, of good quality, and will perform in the way advertised by the manufacturer. And just as in other industries, laboratory testing of these construction materials is an important component of giving consumers more confidence in what they are acquiring and using. Can a bolt used in a bridge sufficiently resist corrosion and maintain sufficient shear strength to fulfill its purpose? Can a 2x8 piece of lumber meet specific strength and density requirements to ensure it can effectively act as header material? Does the pull-off strength claimed by a manufacturer for its construction adhesive actually meet that claim in multiple environments? These and other questions are asked about the physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of construction materials to ensure they are fit for purpose.
But when it comes to construction and engineering, it's more than simply construction materials that need to be tested; the area where the structure itself is going to end up also has characteristics that must be examined. This geotechnical testing (or geotechnical investigation) examines soil and rock for load-bearing and seismic (i.e., engineering) properties to ensure any proposed structure can safely last for a minimum set of time.[1] Geotechnical engineers examine soil and rock mechanics, soil-structure interactions, geomechanics, ground improvement strategies, and various stabilities, as well as characterize geomaterials with laboratory and in situ sampling and analysis.[2] What are the compaction characteristics of the soil and splitting tensile strength of the rock where a bridge is to be constructed? Given the ground characteristics of an environment with both hot and cold temperature extremes, what concrete specification is required to ensure sufficient quality and strength of a section of highway over an extended period of time? What does a consolidation test say about the preparatory work that must be done on a site before a concrete pad for an office tower can be poured? These and other questions drive geotechnical testing and its various physical, chemical, and mechanical tests.
When we examine the construction materials and geotechnical testing laboratories accredited by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), ANSI National Accreditation Board (ANAB), American Association for Laboratory Accreditation (A2LA), and the International Accreditation Service (IAS), we find a vast array of standardized test methods to which labs are accredited to by extension of their ISO/IEC 17025 compliance. The next section examines these accredited laboratories for major clues as to what types of testing occur within those labs.
Types of testing
Examining the scope of accreditation of these types of labs to AASHTO, ANAB, A2LA, and IAS requirements, trends emerge on not only what raw materials are getting tested (e.g., soil, wood, iron) but also what other prepared construction materials are getting tested (e.g., asphalt, concrete, roofing shingles). The following represent only some of the materials being tested by these labs:
- Soil
- Rock
- Aggregate (e.g., gravel, crushed stone, sand)
- Concrete (i.e., base material)
- Masonry (i.e., pre-formed bricks, stones, and blocks, of which some may be concrete)
- Pozzolan (siliceous and aluminous materials that become cementitious when water and calcium hydroxide is added[3])
- Sprayed fire-resistant material ("passive fire protection material directly applied to structural building members"[4])
- Bituminous mixtures (blends of viscous petroleum constituents with aggregates and performance-enhancing additives[5])
- Emulsified asphalt (an asphalt suspension for lower temperature applications[6]) and asphalt mixtures
- Iron and steel
- Wood and lumber
- Polymers/foams/adhesives
- Composites (i.e., two or more materials bound together that can act as a single material)
- Rubber products
- Fasteners
- Wire mesh
- Wire rope
- Welds
- Metal pipeline
- Plastic sewer piping
- Roofing materials
- Fenestration products
Examples:
- http://aashtoresource.org/accreditation-details?LaboratoryID=RBxy*WovGkdE*V
- http://aashtoresource.org/accreditation-details?LaboratoryID=HOt7kpwaZi0*V
- http://aashtoresource.org/accreditation-details?LaboratoryID=tj6P*XOX*Xsa4*V
- http://aashtoresource.org/accreditation-details?LaboratoryID=W8SPNJPHXdQ*V
- http://aashtoresource.org/accreditation-details?LaboratoryID=90hsJ42WzfI*V
- http://aashtoresource.org/accreditation-details?LaboratoryID=3toFJWhKE2Q*V
- https://search.anab.org/public/organization_files/Center-for-Building-Innovation-LLC-Cert-and-Scope-File-01-30-2023_1675103006.pdf
- https://search.anab.org/public/organization_files/Municipal-Testing-Laboratory-Inc-Cert-and-Scope-File-07-07-2023_1688760896.pdf
- https://www.iasonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/TL-196-CERT-New.pdf
- https://www.iasonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/TL-893-cert-New.pdf
Examples:
- https://customer.a2la.org/index.cfm?event=directory.detail&labPID=E80E511B-81E7-48DB-B353-54D995A2BEA4
- https://customer.a2la.org/index.cfm?event=directory.detail&labPID=C07B4C5E-F705-44D4-B348-C6C49A86800D
- https://www.iasonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/TL-656-Cert-new.pdf
- https://www.iasonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/TL-501-Cert-New-1.pdf
- https://www.iasonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/TL-226-CERT-NEW.pdf
Conclusion
References
- ↑ Patel, Anjan (2019), "Geotechnical investigation" (in en), Geotechnical Investigations and Improvement of Ground Conditions (Elsevier): 87–155, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-817048-9.00009-3, ISBN 978-0-12-817048-9, https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B9780128170489000093. Retrieved 21 November 2023
- ↑ "Geotechnical". University of Delaware. 2022. https://ce.udel.edu/research/research-overview/geotechnical/. Retrieved 21 November 2023.
- ↑ Juenger, Maria; Provis, John L.; Elsen, Jan; Matthes, Winnie; Hooton, R. Doug; Duchesne, Josée; Courard, Luc; He, Huan et al. (2012). "Supplementary Cementitious Materials for Concrete: Characterization Needs" (in en). MRS Proceedings 1488: imrc12–1488–7b-026. doi:10.1557/opl.2012.1536. ISSN 0272-9172. http://link.springer.com/10.1557/opl.2012.1536.
- ↑ "Sprayed Fire-Resistant Materials (SFRM) and the Code ...A Heat Discussion" (PDF). Froehling & Robertson. 25 January 2022. https://www.fandr.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/SIC_LINKED-28-Sprayed-Fire-Resistant-Materials-SFRM-Special-Inspections-JAN-2022.pdf. Retrieved 21 November 2023.
- ↑ Widyatmoko, I. (2016), "Sustainability of bituminous materials" (in en), Sustainability of Construction Materials (Elsevier): 343–370, doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-100370-1.00014-7, ISBN 978-0-08-100995-6, https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B9780081003701000147. Retrieved 2023-11-21
- ↑ "Emulsified Asphalt". Pavement Interactive. Pavement Tools Consortium. https://pavementinteractive.org/reference-desk/materials/asphalt/emulsified-asphalt/. Retrieved 21 November 2023.
