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==1. Introduction to manufacturing laboratories==
==1. Introduction to manufacturing laboratories==
According to McKinsey & Company, the U.S. manufacturing industry represents only 11 percent of U.S. gross domestic product (GDP) and eight percent of direct employment, yet it "makes a disproportionate economic contribution, including 20 percent of the nation’s capital investment, 35 percent of productivity growth, 60 percent of exports, and 70 percent of business R&D spending."<ref name="CarrDeliver22">{{cite web |url=https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/operations/our-insights/delivering-the-us-manufacturing-renaissance |title=Delivering the US manufacturing renaissance |author=Carr, T.; Chewning, E.; Doheny, M. et al. |work=McKinsey & Company |date=29 August 2022 |accessdate=24 March 2023}}</ref> These categories of economic contribution are important as many of them indirectly point to how the work of [[Laboratory|laboratories]] is interwoven within the manufacturing industry. As we'll discuss later in this chapter, manufacturing-based laboratories primarily serve three roles: research and development (R&D), pre-manufacturing and manufacturing, and post-production regulation and security (e.g., through exports and trade). We can be sure that if U.S. manufacturers' efforts represent huge chunks of total business R&D spending, trade, and capital expenditure (capex), a non-trivial amount of laboratory effort is associated with that spending. Why? Because R&D, trade, and manufacturing [[quality control]] (QC) activities rarely can occur without laboratories backing up their work.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ischi |first=H. P. |last2=Radvila |first2=P. R. |date=1997-01-17 |title=Accreditation and quality assurance in Swiss chemical laboratories |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s007690050092 |journal=Accreditation and Quality Assurance |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=36–39 |doi=10.1007/s007690050092 |issn=0949-1775}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Crow |first=Michael M. |last2=Bozeman |first2=Barry |date=1998 |title=Limited by design: R&D laboratories in the U.S. national innovation system |url=https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=OVPZvqz2e6UC |chapter=Chapter 1: The Sixteen Thousand: Policy Analysis, R&D Laboratories, and the National Innovation System |publisher=Columbia University Press |place=New York |pages=1–40 |isbn=978-0-585-04137-7}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Grochau |first=Inês Hexsel |last2=ten Caten |first2=Carla Schwengber |date=2012-10 |title=A process approach to ISO/IEC 17025 in the implementation of a quality management system in testing laboratories |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00769-012-0905-3 |journal=Accreditation and Quality Assurance |language=en |volume=17 |issue=5 |pages=519–527 |doi=10.1007/s00769-012-0905-3 |issn=0949-1775}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ribeiro, À.S.; Gust, J.; Vilhena, A. et al. |year=2019 |title=The role of laboratories in the international development of accreditation |url=https://www.imeko.info/index.php/proceedings/7687-the-role-of-laboratories-in-the-international-development-of-accreditation |journal=Proceedings of the 16th IMEKO TC10 Conference "Testing, Diagnostics & Inspection as a comprehensive value chain for Quality & Safety" |pages=56–9}}</ref>
According to McKinsey & Company, the U.S. manufacturing industry represents only 11 percent of U.S. gross domestic product (GDP) and eight percent of direct employment, yet it "makes a disproportionate economic contribution, including 20 percent of the nation’s capital investment, 35 percent of productivity growth, 60 percent of exports, and 70 percent of business R&D spending."<ref name="CarrDeliver22">{{cite web |url=https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/operations/our-insights/delivering-the-us-manufacturing-renaissance |title=Delivering the US manufacturing renaissance |author=Carr, T.; Chewning, E.; Doheny, M. et al. |work=McKinsey & Company |date=29 August 2022 |accessdate=24 March 2023}}</ref> These categories of economic contribution are important as many of them indirectly point to how the work of [[Laboratory|laboratories]] is interwoven within the manufacturing industry. As we'll discuss later in this chapter, manufacturing-based laboratories primarily serve three roles: research and development (R&D), pre-manufacturing and manufacturing, and post-production regulation and security (e.g., through exports and trade). We can be sure that if U.S. manufacturers' efforts represent huge chunks of total business R&D spending, trade, and capital expenditure (capex), a non-trivial amount of laboratory effort is associated with that spending. Why? Because R&D, trade, and manufacturing [[quality control]] (QC) activities rarely can occur without laboratories backing up their work.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ischi |first=H. P. |last2=Radvila |first2=P. R. |date=1997-01-17 |title=Accreditation and quality assurance in Swiss chemical laboratories |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s007690050092 |journal=Accreditation and Quality Assurance |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=36–39 |doi=10.1007/s007690050092 |issn=0949-1775}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Crow |first=Michael M. |last2=Bozeman |first2=Barry |date=1998 |title=Limited by design: R&D laboratories in the U.S. national innovation system |url=https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=OVPZvqz2e6UC |chapter=Chapter 1: The Sixteen Thousand: Policy Analysis, R&D Laboratories, and the National Innovation System |publisher=Columbia University Press |place=New York |pages=1–40 |isbn=978-0-585-04137-7}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Grochau |first=Inês Hexsel |last2=ten Caten |first2=Carla Schwengber |date=2012-10 |title=A process approach to ISO/IEC 17025 in the implementation of a quality management system in testing laboratories |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00769-012-0905-3 |journal=Accreditation and Quality Assurance |language=en |volume=17 |issue=5 |pages=519–527 |doi=10.1007/s00769-012-0905-3 |issn=0949-1775}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ribeiro, À.S.; Gust, J.; Vilhena, A. et al. |year=2019 |title=The role of laboratories in the international development of accreditation |url=https://www.imeko.info/index.php/proceedings/7687-the-role-of-laboratories-in-the-international-development-of-accreditation |journal=Proceedings of the 16th IMEKO TC10 Conference "Testing, Diagnostics & Inspection as a comprehensive value chain for Quality & Safety" |pages=56–9}}</ref>
<references />


Labs in the manufacturing sector provide vital services, including but not limited to [[quality assurance]] (QA), QC, production control, regulatory trade control (e.g., authenticity and adulteration), safety management, label claim testing, and packaging analysis. These activities occur in a countless number of manufacturing industries, including:
Labs in the manufacturing sector provide vital services, including but not limited to [[quality assurance]] (QA), QC, production control, regulatory trade control (e.g., authenticity and adulteration), safety management, label claim testing, and packaging analysis. These activities occur in a countless number of manufacturing industries, including:

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1. Introduction to manufacturing laboratories

According to McKinsey & Company, the U.S. manufacturing industry represents only 11 percent of U.S. gross domestic product (GDP) and eight percent of direct employment, yet it "makes a disproportionate economic contribution, including 20 percent of the nation’s capital investment, 35 percent of productivity growth, 60 percent of exports, and 70 percent of business R&D spending."[1] These categories of economic contribution are important as many of them indirectly point to how the work of laboratories is interwoven within the manufacturing industry. As we'll discuss later in this chapter, manufacturing-based laboratories primarily serve three roles: research and development (R&D), pre-manufacturing and manufacturing, and post-production regulation and security (e.g., through exports and trade). We can be sure that if U.S. manufacturers' efforts represent huge chunks of total business R&D spending, trade, and capital expenditure (capex), a non-trivial amount of laboratory effort is associated with that spending. Why? Because R&D, trade, and manufacturing quality control (QC) activities rarely can occur without laboratories backing up their work.[2][3][4][5]

Labs in the manufacturing sector provide vital services, including but not limited to quality assurance (QA), QC, production control, regulatory trade control (e.g., authenticity and adulteration), safety management, label claim testing, and packaging analysis. These activities occur in a countless number of manufacturing industries, including:

  • cannabis products (e.g., extracts, edibles, beverages)
  • chemical and petrochemical solutions (e.g., solvents, dyes, fuel additives, biofuels)
  • clothing and textiles (e.g., carpeting, upholstery, garments, bulk textiles, paper)
  • construction materials (e.g., brick,
  • electrochemical solutions (e.g., energy storage cells)
  • electronics (e.g., sensors, components, electrodes, mobile devices)
  • food and beverage products (e.g., canned goods, alcoholic drinks, probiotics)
  • health and wellbeing products (e.g., nutraceuticals and dietary supplements)
  • materials (e.g., ceramics, lightweight carbon, nanostructures, Kevlar)
  • medical solutions (e.g., lab-on-a-chip, implants, pharmaceuticals, antivenom)
  • metal-casted solutions (e.g., pipes, pumps, rotational blades)
  • vehicular and aerospace (e.g., electric vehicles, reusable rocketry)

References

  1. ↑ Carr, T.; Chewning, E.; Doheny, M. et al. (29 August 2022). "Delivering the US manufacturing renaissance". McKinsey & Company. https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/operations/our-insights/delivering-the-us-manufacturing-renaissance. Retrieved 24 March 2023. 
  2. ↑ Ischi, H. P.; Radvila, P. R. (17 January 1997). "Accreditation and quality assurance in Swiss chemical laboratories". Accreditation and Quality Assurance 2 (1): 36–39. doi:10.1007/s007690050092. ISSN 0949-1775. http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s007690050092. 
  3. ↑ Crow, Michael M.; Bozeman, Barry (1998). "Chapter 1: The Sixteen Thousand: Policy Analysis, R&D Laboratories, and the National Innovation System". Limited by design: R&D laboratories in the U.S. national innovation system. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 1–40. ISBN 978-0-585-04137-7. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=OVPZvqz2e6UC. 
  4. ↑ Grochau, Inês Hexsel; ten Caten, Carla Schwengber (1 October 2012). "A process approach to ISO/IEC 17025 in the implementation of a quality management system in testing laboratories" (in en). Accreditation and Quality Assurance 17 (5): 519–527. doi:10.1007/s00769-012-0905-3. ISSN 0949-1775. http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00769-012-0905-3. 
  5. ↑ Ribeiro, À.S.; Gust, J.; Vilhena, A. et al. (2019). "The role of laboratories in the international development of accreditation". Proceedings of the 16th IMEKO TC10 Conference "Testing, Diagnostics & Inspection as a comprehensive value chain for Quality & Safety": 56–9. https://www.imeko.info/index.php/proceedings/7687-the-role-of-laboratories-in-the-international-development-of-accreditation. 
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