Difference between revisions of "Circular dichroism"

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'''Circular dichroism (CD)''' refers to the differential absorption of left and right [[circular polarization|circularly polarized]] light.<ref>{{cite book|author=P. Atkins and J. de Paula|title= Elements of Physical Chemistry, 4th ed.|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2005|isbn=0716773295}}</ref><ref name="E. I. Solomon and A. B. P. Lever 2006 78">{{cite book|author1=Edward I. Solomon|author2=A. B. P. Lever|title=Inorganic electronic structure and spectroscopy|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=C7KaQgAACAAJ|accessdate=29 April 2011|date=3 February 2006|publisher=Wiley-Interscience|isbn=9780471971245|page=78}}</ref> This phenomenon was discovered by [[Jean-Baptiste Biot]], [[Augustin Fresnel]], and [[Aimé Cotton]] in the first half of the 19th century.<ref>{{cite book|author=Gerald D. Fasman|title=Circular dichroism and the conformational analysis of biomolecules|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ivc0FaowEYMC&pg=PA3|accessdate=29 April 2011|year=1996|publisher=Springer|isbn=9780306451423|pages=3–}}</ref> It is exhibited in the [[absorption (electromagnetic radiation)|absorption bands]] of [[optical activity|optically active]] [[chirality (chemistry)|chiral]] molecules. CD [[spectroscopy]] has a wide range of applications in many different fields. Most notably, UV CD is used to investigate the [[secondary structure]] of proteins.<ref name=b1>{{cite book|author1=Kōji Nakanishi|author2=Nina Berova|author3=Robert Woody|title=Circular dichroism: principles and applications|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=aNWjQgAACAAJ|accessdate=29 April 2011|year=1994|publisher=VCH|isbn=9781560816188|page=473}}</ref> UV/Vis CD is used to investigate [[charge-transfer complex|charge-transfer transitions]].<ref>{{cite journal|first=Neidig|last=Solomon| coauthors=A. T. Wecksler, G. Schenk, and T. R. Holman|title= Kinetic and Spectroscopic Studies of N694C Lipoxygenase: A Probe of the Substrate Activation Mechanism of a Nonheme Ferric Enzyme| journal=J. Amer. Chem. Soc.| volume=129|pages=7531–7537|year=2007|doi=10.1021/ja068503d|pmc=2896304|pmid=17523638|issue=24}}</ref> Near-infrared CD is used to investigate geometric and electronic structure by probing metal [[D orbital|d]]→[[D orbital|d]] transitions.<ref name="E. I. Solomon and A. B. P. Lever 2006 78"/> [[Vibrational circular dichroism]], which uses light from the infrared energy region, is used for structural studies of small organic molecules, and most recently proteins and DNA.<ref name=b1/>
'''Circular dichroism (CD)''' refers to the differential absorption of left and right [[circular polarization|circularly polarized]] light.<ref>{{cite book|author=P. Atkins and J. de Paula|title= Elements of Physical Chemistry, 4th ed.|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2005|isbn=0716773295}}</ref><ref name="E. I. Solomon and A. B. P. Lever 2006 78">{{cite book|author1=Edward I. Solomon|author2=A. B. P. Lever|title=Inorganic electronic structure and spectroscopy|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=C7KaQgAACAAJ|accessdate=29 April 2011|date=3 February 2006|publisher=Wiley-Interscience|isbn=9780471971245|page=78}}</ref> This phenomenon was discovered by [[Jean-Baptiste Biot]], [[Augustin Fresnel]], and [[Aimé Cotton]] in the first half of the 19th century.<ref>{{cite book|author=Gerald D. Fasman|title=Circular dichroism and the conformational analysis of biomolecules|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ivc0FaowEYMC&pg=PA3|accessdate=29 April 2011|year=1996|publisher=Springer|isbn=9780306451423|pages=3–}}</ref> It is exhibited in the [[absorption (electromagnetic radiation)|absorption bands]] of [[optical activity|optically active]] [[chirality (chemistry)|chiral]] molecules.  
 
==Circular dichroism spectroscopy==
CD [[spectroscopy]] has a wide range of applications in many different fields. Most notably, UV CD is used to investigate the [[secondary structure]] of proteins.<ref name=b1>{{cite book|author1=Kōji Nakanishi|author2=Nina Berova|author3=Robert Woody|title=Circular dichroism: principles and applications|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=aNWjQgAACAAJ|accessdate=29 April 2011|year=1994|publisher=VCH|isbn=9781560816188|page=473}}</ref> UV/Vis CD is used to investigate [[charge-transfer complex|charge-transfer transitions]].<ref>{{cite journal|first=Neidig|last=Solomon| coauthors=A. T. Wecksler, G. Schenk, and T. R. Holman|title= Kinetic and Spectroscopic Studies of N694C Lipoxygenase: A Probe of the Substrate Activation Mechanism of a Nonheme Ferric Enzyme| journal=J. Amer. Chem. Soc.| volume=129|pages=7531–7537|year=2007|doi=10.1021/ja068503d|pmc=2896304|pmid=17523638|issue=24}}</ref> Near-infrared CD is used to investigate geometric and electronic structure by probing metal [[D orbital|d]]→[[D orbital|d]] transitions.<ref name="E. I. Solomon and A. B. P. Lever 2006 78"/> [[Vibrational circular dichroism]], which uses light from the infrared energy region, is used for structural studies of small organic molecules, and most recently proteins and DNA.<ref name=b1/>


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 17:32, 6 August 2014

Circular dichroism (CD) refers to the differential absorption of left and right circularly polarized light.[1][2] This phenomenon was discovered by Jean-Baptiste Biot, Augustin Fresnel, and Aimé Cotton in the first half of the 19th century.[3] It is exhibited in the absorption bands of optically active chiral molecules.

Circular dichroism spectroscopy

CD spectroscopy has a wide range of applications in many different fields. Most notably, UV CD is used to investigate the secondary structure of proteins.[4] UV/Vis CD is used to investigate charge-transfer transitions.[5] Near-infrared CD is used to investigate geometric and electronic structure by probing metal d→d transitions.[2] Vibrational circular dichroism, which uses light from the infrared energy region, is used for structural studies of small organic molecules, and most recently proteins and DNA.[4]

References

  1. ↑ P. Atkins and J. de Paula (2005). Elements of Physical Chemistry, 4th ed.. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0716773295. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Edward I. Solomon; A. B. P. Lever (3 February 2006). Inorganic electronic structure and spectroscopy. Wiley-Interscience. p. 78. ISBN 9780471971245. http://books.google.com/books?id=C7KaQgAACAAJ. Retrieved 29 April 2011. 
  3. ↑ Gerald D. Fasman (1996). Circular dichroism and the conformational analysis of biomolecules. Springer. pp. 3–. ISBN 9780306451423. http://books.google.com/books?id=ivc0FaowEYMC&pg=PA3. Retrieved 29 April 2011. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Kōji Nakanishi; Nina Berova; Robert Woody (1994). Circular dichroism: principles and applications. VCH. p. 473. ISBN 9781560816188. http://books.google.com/books?id=aNWjQgAACAAJ. Retrieved 29 April 2011. 
  5. ↑ Solomon, Neidig; A. T. Wecksler, G. Schenk, and T. R. Holman (2007). "Kinetic and Spectroscopic Studies of N694C Lipoxygenase: A Probe of the Substrate Activation Mechanism of a Nonheme Ferric Enzyme". J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 129 (24): 7531–7537. doi:10.1021/ja068503d. PMC 2896304. PMID 17523638. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2896304. 
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