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| ==4. Final thoughts and additional resources== | | <div class="nonumtoc">__TOC__</div> |
| ===4.1 Final thoughts=== | | {{ombox |
| In the relatively brief time since it has started, the COVID-19 pandemic has brought with it numerous challenges for society to face. How poised is a state and national government to truly lend assistance to its citizens in the face of a crisis? How does the increasing divide between the "haves" and "have nots", and the associated economic structures that lend to them, reveal the fragility of our society? What more can be done to fund epidemiology research? How can we improve our healthcare system to be better equipped to handle communicable disease response and better funded to provide more social services to a broader base of people? And what lessons can be learned from the successes and failures of providing accurate, responsive laboratory testing during pandemics?
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| | | text = This is sublevel35 of my sandbox, where I play with features and test MediaWiki code. If you wish to leave a comment for me, please see [[User_talk:Shawndouglas|my discussion page]] instead.<p></p> |
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| We've learned that the family of coronaviruses can be disruptive to humanity with past brushes with SARS and MERS, yet we arguably [https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg24532724-700-we-were-warned-so-why-couldnt-we-prevent-the-coronavirus-outbreak/ haven't done enough] to research these and similar viruses to be more prepared. We were perhaps [https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2004.1487 fortunate in some ways] that SARS wasn't worse than it proved to be. However, responses by the World Health Organization (WHO), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and other organizations and agencies around the world during the SARS and MERS outbreaks laid the foundations for laboratory testing a novel coronavirus like SARS-CoV-2. R
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| ===4.2 Key guidance documents=== | |
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| * {{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-nCoV/hcp/clinical-criteria.html |title=Evaluating and Testing Persons for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) |author=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |date=24 March 2020}}
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| * {{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-nCoV/lab/guidelines-clinical-specimens.html |title=Interim Guidelines for Collecting, Handling, and Testing Clinical Specimens from Persons for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) |author=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |date=24 March 2020}}
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| * {{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-nCoV/lab/lab-biosafety-guidelines.html |title=Interim Laboratory Biosafety Guidelines for Handling and Processing Specimens Associated with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) |author=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |date=31 March 2020}}
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| * {{cite web |url=https://www.osha.gov/Publications/OSHA3990.pdf |format=PDF |title=Guidance on Preparing Workplaces for COVID-19 |work=OSHA 3990-03 2020 |author=Occupational Safety and Health Administration |publisher=Occupational Safety and Health Administration |date=March 2020}}
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| * {{cite web |url=https://www.paho.org/en/file/61863/download?token=4nO-2lxQ |format=PDF |title=Laboratory Guidelines for the Detection and Diagnosis of COVID-19 Virus Infection |author=Pan American Health Organization |publisher=Pan American Health Organization |date=30 March 2020}}
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| * {{cite web |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/wuhan-novel-coronavirus-guidance-for-clinical-diagnostic-laboratories |title=COVID-19: Guidance for sampling and for diagnostic laboratories |author=Public Health England |publisher=U.K Government |date=03 April 2020}}
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| * {{cite web |url=https://www.health.gov.au/resources/publications/phln-guidance-on-laboratory-testing-for-sars-cov-2-the-virus-that-causes-covid-19 |title=PHLN guidance on laboratory testing for SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19) |author=Public Health Laboratory Network |publisher=Department of Health, Australian Government |date=01 April 2020}}
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| * {{cite web |url=https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/enforcement-policy-face-masks-and-respirators-during-coronavirus-disease-covid-19-public-health |title=Enforcement Policy for Face Masks and Respirators During the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Public Health Emergency |work=FDA-2020-D-1138-0013 |author=U.S. Food and Drug Administration |publisher=U.S. Food and Drug Administration |date=25 March 2020}}
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| * {{cite web |url=https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/enforcement-policy-gowns-other-apparel-and-gloves-during-coronavirus-disease-covid-19-public-health |title=Enforcement Policy for Gowns, Other Apparel, and Gloves During the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Public Health Emergency |work=FDA-2020-D-1138-0023 |author=U.S. Food and Drug Administration |publisher=U.S. Food and Drug Administration |date=30 March 2020}}
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| * {{cite web |url=https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/policy-diagnostic-tests-coronavirus-disease-2019-during-public-health-emergency |title=Policy for Diagnostic Tests for Coronavirus Disease-2019 during the Public Health Emergency |work=FDA-2020-D-0987-0012 |author=U.S. Food and Drug Administration |publisher=U.S. Food and Drug Administration |date=16 March 2020}}
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| * {{cite web |url=https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/331500 |title=Laboratory biosafety guidance related to coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Interim guidance, 19 March 2020 |work=WHO/WPE/GIH/2020.2 |author=World Health Organization, et al. |publisher=World Health Organization |date=19 March 2020}}
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| * {{cite web |url=https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/331501 |title=Laboratory testing for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in suspected human cases: Interim guidance, 19 March 2020 |work=WHO/COVID-19/laboratory/2020.5 |author=World Health Organization, et al. |publisher=World Health Organization |date=19 March 2020}}
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| ===4.3 Web portals===
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| ====4.3.1 U.S. agency portals====
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| * [https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/index.html Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) - Information for Healthcare Professionals] (CDC)
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| * [https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-nCoV/lab/index.html Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) - Information for Laboratories] (CDC)
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| * [https://www.fda.gov/emergency-preparedness-and-response/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19/covid-19-related-guidance-documents-industry-fda-staff-and-other-stakeholders COVID-19-Related Guidance Documents for Industry, FDA Staff, and Other Stakeholders] (FDA)
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| * [https://www.fema.gov/coronavirus Coronavirus (COVID-19) Response] (FEMA)
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| ====4.3.2 U.S. state and territory portals====
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| * [https://governor.alabama.gov/newsroom/covid-19/ Alabama]
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| * [http://dhss.alaska.gov/dph/Epi/id/Pages/COVID-19/default.aspx Alaska]
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| * [https://az.gov/government-0 Arizona]
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| * [https://govstatus.egov.com/ar-covid-19 Arkansas]
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| * [https://covid19.ca.gov/ California]
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| * [https://covid19.colorado.gov/ Colorado]
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| * [https://portal.ct.gov/coronavirus Connecticut]
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| * [https://coronavirus.delaware.gov/ Delaware]
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| * [https://coronavirus.dc.gov/ District of Columbia]
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| * [https://floridahealthcovid19.gov/ Florida]
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| * [https://georgia.gov/covid-19-state-services-georgia Georgia]
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| * [https://hawaiicovid19.com/ Hawaii]
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| * [https://coronavirus.idaho.gov/ Idaho]
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| * [https://coronavirus.illinois.gov/ Illinois]
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| * [https://coronavirus.in.gov/ Indiana]
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| * [https://coronavirus.iowa.gov/ Iowa]
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| * [https://govstatus.egov.com/coronavirus Kansas]
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| * [https://govstatus.egov.com/kycovid19 Kentucky]
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| * [https://gov.louisiana.gov/coronavirus/ Louisiana]
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| * [https://www.maine.gov/governor/mills/covid-19 Maine]
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| * [https://coronavirus.maryland.gov/ Maryland]
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| * [https://www.mass.gov/info-details/covid-19-updates-and-information Massachusetts]
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| * [https://www.michigan.gov/coronavirus/ Michigan]
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| * [https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/coronavirus/index.html Minnesota]
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| * [https://www.coronavirus.ms.gov/ Mississippi]
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| * [https://health.mo.gov/living/healthcondiseases/communicable/novel-coronavirus/ Missouri]
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| * [https://covid19.mt.gov/ Montana]
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| * [http://dhhs.ne.gov/Pages/Coronavirus.aspx Nebraska]
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| * [https://nvhealthresponse.nv.gov/ Nevada]
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| * [https://www.nh.gov/covid19/ New Hampshire]
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| * [https://covid19.nj.gov/ New Jersey]
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| * [https://www.newmexico.gov/ New Mexico]
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| * [https://coronavirus.health.ny.gov/home New York]
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| * [https://www.ncdhhs.gov/divisions/public-health/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19-response-north-carolina North Carolina]
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| * [https://ndresponse.gov/covid-19-resources North Dakota]
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| * [https://coronavirus.ohio.gov/wps/portal/gov/covid-19/home Ohio]
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| * [https://coronavirus.health.ok.gov/ Oklahoma]
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| * [https://govstatus.egov.com/or-covid-19 Oregon]
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| * [https://www.pa.gov/guides/responding-to-covid-19/ Pennsylvania]
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| * [https://health.ri.gov/covid/ Rhode Island]
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| * [https://www.scdhec.gov/infectious-diseases/viruses/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19 South Carolina]
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| * [https://covid.sd.gov/ South Dakota]
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| * [https://www.tn.gov/governor/covid-19.html Tennessee]
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| * [https://texas.gov/#covid19 Texas]
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| * [https://coronavirus.utah.gov/ Utah]
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| * [https://www.healthvermont.gov/response/infectious-disease/2019-novel-coronavirus Vermont]
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| * [https://www.virginia.gov/coronavirus/ Virginia]
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| * [https://coronavirus.wa.gov/ Washington]
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| * [https://dhhr.wv.gov/COVID-19/Pages/default.aspx West Virginia]
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| * [https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/covid-19/index.htm Wisconsin]
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| * [https://covid19.wyo.gov/ Wyoming]
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| '''U.S. territories'''
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| * [https://www.americansamoa.gov/ American Samoa]
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| * [http://dphss.guam.gov/covid-19/ Guam]
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| * [https://www.chcc.gov.mp/coronavirusinformation.php Northern Mariana Islands]
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| * [http://salud.gov.pr/Pages/coronavirus.aspx Puerto Rico]
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| * [https://doh.vi.gov/covid19usvi Virgin Islands]
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| ====4.3.3 Other national and multinational portals====
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| * [https://www.australia.gov.au/ Australian Government]
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| * [https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/novel-coronavirus/laboratory-support European CDC]
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| * [https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/coronavirus-disease-covid-19.html Government of Canada]
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| * [https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/seisakunitsuite/bunya/newpage_00032.html Government of Japan]
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| * [https://coronavirus.gob.mx/ Government of México]
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| '''World Health Organization (WHO) and regionals'''
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| * [https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019 WHO]
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| * [https://www.afro.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus-covid-19 WHO Africa]
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| * [https://www.paho.org/en/topics/coronavirus-infections/coronavirus-disease-covid-19 WHO Americas]
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| * [http://www.emro.who.int/health-topics/corona-virus/index.html WHO Eastern Mediterranean]
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| * [http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-emergencies/coronavirus-covid-19 WHO Europe]
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| * [https://www.who.int/southeastasia/outbreaks-and-emergencies/novel-coronavirus-2019 WHO South-East Asia]
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| * [https://www.who.int/westernpacific/emergencies/covid-19 WHO Western Pacific]
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| ===4.4 Key journal articles===
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| * {{cite journal |title=Testing Individuals for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) |journal=JAMA |author=Hadaya, J.; Schumm, M.; Livingston, E.H. |year=2020 |doi=10.1001/jama.2020.5388 |pmid=32236503}}
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| * {{cite journal |title=Safety considerations in the laboratory testing of specimens suspected or known to contain the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) |journal=American Journal of Clinical Pathology |author=Iwen, P.C.; Stiles, K.L.; Pantella, M.A. |at=aqaa047 |year=2020 |doi=10.1093/ajcp/aqaa047 |pmid=32190890}}
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| * {{cite journal |title=Laboratory diagnosis of emerging human coronavirus infections – The state of the art |journal=Emerging Microbes & Infections |author=Loeffelholz, M.J.; Tang, T.-W. |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=747–56 |year=2020 |doi=10.1080/22221751.2020.1745095 |pmid=32196430}}
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| https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/Overview-rapid-test-situation-for-COVID-19-diagnosis-EU-EEA.pdf
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| ===4.5 Public health lab directory===
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| * https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2846798/
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| * https://www.aphl.org/membership/Pages/memberlabs.aspx
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| ===4.6 National and global resources===
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| * http://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/resources/COVID-19/Serology-based-tests-for-COVID-19.html
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| ===4.7 Public health laboratory informatics solutions===
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