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| ==2. Diagnostic testing of COVID-19== | | <div class="nonumtoc">__TOC__</div> |
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| | | ==Sandbox begins below== |
| ===2.1 Testing conducted on previous coronaviruses=== | |
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| ====2.1.1 Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)====
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| This disease arose in South China in late 2002. Caused by the SARS caronavirus (SARS-CoV) and believed to have originated from horseshoe bats<ref name="McKieScientists17">{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/dec/10/sars-virus-bats-china-severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome |title=Scientists trace 2002 Sars virus to colony of cave-dwelling bats in China |author=McKie, R. |work=The Guardian |date=09 December 2017 |accessdate=03 April 2020}}</ref>, SARS eventually was contained in the summer of 2003. The last known infection was in April 2004, due to a laboratory accident.<ref name="NormileMounting04">{{cite journal |title=Mounting Lab Accidents Raise SARS Fears |journal=Science |author=Normile, D. |volume304 |issue=5671 |pages=659–61 |year=2004 |doi=10.1126/science.304.5671.659 |pmid=15118129}}</ref> During that time, the following sample collection and test procedures evolved from the related outbreaks<ref name="NYSDHLab04">{{cite web |url=https://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/communicable/sars/sars_reporting/attachment_6_dear_doctor_lab.htm |title=Laboratory Testing for SARS |author=New York State Department of Health |publisher=State of New York |date=February 2004 |accessdate=03 April 2020}}</ref><ref name="CDCSevere04">{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/sars/guidance/f-lab/downloads/F-lab-full.pdf |format=PDF |title=Public Health Guidance for Community-Level Preparedness and Response to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Version 2 - Supplement F: Laboratory Guidance |author=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |date=21 May 2004 |accessdate=03 April 2020}}</ref><ref name="KnoblerLearning04">{{cite book |chapter=Appendix C: In the absence of SARS-CoV transmission worldwide: Guidance for surveillance, clinical and laboratory evaluation, and reporting |title=Learning from SARS: Preparing for the Next Disease Outbreak |editor=Knobler, S.; Mahmoud, A.; Lemon, S. et al. |publisher=National Academies Press |pages=292–302 |year=2004 |isbn=9780309182157 |doi=10.17226/10915}}</ref><ref name="WHO_SARSInt04">{{cite web |url=http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/en/SARSReferenceLab.pdf |title=WHO SARS International Reference and Verification Laboratory Network: Policy and Procedures in the Inter-Epidemic Period |author=World Health Organization |publisher=World Health Organization |date=23 January 2004 |accessdate=03 April 2020}}</ref><ref name="LiangLab04">{{cite journal |title=Laboratory Diagnosis of Four Recent Sporadic Cases of Community-acquired SARS, Guangdong Province, China |journal=Emerging Infectious Diseases |author=Liang, G.; Chen, Q.; Xu, J. et al. |volume=10 |issue=10 |pages=1774–81 |year=2004 |doi=10.3201/eid1010.040445 |pmid=15504263 |pmc=PMC3323270}}</ref>:
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| * Determine that the patient is indicating clinical and/or epidemiological evidence of SARS.
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| * Collect multiple specimen types at different time points of the patient's illness. Respiratory and plasma or serum specimens should be collected early into the first week of illness. Respiratory samples should be from [[Nasopharyngeal swab|nasopharyngeal aspirates and swabs]] in the upper respiratory tract, or in some cases fluids from the lower respiratory tract using [[bronchoalveolar lavage]], tracheal aspiration, or a pleural tap. Whole blood (5 to 10 ml) is collected into either a serum separator tube for blood serum or EDTA tube for blood plasma. Stool samples are also of import early on for virus isolation or detection and are useful in at least the first and second weeks of the illness. Blood serum is usefull in weeks two and three for detecting a rising titre.
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| ===2.2 Organizational and agency guidance on COVID-19 testing===
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| ===2.3 Current test kits and their differences===
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| ===2.4 Regulatory and recommended requirements for reporting test results===
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| ==References==
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| {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
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