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	What follows are a carefully selected set of "questions" for cloud computing and cloud-related providers posed as, well, requests for information. This collection of questions is admittedly long. Keeping with advice about maintaining a concise RFI, you may not use all of these as part of your RFI process. Remember that an RFI is not meant to answer all of your questions, but rather is meant as a means to help narrow down your search to a few quality candidates while learning more about each other.<ref name="HolmesItsAMatch" /> Feel free to narrow this list down to those questions that are most important to you as part of this fact finding mission.		What follows are a carefully selected set of "questions" for cloud computing and cloud-related providers posed as, well, requests for information. This collection of questions is admittedly long. Keeping with advice about maintaining a concise RFI, you may not use all of these as part of your RFI process. Remember that an RFI is not meant to answer all of your questions, but rather is meant as a means to help narrow down your search to a few quality candidates while learning more about each other.<ref name="HolmesItsAMatch" /> Feel free to narrow this list down to those questions that are most important to you as part of this fact finding mission.

	Sources used to compile this selection of RFI questions include the six sources from section 6.4 (including APHL, Interfocus, ''Lab Manager'', LBMC, and Thomson Reuters)<ref name="APHLBreaking17">{{cite web \|url=https://www.aphl.org/aboutAPHL/publications/Documents/INFO-2017Jun-Cloud-Computing.pdf \|format=PDF \|title=Breaking Through the Cloud: A Laboratory Guide to Cloud Computing \|author=Association of Public Health Laboratories \|publisher=Association of Public Health Laboratories \|date=2017 \|accessdate=14 August 2023}}</ref><ref name="IFAhelp20">{{cite web \|url=https://www.mynewlab.com/blog/a-helpful-guide-to-cloud-computing-in-a-laboratory/ \|title=A Helpful Guide to Cloud Computing in a Laboratory \|work=InterFocus Blog \|publisher=InterFocus Ltd \|date=05 October 2020 \|accessdate=14 August 2023}}</ref><ref name="LBMCNine21">{{cite web \|url=https://www.lbmc.com/blog/questions-cloud-service-providers/ \|title=Nine Due Diligence Questions to Ask Cloud Service Providers \|author=LBMC \|work=LBMC Blog \|date=24 February 2021 \|accessdate=14 August 2023}}</ref><ref name="WardCloud19">{{cite web \|url=https://www.labmanager.com/cloud-computing-for-the-laboratory-736 \|title=Cloud Computing for the Laboratory: Using data in the cloud - What it means for data security \|author=Ward, S. \|work=Lab Manager \|date=09 October 2019 \|accessdate=14 August 2023}}</ref><ref name="EusticeUnder18">{{cite web \|url=https://legal.thomsonreuters.com/en/insights/articles/understanding-data-privacy-and-cloud-computing \|title=Understand the intersection between data privacy laws and cloud computing \|author=Eustice, J.C. \|work=Legal Technology, Products, and Services \|publisher=Thomson Reuters \|date=2018 \|accessdate=14 August 2023}}</ref><ref name="TRThree21">{{cite web \|url=https://legal.thomsonreuters.com/blog/3-questions-you-need-to-ask-your-cloud-vendors/ \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210406150957/https://legal.thomsonreuters.com/blog/3-questions-you-need-to-ask-your-cloud-vendors/ \|title=Three questions you need to ask your cloud vendors \|author=Thomson Reuters \|work=Thomson Reuters Legal Blog \|archivedate=03 March 2021 \|date=03 March 2021 \|accessdate=14 August 2023}}</ref>, the five sources from the managed security services provider (MSSP) RFI/RFP template included in Appendix 3 of this guide (there's a lot of crossover, actually)<ref name="Korff12Rev19">{{cite web \|url=https://expel.com/blog/12-revealing-questions-when-evaluating-mssp-mdr-vendor/ \|title=12 revealing questions to ask when evaluating an MSSP or MDR vendor \|author=Korff, Y. \|work=Expel blog \|publisher=Expel, Inc \|date=19 February 2019 \|accessdate=14 August 2023}}</ref><ref name="NTTSHowTo16">{{cite web \|url=https://www.nttsecurity.com/docs/librariesprovider3/resources/us_whitepaper_mssp_rfp_uea_v1 \|archiveurl=~~08 May 2021~~ \|format=PDF \|title=How to Write an MSSP RDP \|publisher=NTT Security \|date=September 2016 \|accessdate=14 August 2023}}</ref><ref name="SWGuideToBuild">{{cite web \|url=https://pcdnscwx001.azureedge.net/~/media/Files/US/White%20Papers/SecureWorksNCO411PGuidetoBuildingaCloudRFPTemplate.ashx?modified=20170714201638 \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508225741/https://pcdnscwx001.azureedge.net/~/media/Files/US/White%20Papers/SecureWorksNCO411PGuidetoBuildingaCloudRFPTemplate.ashx?modified=20170714201638 \|format=DOCX \|title=Secureworks Guide to Building a Cloud MSSP RFP Template \|publisher=Secureworks \|archivedate=08 May 2021 \|accessdate=14 August 2023}}</ref><ref name="SolutionaryRFP15">{{cite web \|url=https://docecity.com/rfp-sample-questions-for-managed-security-services.html \|title=RFP/RFI Questions for Managed Security Services: Sample MSSP RFP Template \|publisher=Solutionary, Inc \|date=September 2015 \|accessdate=14 August 2023}}</ref><ref name="SAMCloudMiss20">{{cite web \|url=https://beta.sam.gov/opp/91dc7217b32b459695b27339f4b5d9aa/view \|title=Cloud Mission Support Request for Information \|work=SAM.gov \|author=U.S. Department of State \|date=24 October 2020 \|accessdate=21 August 2021}}</ref>{{Dead link\|date=14 August 2023}}, and the following:		Sources used to compile this selection of RFI questions include the six sources from section 6.4 (including APHL, Interfocus, ''Lab Manager'', LBMC, and Thomson Reuters)<ref name="APHLBreaking17">{{cite web \|url=https://www.aphl.org/aboutAPHL/publications/Documents/INFO-2017Jun-Cloud-Computing.pdf \|format=PDF \|title=Breaking Through the Cloud: A Laboratory Guide to Cloud Computing \|author=Association of Public Health Laboratories \|publisher=Association of Public Health Laboratories \|date=2017 \|accessdate=14 August 2023}}</ref><ref name="IFAhelp20">{{cite web \|url=https://www.mynewlab.com/blog/a-helpful-guide-to-cloud-computing-in-a-laboratory/ \|title=A Helpful Guide to Cloud Computing in a Laboratory \|work=InterFocus Blog \|publisher=InterFocus Ltd \|date=05 October 2020 \|accessdate=14 August 2023}}</ref><ref name="LBMCNine21">{{cite web \|url=https://www.lbmc.com/blog/questions-cloud-service-providers/ \|title=Nine Due Diligence Questions to Ask Cloud Service Providers \|author=LBMC \|work=LBMC Blog \|date=24 February 2021 \|accessdate=14 August 2023}}</ref><ref name="WardCloud19">{{cite web \|url=https://www.labmanager.com/cloud-computing-for-the-laboratory-736 \|title=Cloud Computing for the Laboratory: Using data in the cloud - What it means for data security \|author=Ward, S. \|work=Lab Manager \|date=09 October 2019 \|accessdate=14 August 2023}}</ref><ref name="EusticeUnder18">{{cite web \|url=https://legal.thomsonreuters.com/en/insights/articles/understanding-data-privacy-and-cloud-computing \|title=Understand the intersection between data privacy laws and cloud computing \|author=Eustice, J.C. \|work=Legal Technology, Products, and Services \|publisher=Thomson Reuters \|date=2018 \|accessdate=14 August 2023}}</ref><ref name="TRThree21">{{cite web \|url=https://legal.thomsonreuters.com/blog/3-questions-you-need-to-ask-your-cloud-vendors/ \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210406150957/https://legal.thomsonreuters.com/blog/3-questions-you-need-to-ask-your-cloud-vendors/ \|title=Three questions you need to ask your cloud vendors \|author=Thomson Reuters \|work=Thomson Reuters Legal Blog \|archivedate=03 March 2021 \|date=03 March 2021 \|accessdate=14 August 2023}}</ref>, the five sources from the managed security services provider (MSSP) RFI/RFP template included in Appendix 3 of this guide (there's a lot of crossover, actually)<ref name="Korff12Rev19">{{cite web \|url=https://expel.com/blog/12-revealing-questions-when-evaluating-mssp-mdr-vendor/ \|title=12 revealing questions to ask when evaluating an MSSP or MDR vendor \|author=Korff, Y. \|work=Expel blog \|publisher=Expel, Inc \|date=19 February 2019 \|accessdate=14 August 2023}}</ref><ref name="NTTSHowTo16">{{cite web \|url=https://www.nttsecurity.com/docs/librariesprovider3/resources/us_whitepaper_mssp_rfp_uea_v1 \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508224902/https://www.nttsecurity.com/docs/librariesprovider3/resources/us_whitepaper_mssp_rfp_uea_v1 \|format=PDF \|title=How to Write an MSSP RDP \|publisher=NTT Security \|date=September 2016 \|archivedate=08 May 2021 \|accessdate=14 August 2023}}</ref><ref name="SWGuideToBuild">{{cite web \|url=https://pcdnscwx001.azureedge.net/~/media/Files/US/White%20Papers/SecureWorksNCO411PGuidetoBuildingaCloudRFPTemplate.ashx?modified=20170714201638 \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508225741/https://pcdnscwx001.azureedge.net/~/media/Files/US/White%20Papers/SecureWorksNCO411PGuidetoBuildingaCloudRFPTemplate.ashx?modified=20170714201638 \|format=DOCX \|title=Secureworks Guide to Building a Cloud MSSP RFP Template \|publisher=Secureworks \|archivedate=08 May 2021 \|accessdate=14 August 2023}}</ref><ref name="SolutionaryRFP15">{{cite web \|url=https://docecity.com/rfp-sample-questions-for-managed-security-services.html \|title=RFP/RFI Questions for Managed Security Services: Sample MSSP RFP Template \|publisher=Solutionary, Inc \|date=September 2015 \|accessdate=14 August 2023}}</ref><ref name="SAMCloudMiss20">{{cite web \|url=https://beta.sam.gov/opp/91dc7217b32b459695b27339f4b5d9aa/view \|title=Cloud Mission Support Request for Information \|work=SAM.gov \|author=U.S. Department of State \|date=24 October 2020 \|accessdate=21 August 2021}}</ref>{{Dead link\|date=14 August 2023}}, and the following:

	*Cloud Security Alliance's ''Cloud Controls Matrix v4''<ref name="CSACloudCont4">{{cite web \|url=https://cloudsecurityalliance.org/artifacts/cloud-controls-matrix-v4/ \|format=xlsx \|title=Cloud Controls Matrix v4 \|publisher=Cloud Security Alliance \|date=15 March 2021 \|accessdate=14 August 2023}}</ref>		*Cloud Security Alliance's ''Cloud Controls Matrix v4''<ref name="CSACloudCont4">{{cite web \|url=https://cloudsecurityalliance.org/artifacts/cloud-controls-matrix-v4/ \|format=xlsx \|title=Cloud Controls Matrix v4 \|publisher=Cloud Security Alliance \|date=15 March 2021 \|accessdate=14 August 2023}}</ref>

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	===3.3 Additional benefits and challenges of laboratory informatics in disease testing and public health===		===3.3 Additional benefits and challenges of laboratory informatics in disease testing and public health===
	COVID-19 is at the forefront of the consciousness of humanity, by and large, and the informatics tools we implement for managing, treating, and surveilling the disease are of great import. From disease databases to [[electronic health record]]s, from bioinformatics tools for peptide and protein modeling to laboratory tools such as ~~[[laboratory information management system]]s (~~LIMS) and ~~[[laboratory information system]]s (~~LIS), we continue to fight back against the threat of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Yet despite the gravity of the pandemic, this is neither the first nor the last time [[Laboratory informatics\|laboratory]] and scientific informatics will play a positive role in testing for disease and improving public health outcomes.		COVID-19 is at the forefront of the consciousness of humanity, by and large, and the informatics tools we implement for managing, treating, and surveilling the disease are of great import. From disease databases to [[electronic health record]]s, from [[bioinformatics]] tools for peptide and protein modeling to laboratory tools such as LIMS and LIS, we continue to fight back against the threat of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Yet despite the gravity of the pandemic, this is neither the first nor the last time [[Laboratory informatics\|laboratory]] and scientific informatics will play a positive role in testing for disease and improving public health outcomes.

	Health informatics technology, when used responsibly, has already proven to be useful in studying and treating contagious diseases. In a 2013 research paper published in the journal ''BMJ Quality & Safety'', El-Kareh ''et al.'' analyzed and described the state of diagnostic health information technology (HIT). They noted that without the aid of HIT, clinicians are more error-prone, leaving them "vulnerable to fallible human memory, variable disease presentation, clinical processes plagued by communication lapses, and a series of well-documented ‘heuristics,’ biases, and disease-specific pitfalls."<ref name="El-KarehUseOf13">{{cite journal \|title=Use of health information technology to reduce diagnostic errors \|journal=BMJ Quality & Safety \|author=El-Kareh, R.; Hasan, O.; Schiff, G.D. \|volume=22 \|issue=Suppl. 2 \|pages=ii40–ii51 \|year=2013 \|doi=10.1136/bmjqs-2013-001884 \|pmid=23852973 \|pmc=PMC3786650}}</ref> Appropriate, well-designed HIT systems are capable of helping clinicians and laboratorians by providing more timely access to information, improved communication, better clinical reasoning and decision making, and improved workflows, as well as a reduction in diagnostic errors, and, as a result, improved patient safety and health outcomes.<ref name="NASEMImprov15">{{cite book \|url=https://www.nap.edu/read/21794/chapter/7 \|chapter=Chapter 5: Technology and Tools in the Diagnostic Process \|title=Improving Diagnosis in Health Care \|author=National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine \|publisher=The National Academies Press \|pages=217–62 \|year=2015 \|doi=10.17226/21794 \|isbn=9780309377720}}</ref>		Health informatics technology, when used responsibly, has already proven to be useful in studying and treating contagious diseases. In a 2013 research paper published in the journal ''BMJ Quality & Safety'', El-Kareh ''et al.'' analyzed and described the state of diagnostic health information technology (HIT). They noted that without the aid of HIT, clinicians are more error-prone, leaving them "vulnerable to fallible human memory, variable disease presentation, clinical processes plagued by communication lapses, and a series of well-documented ‘heuristics,’ biases, and disease-specific pitfalls."<ref name="El-KarehUseOf13">{{cite journal \|title=Use of health information technology to reduce diagnostic errors \|journal=BMJ Quality & Safety \|author=El-Kareh, R.; Hasan, O.; Schiff, G.D. \|volume=22 \|issue=Suppl. 2 \|pages=ii40–ii51 \|year=2013 \|doi=10.1136/bmjqs-2013-001884 \|pmid=23852973 \|pmc=PMC3786650}}</ref> Appropriate, well-designed HIT systems are capable of helping clinicians and laboratorians by providing more timely access to information, improved communication, better clinical reasoning and decision making, and improved workflows, as well as a reduction in diagnostic errors, and, as a result, improved patient safety and health outcomes.<ref name="NASEMImprov15">{{cite book \|url=https://www.nap.edu/read/21794/chapter/7 \|chapter=Chapter 5: Technology and Tools in the Diagnostic Process \|title=Improving Diagnosis in Health Care \|author=National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine \|publisher=The National Academies Press \|pages=217–62 \|year=2015 \|doi=10.17226/21794 \|isbn=9780309377720}}</ref>
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	From a public health perspective, the application of informatics to disease surveillance, reporting, and health habit promotion is also vital. Winters-Miner ''et al.'' note in particular the value of using informatics tools and methods to implement predictive analytics and data mining into public health. They use disease prevention and biosurveillance as major examples. We could, for example "analyze large populations of people to quantify risks related to public health, and help physicians to develop intervention programs for those patients at highest risk of some ailment or medical condition."<ref name="Winters-MinerBiomedical15">{{cite book \|chapter=Chapter 3: Biomedical Informatics \|title=Practical Predictive Analytics and Decisioning Systems for Medicine \|author=Winters-Miner, L.A.; Bolding, P.S.; Hilbe, J.M. et al. \|publisher=Academic Press \|pages=42–59 \|year=2015 \|doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-411643-6.00003-X \|isbn=9780124116436}}</ref> Additionally, through the use of syndromic surveillance systems (tools aiding in the detection of indicators leading up to disease diagnosis for individuals and populations<ref name="MandlImplement04">{{cite journal \|title=Implementing syndromic surveillance: A practical guide informed by the early experience \|journal=JAMIA \|author=Mandl, K.D.; Overhage, J.M.; Wagner, M.M. et al. \|volume=11 \|issue=2 \|pages=141–50 \|year=2004 \|doi=10.1197/jamia.M1356 \|pmid=14633933 \|pmc=PMC353021}}</ref>), they suggest that outbreaks can be better detected at local and national levels, and public health measures can be better implemented, increasing public awareness and hindering the spread of disease.<ref name="Winters-MinerBiomedical15" />		From a public health perspective, the application of informatics to disease surveillance, reporting, and health habit promotion is also vital. Winters-Miner ''et al.'' note in particular the value of using informatics tools and methods to implement predictive analytics and data mining into public health. They use disease prevention and biosurveillance as major examples. We could, for example "analyze large populations of people to quantify risks related to public health, and help physicians to develop intervention programs for those patients at highest risk of some ailment or medical condition."<ref name="Winters-MinerBiomedical15">{{cite book \|chapter=Chapter 3: Biomedical Informatics \|title=Practical Predictive Analytics and Decisioning Systems for Medicine \|author=Winters-Miner, L.A.; Bolding, P.S.; Hilbe, J.M. et al. \|publisher=Academic Press \|pages=42–59 \|year=2015 \|doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-411643-6.00003-X \|isbn=9780124116436}}</ref> Additionally, through the use of syndromic surveillance systems (tools aiding in the detection of indicators leading up to disease diagnosis for individuals and populations<ref name="MandlImplement04">{{cite journal \|title=Implementing syndromic surveillance: A practical guide informed by the early experience \|journal=JAMIA \|author=Mandl, K.D.; Overhage, J.M.; Wagner, M.M. et al. \|volume=11 \|issue=2 \|pages=141–50 \|year=2004 \|doi=10.1197/jamia.M1356 \|pmid=14633933 \|pmc=PMC353021}}</ref>), they suggest that outbreaks can be better detected at local and national levels, and public health measures can be better implemented, increasing public awareness and hindering the spread of disease.<ref name="Winters-MinerBiomedical15" />

	In the clinical laboratory, informatics systems have been influencing workflow improvements and improved service delivery ~~in the lab~~ for more than five decades.<ref name="JonesInform14" /> And while improvements have been seen in the laboratory from not only the introduction of computerized systems<ref name="El-KarehUseOf13" /><ref name="NASEMImprov15" /><ref name="RaeenHowLab18" /> but also the realization of quality control<ref name="ChawlaEval10">{{cite journal \|title=Evaluating laboratory performance with quality indicators \|journal=Laboratory Medicine \|author=Chawla, R.; Goswami, B.; Singh, B. et al. \|volume=41 \|issue=5 \|pages=297–300 \|year=2010 \|doi=10.1309/LMS2CBXBA6Y0OWMG}}</ref> and point-of-care testing<ref name="PricePoint01">{{cite journal \|title=Poing of care testing \|journal=BMJ \|author=Price, C.P. \|volume=322 \|issue=7297 \|pages=1285–8 \|year=2001 \|doi=10.1136/bmj.322.7297.1285 \|pmid=11375233 \|pmc=PMC1120384}}</ref>, more challenges remain. For example, quality management in the laboratory is still often a manual, time-consuming activity. While the LIS ~~and LIMS~~ have some tools to assist with this task, the inclusion of laboratory analytics and business intelligence tools into those systems may lead to even further quality and ~~efficiencies~~ in the lab.<ref name="ZiaguraUsing19">{{cite web \|url=https://www.mlo-online.com/information-technology/lis/article/13017560/using-analytics-to-manage-qa-and-reduce-laboratory-errors \|title=Using analytics to manage QA and reduce laboratory errors \|author=Ziaugra, K.; Hawrylak, V.; Bickley, T. et al. \|work=Medical Laboratory Observer \|date=20 March 2019 \|accessdate=25 April 2020}}</ref> And in the realm of point-of-care testing, oversight and control of instruments can be lost when connectivity and training is lacking. Proper interfacing of these lab instruments could lead to improvements in those areas, says Siemens Healthineers' Daniel Gundler. "Maintaining POC instruments and overseeing the operators performing POC tests would be much easier if all the information and data from each instrument were accessible through one user interface in which coordinators could manage both the instruments and operators."<ref name="GundlerPOCT19">{{cite web \|url=https://www.mlo-online.com/home/article/13017228/poct-made-easier-with-informatics \|title=POCT made easier with informatics \|author=Gundler, D. \|work=Medical Laboratory Observer \|date=23 January 2019 \|accessdate=25 April 2020}}</ref>		In the clinical laboratory, informatics systems have been influencing workflow improvements and improved service delivery for more than five decades.<ref name="JonesInform14" /> And while improvements have been seen in the laboratory from not only the introduction of computerized systems<ref name="El-KarehUseOf13" /><ref name="NASEMImprov15" /><ref name="RaeenHowLab18" /> but also the realization of quality control<ref name="ChawlaEval10">{{cite journal \|title=Evaluating laboratory performance with quality indicators \|journal=Laboratory Medicine \|author=Chawla, R.; Goswami, B.; Singh, B. et al. \|volume=41 \|issue=5 \|pages=297–300 \|year=2010 \|doi=10.1309/LMS2CBXBA6Y0OWMG}}</ref> and point-of-care testing<ref name="PricePoint01">{{cite journal \|title=Poing of care testing \|journal=BMJ \|author=Price, C.P. \|volume=322 \|issue=7297 \|pages=1285–8 \|year=2001 \|doi=10.1136/bmj.322.7297.1285 \|pmid=11375233 \|pmc=PMC1120384}}</ref>, more challenges remain. For example, quality management in the laboratory is still often a manual, time-consuming activity. While the LIMS and LIS have some tools to assist with this task, the inclusion of laboratory analytics and business intelligence tools into those systems may lead to even further improvements in quality and efficiency in the lab.<ref name="ZiaguraUsing19">{{cite web \|url=https://www.mlo-online.com/information-technology/lis/article/13017560/using-analytics-to-manage-qa-and-reduce-laboratory-errors \|title=Using analytics to manage QA and reduce laboratory errors \|author=Ziaugra, K.; Hawrylak, V.; Bickley, T. et al. \|work=Medical Laboratory Observer \|date=20 March 2019 \|accessdate=25 April 2020}}</ref> And in the realm of point-of-care testing, oversight and control of instruments can be lost when connectivity and training is lacking. Proper interfacing of these lab instruments could lead to improvements in those areas, says Siemens Healthineers' Daniel Gundler. "Maintaining POC instruments and overseeing the operators performing POC tests would be much easier if all the information and data from each instrument were accessible through one user interface in which coordinators could manage both the instruments and operators."<ref name="GundlerPOCT19">{{cite web \|url=https://www.mlo-online.com/home/article/13017228/poct-made-easier-with-informatics \|title=POCT made easier with informatics \|author=Gundler, D. \|work=Medical Laboratory Observer \|date=23 January 2019 \|accessdate=25 April 2020}}</ref>

	====3.3.1 System interoperability====		====3.3.1 System interoperability====

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3.1 Laboratory informatics and workflow management

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	Pandemic response realizes benefits through crisis and risk management systems, syndromic surveillance systems, and medical diagnostic tools. As Wilson and Jumbert note about humanitarian technologies and pandemics, "collecting information is central to the implementation of an efficient response, including situational information, needs assessment, and operational information."<ref name="WilsonTheNew18">{{cite journal \|title=The new informatics of pandemic response: humanitarian technology, efficiency, and the subtle retreat of national agency \|journal=Journal of International Humanitarian Action \|author=Wilson, C.; Jumbert, M.G. \|volume=3 \|at=8 \|year=2018 \|doi=10.1186/s41018-018-0036-5 \|pmc=PMC7149122}}</ref> This includes valuable reporting of public health data (discussed in the next section). As such, those labs and healthcare systems performing disease testing realize numerous benefits in adopting and applying informatics solutions to their workflow: improved operations and positive contributions to disease reporting.		Pandemic response realizes benefits through crisis and risk management systems, syndromic surveillance systems, and medical diagnostic tools. As Wilson and Jumbert note about humanitarian technologies and pandemics, "collecting information is central to the implementation of an efficient response, including situational information, needs assessment, and operational information."<ref name="WilsonTheNew18">{{cite journal \|title=The new informatics of pandemic response: humanitarian technology, efficiency, and the subtle retreat of national agency \|journal=Journal of International Humanitarian Action \|author=Wilson, C.; Jumbert, M.G. \|volume=3 \|at=8 \|year=2018 \|doi=10.1186/s41018-018-0036-5 \|pmc=PMC7149122}}</ref> This includes valuable reporting of public health data (discussed in the next section). As such, those labs and healthcare systems performing disease testing realize numerous benefits in adopting and applying informatics solutions to their workflow: improved operations and positive contributions to disease reporting.

	However, just purchasing a random laboratory informatics solution and putting it use is no guarantee towards realizing the technology's actual benefits. Careful consideration, discussion, training, and policy adjustment are required to get the most of any new system. It would be beyond the scope of this guide to offer complete advice on acquiring and implementing laboratory informatics solutions. ~~However, that~~ information can be found in the Association of Public Health Laboratories' ''[[LII:Laboratory Information Systems Project Management: A Guidebook for International Implementations\|Laboratory Information Systems Project Management: A Guidebook for International Implementations]]'' or Joe Liscouski's ''[[LII:A Guide for Management: Successfully Applying Laboratory Systems to Your Organization's Work\|A Guide for Management: Successfully Applying Laboratory Systems to Your Organization's Work]]''. ~~However, what~~ follows are ~~some~~ considerations to make when selecting a solution to assist your organization with COVID-19 (and other types of disease) testing workflows.		However, just purchasing a random laboratory informatics solution and putting it use is no guarantee towards realizing the technology's actual benefits. Careful consideration, discussion, training, and policy adjustment are required to get the most of any new system. It would be beyond the scope of this guide to offer complete advice on acquiring and implementing laboratory informatics solutions. That information can be found in the Association of Public Health Laboratories' ''[[LII:Laboratory Information Systems Project Management: A Guidebook for International Implementations\|Laboratory Information Systems Project Management: A Guidebook for International Implementations]]'' or Joe Liscouski's ''[[LII:A Guide for Management: Successfully Applying Laboratory Systems to Your Organization's Work\|A Guide for Management: Successfully Applying Laboratory Systems to Your Organization's Work]]''. What follows are considerations to make when selecting a solution to assist your organization with COVID-19 (and other types of disease) testing workflows.

	====3.1.1 Does the system provide a flexible provider portal?====		====3.1.1 Does the system provide a flexible provider portal?====

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3.1 Laboratory informatics and workflow management

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	Pandemic response realizes benefits through crisis and risk management systems, syndromic surveillance systems, and medical diagnostic tools. As Wilson and Jumbert note about humanitarian technologies and pandemics, "collecting information is central to the implementation of an efficient response, including situational information, needs assessment, and operational information."<ref name="WilsonTheNew18">{{cite journal \|title=The new informatics of pandemic response: humanitarian technology, efficiency, and the subtle retreat of national agency \|journal=Journal of International Humanitarian Action \|author=Wilson, C.; Jumbert, M.G. \|volume=3 \|at=8 \|year=2018 \|doi=10.1186/s41018-018-0036-5 \|pmc=PMC7149122}}</ref> This includes valuable reporting of public health data (discussed in the next section). As such, those labs and healthcare systems performing disease testing realize numerous benefits in adopting and applying informatics solutions to their workflow: improved operations and positive contributions to disease reporting.		Pandemic response realizes benefits through crisis and risk management systems, syndromic surveillance systems, and medical diagnostic tools. As Wilson and Jumbert note about humanitarian technologies and pandemics, "collecting information is central to the implementation of an efficient response, including situational information, needs assessment, and operational information."<ref name="WilsonTheNew18">{{cite journal \|title=The new informatics of pandemic response: humanitarian technology, efficiency, and the subtle retreat of national agency \|journal=Journal of International Humanitarian Action \|author=Wilson, C.; Jumbert, M.G. \|volume=3 \|at=8 \|year=2018 \|doi=10.1186/s41018-018-0036-5 \|pmc=PMC7149122}}</ref> This includes valuable reporting of public health data (discussed in the next section). As such, those labs and healthcare systems performing disease testing realize numerous benefits in adopting and applying informatics solutions to their workflow: improved operations and positive contributions to disease reporting.

	However, just purchasing a random laboratory informatics solution and putting it use is no guarantee towards realizing the technology's actual benefits. Careful consideration, discussion, training, and policy adjustment are required to get the most of any new system. It would be beyond the scope of this guide to offer complete advice on acquiring and implementing laboratory informatics solutions. However, that information can be found in the Association of Public Health Laboratories' ''[[LII:Laboratory Information Systems Project Management: A Guidebook for International Implementations\|Laboratory Information Systems Project Management: A Guidebook for International Implementations]]'' or Joe Liscouski's ''[[LII:A Guide for Management: Successfully Applying Laboratory Systems to Your Organization's Work\|A Guide for Management: Successfully Applying Laboratory Systems to Your Organization's Work]]''. However, what follows are some considerations to make when selecting a solution to assist your organization with COVID-19 (and other types of disease) testing.		However, just purchasing a random laboratory informatics solution and putting it use is no guarantee towards realizing the technology's actual benefits. Careful consideration, discussion, training, and policy adjustment are required to get the most of any new system. It would be beyond the scope of this guide to offer complete advice on acquiring and implementing laboratory informatics solutions. However, that information can be found in the Association of Public Health Laboratories' ''[[LII:Laboratory Information Systems Project Management: A Guidebook for International Implementations\|Laboratory Information Systems Project Management: A Guidebook for International Implementations]]'' or Joe Liscouski's ''[[LII:A Guide for Management: Successfully Applying Laboratory Systems to Your Organization's Work\|A Guide for Management: Successfully Applying Laboratory Systems to Your Organization's Work]]''. However, what follows are some considerations to make when selecting a solution to assist your organization with COVID-19 (and other types of disease) testing workflows.

	====3.1.1 Does the system provide a flexible provider portal?====		====3.1.1 Does the system provide a flexible provider portal?====
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	Finally, some solutions may include a disease- or test-specific dashboard that can show all samples related to test, any positives, any negatives, pending results, tests per day, etc. Having this information available in one location can help facilitate reporting to government entities (e.g., reporting statistics to FEMA during emergencies<ref name="FEMACorona20">{{cite web \|url=https://www.fema.gov/news-release/2020/04/10/coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic-hhs-letter-hospital-administrators \|title=Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic: HHS Letter to Hospital Administrators \|author=Azar, A.M. \|publisher=FEMA \|date=10 April 2020 \|accessdate=30 April 2020}}</ref> While not strictly necessary, ensure the solution can fulfill your needs with displaying real-time and near-time information to better support rapid decision making.		Finally, some solutions may include a disease- or test-specific dashboard that can show all samples related to test, any positives, any negatives, pending results, tests per day, etc. Having this information available in one location can help facilitate reporting to government entities (e.g., reporting statistics to FEMA during emergencies<ref name="FEMACorona20">{{cite web \|url=https://www.fema.gov/news-release/2020/04/10/coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic-hhs-letter-hospital-administrators \|title=Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic: HHS Letter to Hospital Administrators \|author=Azar, A.M. \|publisher=FEMA \|date=10 April 2020 \|accessdate=30 April 2020}}</ref> While not strictly necessary, ensure the solution can fulfill your needs with displaying real-time and near-time information to better support rapid decision making.


	===3.2 Laboratory informatics and reporting requirements===		===3.2 Laboratory informatics and reporting requirements===

Shawndouglas at 01:51, 1 May 2020

2020-05-01T01:51:10Z

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