PostgreSQL - Revision history

Shawndouglas: Red link

2024-04-12T17:57:58Z

Red link

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	'''PostgreSQL''', often simply '''Postgres''', is a free open-source object-relational [[database management system]], developed by the PostgreSQL Global Development Group. It implements the majority of the SQL:2008 standard,<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.1/static/features.html \|title=Appendix D. SQL Conformance \|work=PostgreSQL 9.1.3 Documentation \|publisher=PostgreSQL Global Development Group \|accessdate=21 March 2012}}</ref> is ACID-compliant, is fully transactional (including all DDL statements), has extensible data types, operators, and indexes, and has a large number of extensions written by third parties.		'''PostgreSQL''', often simply '''Postgres''', is a free open-source object-relational database management system, developed by the PostgreSQL Global Development Group. It implements the majority of the SQL:2008 standard,<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.1/static/features.html \|title=Appendix D. SQL Conformance \|work=PostgreSQL 9.1.3 Documentation \|publisher=PostgreSQL Global Development Group \|accessdate=21 March 2012}}</ref> is ACID-compliant, is fully transactional (including all DDL statements), has extensible data types, operators, and indexes, and has a large number of extensions written by third parties.

	The vast majority of Linux distributions have PostgreSQL available in supplied packages. Mac OS X, starting with Lion, has PostgreSQL server as its standard default database in the server edition<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://support.apple.com/kb/HT4828 \|title=Lion Server: MySQL not included \|publisher=Apple Inc. \|date=4 August 2011 \|accessdate=21 March 2012}}</ref>, and PostgreSQL client tools in the desktop edition.		The vast majority of Linux distributions have PostgreSQL available in supplied packages. Mac OS X, starting with Lion, has PostgreSQL server as its standard default database in the server edition<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://support.apple.com/kb/HT4828 \|title=Lion Server: MySQL not included \|publisher=Apple Inc. \|date=4 August 2011 \|accessdate=21 March 2012}}</ref>, and PostgreSQL client tools in the desktop edition.

Shawndouglas: /* Product history */ Added rank

2014-05-30T15:19:03Z

Product history: Added rank

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	Because of ubiquitous support for the SQL Standard amongst most relational databases, the community considered changing the name of PostgreSQL back to its original name of Postgres. However, the PostgreSQL Core Team announced in 2007 that the product would continue to use the name PostgreSQL.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://archives.postgresql.org/pgsql-advocacy/2007-11/msg00109.php \|title=Project name — statement from the core team \|author=Page, David \|publisher=PostgreSQL Global Development Group \|date=16 November 2007\| accessdate=21 March 2012}}</ref>		Because of ubiquitous support for the SQL Standard amongst most relational databases, the community considered changing the name of PostgreSQL back to its original name of Postgres. However, the PostgreSQL Core Team announced in 2007 that the product would continue to use the name PostgreSQL.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://archives.postgresql.org/pgsql-advocacy/2007-11/msg00109.php \|title=Project name — statement from the core team \|author=Page, David \|publisher=PostgreSQL Global Development Group \|date=16 November 2007\| accessdate=21 March 2012}}</ref>

			{{As of\|May 2014}}, DB-Engines' Ranking of Relational DBMS ranked PostgreSQL as the 4th most popular RDBMS out of 83.<ref name="DBERanks">{{cite web \|url=http://db-engines.com/en/ranking/relational+dbms \|title=DB-Engines Ranking of Relational DBMS \|publisher=solid IT \|accessdate=30 May 2014}}</ref>

	==Features==		==Features==

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2014-05-30T15:16:36Z

External links: Added link

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	* [http://www.pgxn.org/ PGXN], the PostgreSQL Extension Network		* [http://www.pgxn.org/ PGXN], the PostgreSQL Extension Network
	* [http://pgfoundry.org/ PgFoundry], PostgreSQL-related software		* [http://pgfoundry.org/ PgFoundry], PostgreSQL-related software
			* [http://db-engines.com/en/ranking/relational+dbms DB-Engines Ranking of Relational DBMS]

	==References==		==References==

Shawndouglas: /* Entities using PostgreSQL */

2014-03-23T17:41:09Z

Entities using PostgreSQL

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	Examples of entities that use PostgreSQL include:		Examples of entities that use PostgreSQL include:

	Affymetrix, American Chemical Society, Apple, BASF, Cisco, Fujitsu, Genentech, GNUmed, Greenpeace, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, Juniper Networks, National Physical Laboratory of India, PostGIS, Shannon Medical Center, Skype, SourceForge, Sternberg Astronomical Institute, United Nations Children's Fund, University of California–Berkeley, University of Sydney, U.S. [[Centers ~~For~~ Disease Control and Prevention]]		Affymetrix, American Chemical Society, Apple, BASF, Cisco, Fujitsu, Genentech, GNUmed, Greenpeace, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, Juniper Networks, National Physical Laboratory of India, PostGIS, Shannon Medical Center, Skype, SourceForge, Sternberg Astronomical Institute, United Nations Children's Fund, University of California–Berkeley, University of Sydney, U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]

	A full directory of PostgreSQL users and case studies can be found at the [http://www.postgresql.org/about/users/ PostgreSQL website].		A full directory of PostgreSQL users and case studies can be found at the [http://www.postgresql.org/about/users/ PostgreSQL website].

Shawndouglas: /* Entities using PostgreSQL */ Internal link

2014-03-23T17:40:38Z

Entities using PostgreSQL: Internal link

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	Examples of entities that use PostgreSQL include:		Examples of entities that use PostgreSQL include:

	Affymetrix, American Chemical Society, Apple, BASF, Cisco, Fujitsu, Genentech, GNUmed, Greenpeace, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, Juniper Networks, National Physical Laboratory of India, PostGIS, Shannon Medical Center, Skype, SourceForge, Sternberg Astronomical Institute, United Nations Children's Fund, University of California–Berkeley, University of Sydney, U.S. Centers For Disease Control and Prevention		Affymetrix, American Chemical Society, Apple, BASF, Cisco, Fujitsu, Genentech, GNUmed, Greenpeace, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, Juniper Networks, National Physical Laboratory of India, PostGIS, Shannon Medical Center, Skype, SourceForge, Sternberg Astronomical Institute, United Nations Children's Fund, University of California–Berkeley, University of Sydney, U.S. [[Centers For Disease Control and Prevention]]

	A full directory of PostgreSQL users and case studies can be found at the [http://www.postgresql.org/about/users/ PostgreSQL website].		A full directory of PostgreSQL users and case studies can be found at the [http://www.postgresql.org/about/users/ PostgreSQL website].

Shawndouglas: Added cat.

2012-03-22T22:45:55Z

Added cat.

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	<!---Place all category tags here-->		<!---Place all category tags here-->
	[[Category:Database management software (open source)]]		[[Category:Database management software (open source)]]
			[[Category:Software development tool (open source)]]

Shawndouglas: /* External links */ Corrected link text.

2012-03-22T20:58:35Z

External links: Corrected link text.

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	==External links==		==External links==

	* PostgreSQL's ~~static~~ [http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/release.html change log]		* PostgreSQL's [http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/release.html static change log]
	* [http://www.dmoz.org/Computers/Software/Databases/PostgreSQL/ PostgreSQL] at the Open Directory Project		* [http://www.dmoz.org/Computers/Software/Databases/PostgreSQL/ PostgreSQL] at the Open Directory Project
	* [http://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Main_Page PostgreSQL Wiki]		* [http://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Main_Page PostgreSQL Wiki]

Shawndouglas: /* External links */ Added link.

2012-03-22T20:57:42Z

External links: Added link.

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	==External links==		==External links==

			* PostgreSQL's static [http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/release.html change log]
	* [http://www.dmoz.org/Computers/Software/Databases/PostgreSQL/ PostgreSQL] at the Open Directory Project		* [http://www.dmoz.org/Computers/Software/Databases/PostgreSQL/ PostgreSQL] at the Open Directory Project
	* [http://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Main_Page PostgreSQL Wiki]		* [http://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Main_Page PostgreSQL Wiki]

Shawndouglas: Added external link.

2012-03-21T20:09:28Z

Added external link.

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	* [http://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Main_Page PostgreSQL Wiki]		* [http://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Main_Page PostgreSQL Wiki]
	* [http://www.pgxn.org/ PGXN], the PostgreSQL Extension Network		* [http://www.pgxn.org/ PGXN], the PostgreSQL Extension Network
			* [http://pgfoundry.org/ PgFoundry], PostgreSQL-related software

	==References==		==References==

Shawndouglas: Created article.

2012-03-21T19:49:29Z

Created article.

New page

{{Infobox software
| name = PostgreSQL
| title = PostgreSQL
| logo = [[Image:Postgresql elephant.svg|140px]]
| screenshot = 
| caption =
| collapsible =
| author =
| developer = PostgreSQL Global Development Group
| released = {{Start date|1997|01|29}}
| discontinued =
| frequently updated = yes
| programming language = C
| operating system = Cross-platform
| platform =
| size =
| language =
| status =
| genre = Database management software
| license = PostgreSQL Licence<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.postgresql.org/about/licence |title=License |publisher=PostgreSQL Global Development Group |accessdate=21 March 2012}}</ref>
| website = [http://www.postgresql.org/ PostgreSQL.org]
}}

'''PostgreSQL''', often simply '''Postgres''', is a free open-source object-relational [[database management system]], developed by the PostgreSQL Global Development Group. It implements the majority of the SQL:2008 standard,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.1/static/features.html |title=Appendix D. SQL Conformance |work=PostgreSQL 9.1.3 Documentation |publisher=PostgreSQL Global Development Group |accessdate=21 March 2012}}</ref> is ACID-compliant, is fully transactional (including all DDL statements), has extensible data types, operators, and indexes, and has a large number of extensions written by third parties.

The vast majority of Linux distributions have PostgreSQL available in supplied packages. Mac OS X, starting with Lion, has PostgreSQL server as its standard default database in the server edition<ref>{{cite web |url=http://support.apple.com/kb/HT4828 |title=Lion Server: MySQL not included |publisher=Apple Inc. |date=4 August 2011 |accessdate=21 March 2012}}</ref>, and PostgreSQL client tools in the desktop edition.

==Product history==

PostgreSQL evolved from the Ingres database project at the University of California, Berkeley. In 1982, the project leader, Michael Stonebraker, left Berkeley to make a proprietary version of Ingres.<ref name="design">{{cite conference |last1=Stonebraker |first1=M |last2=Rowe |first2=LA |date=May 1986 |title=The Design of POSTGRES |booktitle=Proc. 1986 ACM SIGMOD Conference on Management of Data |location=Washington, DC |format=PDF |url=http://db.cs.berkeley.edu/papers/ERL-M85-95.pdf |accessdate=21 March 2012}}</ref> He returned to Berkeley in 1985 and started a post-Ingres project to address the problems with contemporary database systems that had become increasingly clear during the early 1980s. The new project, POSTGRES, aimed to add the fewest features needed to completely support types.<ref>{{cite conference |url=http://db.cs.berkeley.edu/papers/ERL-M87-13.pdf |title=The POSTGRES Data Model |last1=Stonebraker |first1=M |last2=Rowe |first2= LA |date= |publisher=Morgan Kaufmann Publishers |booktitle=Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases |format=PDF |location=Brighton, England |isbn=0-934613-46-X |pages=83–96}}</ref> These features included the ability to define types and to fully describe relationships – something used widely before but maintained entirely by the user. In Postgres, the database "understood" relationships, and could retrieve information in related tables in a natural way using "rules." Postgres used many of the ideas of Ingres, but not its code.

Starting in 1986, the team published a number of papers describing the basis of the system, and by 1988 it had created a prototype version. The team released version 1 to a small number of users in June 1989, then version 2 with a re-written rules system in June 1990. Version 3, released in 1991, again re-wrote the rules system, and added support for multiple storage managers and an improved query engine.<ref name="OffDoc">{{cite book |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=0kkKYBJCJ3AC |title=PostgreSQL 9.0 Official Documentation - Volume I - The SQL Language |author=The PostgreSQL Global Development Group |publisher=Fultus Corporation |date=2011 |pages=20–22 |isbn=1596822465}}</ref> By 1993 the great number of users began to overwhelm the project with requests for support and features.

After releasing version 4.2 — primarily a cleanup — the project ended.<ref name="OffDoc" /> However, as Berkeley had released Postgres under a MIT-style license, open-source developers could still obtain copies and develop the system further. In 1994, Berkeley graduate students Andrew Yu and Jolly Chen replaced the Ingres-based QUEL query language interpreter with one for the SQL query language, creating Postgres95. The code was released on the web.<ref name="OffDoc" />

In July 1996, Marc Fournier at Hub.Org Networking Services provided the first non-university development server for the open-source development effort. Along with Bruce Momjian and Vadim B. Mikheev, work began to stabilize the code inherited from Berkeley. The first open-source version was released on August 1, 1996 as version 1.02.1.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.3/static/release-1-02.html |title=E.181. Release 1.02 |work=PostgreSQL 8.3.18 Documentation |publisher=PostgreSQL Global Development Group |accessdate=21 March 2012}}</ref>

In 1996, the project was renamed to PostgreSQL to reflect its support for SQL. The first PostgreSQL release formed version 6.0 in January 1997.<ref name="OffDoc" /> Since then, the software has been maintained by a group of database developers and volunteers around the world, coordinating via the [[Internet]].

Because of ubiquitous support for the SQL Standard amongst most relational databases, the community considered changing the name of PostgreSQL back to its original name of Postgres. However, the PostgreSQL Core Team announced in 2007 that the product would continue to use the name PostgreSQL.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://archives.postgresql.org/pgsql-advocacy/2007-11/msg00109.php |title=Project name — statement from the core team |author=Page, David |publisher=PostgreSQL Global Development Group |date=16 November 2007| accessdate=21 March 2012}}</ref>

==Features==

Features of PostrgreSQL include:

* strong procedural language and library interface support
* built-in support for B+-tree, hash, generalized search trees (GiST), and generalized inverted indexes (GIN)
* support for user-defined index methods
* advanced trigger support
* multiversion concurrency control (MVCC)
* query re-write rules
* support for a wide variety of native data types
* user-defined objects
* partial support for inheritance
* additional extensions, libraries and tools in the form of "contrib modules"
* foreign data wrapper support
* built-in binary replication

View the full feature matrix on the [http://www.postgresql.org/about/featurematrix/ PostgreSQL website].

==Hardware/software requirements==

Installation requirements will vary depending on [http://www.postgresql.org/download/ which version you download]. Refer to the [http://www.postgresql.org/docs/manuals/ documentation] or the [http://www.enterprisedb.com/resources-community/pginst-guide one-click installer guide] for more information.

==Videos, screenshots, and other media==

Several sources exist for PostgreSQL-related video:

* [http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLACCF8FCFF7871453 misminar's YouTube channel]
* [http://vimeo.com/postgresql PostgreSQL's Vimeo channel]

==Entities using PostgreSQL==

Examples of entities that use PostgreSQL include:

Affymetrix, American Chemical Society, Apple, BASF, Cisco, Fujitsu, Genentech, GNUmed, Greenpeace, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, Juniper Networks, National Physical Laboratory of India, PostGIS, Shannon Medical Center, Skype, SourceForge, Sternberg Astronomical Institute, United Nations Children's Fund, University of California–Berkeley, University of Sydney, U.S. Centers For Disease Control and Prevention

A full directory of PostgreSQL users and case studies can be found at the [http://www.postgresql.org/about/users/ PostgreSQL website].

==Further reading==

* {{cite web |url=http://www.postgresql.org/docs/ |title=Documentation on PostgreSQL |publisher=PostgreSQL Global Development Group}}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.postgresql.org/docs/books/ |title=Books on PostgreSQL |publisher=PostgreSQL Global Development Group}}

==External links==

* [http://www.dmoz.org/Computers/Software/Databases/PostgreSQL/ PostgreSQL] at the Open Directory Project
* [http://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Main_Page PostgreSQL Wiki]
* [http://www.pgxn.org/ PGXN], the PostgreSQL Extension Network

==References==
<references />


[[Category:Database management software (open source)]]