Picture archiving and communication system - Revision history

Shawndouglas: /* References */ Reflist

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	==References==		==References==
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Shawndouglas: Updated URLs for 2022

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	[[File:PACS-RIS Services.png\|thumb\|440px\|right\|This image demonstrates a basic set of interconnections among a PACS, a [[radiology information system]] (RIS), the imaging modalities, and other components of the PACS, standardized by [[DICOM]].]]		[[File:PACS-RIS Services.png\|thumb\|440px\|right\|This image demonstrates a basic set of interconnections among a PACS, a [[radiology information system]] (RIS), the imaging modalities, and other components of the PACS, standardized by [[DICOM]].]]
	A '''picture archiving and communication system''' (PACS) is a digital imaging system composed of a set of components that allow for the digital acquisition, archiving, communication, retrieval, processing, distribution, and display of medical images.<ref name="HuangPACS">{{cite book \|url=~~http~~://books.google.com/books?id=Pjjkyae_55oC&pg=PA1 \|chapter=Chapter 1: Introduction \|title=PACS and Imaging Informatics: Basic Principles and Applications \|author=Huang, H. K. \|publisher=John Wiley & Sons \|pages=1–30 \|year=2010 \|isbn=9780470560518 \|accessdate=~~09 June 2014~~}}</ref> The PACS may consist of only a few components or be sufficiently complex to handle a hospital or healthcare enterprise environment. Regardless, it must be durable enough for daily use in a clinical environment, integrate to and from several [[Imaging informatics#Diagnostic imaging modalities\|medical imaging modalities]], and have sufficient workstations for technicians utilizing those modalities to perform their work inside and outside the radiology department.<ref name="HuangPACS" /> PACS benefit healthcare providers by digitally managing medical images, eliminating the need to manually file, retrieve, or transport film jackets. This often saves processing time in both the diagnostics and reporting related to the imagery, especially when integrated with speech recognition technology.<ref name="FoxVoice">{{cite journal ~~\|url=http://www.ijri.org/article.asp?issn=0971-3026;year=2013;volume=23;issue=3;spage=191;epage=194;aulast=Fox~~ \|journal=Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging \|title=Voice recognition is here comma like it or not period \|author=Fox, Matthew A.; Aschkenasi, Carl J.; Kalyanpur, Arjun \|volume=23 \|issue=3 \|pages=191–194 \|year=2013 \|doi=10.4103/0971-3026.120252 \|pmid=24347844 ~~\|accessdate=09 June 2014~~}}</ref>		A '''picture archiving and communication system''' (PACS) is a digital imaging system composed of a set of components that allow for the digital acquisition, archiving, communication, retrieval, processing, distribution, and display of medical images.<ref name="HuangPACS">{{cite book \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pjjkyae_55oC&pg=PA1 \|chapter=Chapter 1: Introduction \|title=PACS and Imaging Informatics: Basic Principles and Applications \|author=Huang, H. K. \|publisher=John Wiley & Sons \|pages=1–30 \|year=2010 \|isbn=9780470560518 \|accessdate=07 January 2022}}</ref> The PACS may consist of only a few components or be sufficiently complex to handle a hospital or healthcare enterprise environment. Regardless, it must be durable enough for daily use in a clinical environment, integrate to and from several [[Imaging informatics#Diagnostic imaging modalities\|medical imaging modalities]], and have sufficient workstations for technicians utilizing those modalities to perform their work inside and outside the radiology department.<ref name="HuangPACS" /> PACS benefit healthcare providers by digitally managing medical images, eliminating the need to manually file, retrieve, or transport film jackets. This often saves processing time in both the diagnostics and reporting related to the imagery, especially when integrated with speech recognition technology.<ref name="FoxVoice">{{cite journal \|journal=Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging \|title=Voice recognition is here comma like it or not period \|author=Fox, Matthew A.; Aschkenasi, Carl J.; Kalyanpur, Arjun \|volume=23 \|issue=3 \|pages=191–194 \|year=2013 \|doi=10.4103/0971-3026.120252 \|pmid=24347844}}</ref>

	==History==		==History==
	While the theoretical concepts surrounding a digital image management system were around as early as the late 1970s, the idea didn't solidify until the January 1982 First International Conference and Workshop on Picture Archiving and Communications Systems in Newport Beach, California.<ref name="HuangPACS" /> There researcher Carla Marceau defined the PACS as "a digital system for acquiring, storing, moving and displaying picture or image information."<ref name="1stIntProc">{{cite journal \|url=~~http~~://spie.org/Publications/Proceedings/Volume/0318 \|title=What Is A Picture Archiving And Communication System (PACS)? \|journal=Proceedings of SPIE \|location=1st Intl Conf and Workshop on Picture Archiving and Communication Systems \|author=Marceau, Carla \|volume=0318 \|pages=24 \|year=~~14 January~~ 1982 \|doi=10.1117/12.967618 \|accessdate=~~09 June 2014~~}}</ref> This was followed soon after (July 1982) by the The First International Symposium on PACS and PHD (Personal Health Data) in Japan and the EuroPACS annual conference in 1983. Another meeting dedicated to PACS occurred in Evian, France in October 1990, dubbed "central to the formation of a critical PACS project: the Medical Diagnostic Imaging Support System."<ref name="HuangPACS" /> By late 1997, the disparate PACS groups spread across the United States, Japan, and Europe began working together to form some truly international PACS implementations. This international effort was buoyed by the internationalization of the DICOM standard in 1993, globalization of imaging manufacturers, and sharing of PACS information and experiences among the groups.		While the theoretical concepts surrounding a digital image management system were around as early as the late 1970s, the idea didn't solidify until the January 1982 First International Conference and Workshop on Picture Archiving and Communications Systems in Newport Beach, California.<ref name="HuangPACS" /> There researcher Carla Marceau defined the PACS as "a digital system for acquiring, storing, moving and displaying picture or image information."<ref name="1stIntProc">{{cite journal \|url=https://spie.org/Publications/Proceedings/Volume/0318 \|title=What Is A Picture Archiving And Communication System (PACS)? \|journal=Proceedings of SPIE \|location=1st Intl Conf and Workshop on Picture Archiving and Communication Systems \|author=Marceau, Carla \|volume=0318 \|pages=24 \|year=1982 \|doi=10.1117/12.967618 \|accessdate=07 January 2022}}</ref> This was followed soon after (July 1982) by the The First International Symposium on PACS and PHD (Personal Health Data) in Japan and the EuroPACS annual conference in 1983. Another meeting dedicated to PACS occurred in Evian, France in October 1990, dubbed "central to the formation of a critical PACS project: the Medical Diagnostic Imaging Support System."<ref name="HuangPACS" /> By late 1997, the disparate PACS groups spread across the United States, Japan, and Europe began working together to form some truly international PACS implementations. This international effort was buoyed by the internationalization of the DICOM standard in 1993, globalization of imaging manufacturers, and sharing of PACS information and experiences among the groups.

	==Technology==		==Technology==
	A quality PACS design depends on system connectivity and workflow efficiency. It features a standardized, open architecture and is expandable for future growth. Hardware includes imaging device interfaces, storage devices, communication networks, patient data servers, display tools, and imaging modalities "integrated by a standardized, flexible software system for communication, database management, storage management, job scheduling, interprocessor communication, error handling, and network monitoring."<ref name="HuangPACS" /> Other components that necessarily integrate to the PACS include a [[radiology information system]] (RIS) and a [[hospital information system]] (HIS), extending its effectiveness even further. All of these components "talk" to each other in no small part because of the [[DICOM]] (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) standard which ensures a uniform handling, storing, printing, and transmitting of medical imaging data.<ref name="HuangPACS" /><ref name="BranstetterPractical">{{cite book \|url=~~http~~://books.google.com/books?id=Q6Hc0oMyiYYC&pg=PA33 \|chapter=Chapter 3: Introduction to PACS \|title=Practical Imaging Informatics: Foundations and Applications for PACS Professionals \|author=Ralston, Matthew D.; Coleman, Robert M. \|publisher=Springer \|year=2009 \|pages=33–48 \|isbn=9781441904850 \|accessdate=~~09 June 2014~~}}</ref>		A quality PACS design depends on system connectivity and workflow efficiency. It features a standardized, open architecture and is expandable for future growth. Hardware includes imaging device interfaces, storage devices, communication networks, patient data servers, display tools, and imaging modalities "integrated by a standardized, flexible software system for communication, database management, storage management, job scheduling, interprocessor communication, error handling, and network monitoring."<ref name="HuangPACS" /> Other components that necessarily integrate to the PACS include a [[radiology information system]] (RIS) and a [[hospital information system]] (HIS), extending its effectiveness even further. All of these components "talk" to each other in no small part because of the [[DICOM]] (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) standard which ensures a uniform handling, storing, printing, and transmitting of medical imaging data.<ref name="HuangPACS" /><ref name="BranstetterPractical">{{cite book \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q6Hc0oMyiYYC&pg=PA33 \|chapter=Chapter 3: Introduction to PACS \|title=Practical Imaging Informatics: Foundations and Applications for PACS Professionals \|author=Ralston, Matthew D.; Coleman, Robert M. \|publisher=Springer \|year=2009 \|pages=33–48 \|isbn=9781441904850 \|accessdate=07 January 2022}}</ref>

	This interfacing between multiple systems provides more consistent and reliable data by reducing the risk of entering incorrect patient information (through QA and error checking) and by strengthening merged datasets across multiple systems by using a unique, transferable ID like an NHS or Social Security number. Analysis and reporting also becomes more integrated and rapid across the entire provider-patient pipeline.<ref name="BranstetterPractical" />		This interfacing between multiple systems provides more consistent and reliable data by reducing the risk of entering incorrect patient information (through QA and error checking) and by strengthening merged datasets across multiple systems by using a unique, transferable ID like an NHS or Social Security number. Analysis and reporting also becomes more integrated and rapid across the entire provider-patient pipeline.<ref name="BranstetterPractical" />

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	[[Category:Imaging informatics]]		[[Category:Imaging informatics]]
	[[Category:Medical imaging]]		[[Category:Medical imaging]]
			[[Category:Software systems]]

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			[[Category:Imaging informatics]]
	[[Category:Medical imaging]]		[[Category:Medical imaging]]

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	==History==		==History==
			While the theoretical concepts surrounding a digital image management system were around as early as the late 1970s, the idea didn't solidify until the January 1982 First International Conference and Workshop on Picture Archiving and Communications Systems in Newport Beach, California.<ref name="HuangPACS" /> There researcher Carla Marceau defined the PACS as "a digital system for acquiring, storing, moving and displaying picture or image information."<ref name="1stIntProc">{{cite journal \|url=http://spie.org/Publications/Proceedings/Volume/0318 \|title=What Is A Picture Archiving And Communication System (PACS)? \|journal=Proceedings of SPIE \|location=1st Intl Conf and Workshop on Picture Archiving and Communication Systems \|author=Marceau, Carla \|volume=0318 \|pages=24 \|year=14 January 1982 \|doi=10.1117/12.967618 \|accessdate=09 June 2014}}</ref> This was followed soon after (July 1982) by the The First International Symposium on PACS and PHD (Personal Health Data) in Japan and the EuroPACS annual conference in 1983. Another meeting dedicated to PACS occurred in Evian, France in October 1990, dubbed "central to the formation of a critical PACS project: the Medical Diagnostic Imaging Support System."<ref name="HuangPACS" /> By late 1997, the disparate PACS groups spread across the United States, Japan, and Europe began working together to form some truly international PACS implementations. This international effort was buoyed by the internationalization of the DICOM standard in 1993, globalization of imaging manufacturers, and sharing of PACS information and experiences among the groups.

	==Technology==		==Technology==
	A quality PACS design depends on system connectivity and workflow efficiency. It features a standardized, open architecture and is expandable for future growth. Hardware includes imaging device interfaces, storage devices, communication networks, patient data servers, display tools, and imaging modalities "integrated by a standardized, flexible software system for communication, database management, storage management, job scheduling, interprocessor communication, error handling, and network monitoring."<ref name="HuangPACS" /> Other components that necessarily integrate to the PACS include a [[radiology information system]] (RIS) and a [[hospital information system]] (HIS), extending its effectiveness even further. All of these components "talk" to each other in no small part because of the [[DICOM]] (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) standard which ensures a uniform handling, storing, printing, and transmitting of medical imaging data.<ref name="HuangPACS" /><ref name="BranstetterPractical">{{cite book \|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Q6Hc0oMyiYYC&pg=PA33 \|chapter=Chapter 3: Introduction to PACS \|title=Practical Imaging Informatics: Foundations and Applications for PACS Professionals \|author=Ralston, Matthew D.; Coleman, Robert M. \|publisher=Springer \|year=2009 \|pages=33–48 \|isbn=9781441904850 \|accessdate=09 June 2014}}</ref>		A quality PACS design depends on system connectivity and workflow efficiency. It features a standardized, open architecture and is expandable for future growth. Hardware includes imaging device interfaces, storage devices, communication networks, patient data servers, display tools, and imaging modalities "integrated by a standardized, flexible software system for communication, database management, storage management, job scheduling, interprocessor communication, error handling, and network monitoring."<ref name="HuangPACS" /> Other components that necessarily integrate to the PACS include a [[radiology information system]] (RIS) and a [[hospital information system]] (HIS), extending its effectiveness even further. All of these components "talk" to each other in no small part because of the [[DICOM]] (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) standard which ensures a uniform handling, storing, printing, and transmitting of medical imaging data.<ref name="HuangPACS" /><ref name="BranstetterPractical">{{cite book \|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Q6Hc0oMyiYYC&pg=PA33 \|chapter=Chapter 3: Introduction to PACS \|title=Practical Imaging Informatics: Foundations and Applications for PACS Professionals \|author=Ralston, Matthew D.; Coleman, Robert M. \|publisher=Springer \|year=2009 \|pages=33–48 \|isbn=9781441904850 \|accessdate=09 June 2014}}</ref>

	This interfacing between multiple systems provides more consistent and reliable data by reducing the risk of entering incorrect patient information (through QA and error checking) and by strengthening merged datasets across multiple systems by using a unique, transferable ID like an NHS or Social Security number. Analysis and reporting also becomes more integrated and rapid across the entire provider-patient pipeline.<ref name="BranstetterPractical" />		This interfacing between multiple systems provides more consistent and reliable data by reducing the risk of entering incorrect patient information (through QA and error checking) and by strengthening merged datasets across multiple systems by using a unique, transferable ID like an NHS or Social Security number. Analysis and reporting also becomes more integrated and rapid across the entire provider-patient pipeline.<ref name="BranstetterPractical" />

			==See also==

			* [[Imaging informatics]]
			* [[DICOM]]
			* [[Radiology information system]]
			* [[:Category:Medical imaging software (open source)\|Medical imaging software (open source)]]

	==References==		==References==

Shawndouglas: Created as needed. Saving and adding more.

2014-06-09T22:03:56Z

Created as needed. Saving and adding more.

New page

[[File:PACS-RIS Services.png|thumb|440px|right|This image demonstrates a basic set of interconnections among a PACS, a [[radiology information system]] (RIS), the imaging modalities, and other components of the PACS, standardized by [[DICOM]].]]
A '''picture archiving and communication system''' (PACS) is a digital imaging system composed of a set of components that allow for the digital acquisition, archiving, communication, retrieval, processing, distribution, and display of medical images.<ref name="HuangPACS">{{cite book |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Pjjkyae_55oC&pg=PA1 |chapter=Chapter 1: Introduction |title=PACS and Imaging Informatics: Basic Principles and Applications |author=Huang, H. K. |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |pages=1–30 |year=2010 |isbn=9780470560518 |accessdate=09 June 2014}}</ref> The PACS may consist of only a few components or be sufficiently complex to handle a hospital or healthcare enterprise environment. Regardless, it must be durable enough for daily use in a clinical environment, integrate to and from several [[Imaging informatics#Diagnostic imaging modalities|medical imaging modalities]], and have sufficient workstations for technicians utilizing those modalities to perform their work inside and outside the radiology department.<ref name="HuangPACS" /> PACS benefit healthcare providers by digitally managing medical images, eliminating the need to manually file, retrieve, or transport film jackets. This often saves processing time in both the diagnostics and reporting related to the imagery, especially when integrated with speech recognition technology.<ref name="FoxVoice">{{cite journal |url=http://www.ijri.org/article.asp?issn=0971-3026;year=2013;volume=23;issue=3;spage=191;epage=194;aulast=Fox |journal=Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging |title=Voice recognition is here comma like it or not period |author=Fox, Matthew A.; Aschkenasi, Carl J.; Kalyanpur, Arjun |volume=23 |issue=3 |pages=191–194 |year=2013 |doi=10.4103/0971-3026.120252 |pmid=24347844 |accessdate=09 June 2014}}</ref>

==History==

==Technology==
A quality PACS design depends on system connectivity and workflow efficiency. It features a standardized, open architecture and is expandable for future growth. Hardware includes imaging device interfaces, storage devices, communication networks, patient data servers, display tools, and imaging modalities "integrated by a standardized, flexible software system for communication, database management, storage management, job scheduling, interprocessor communication, error handling, and network monitoring."<ref name="HuangPACS" /> Other components that necessarily integrate to the PACS include a [[radiology information system]] (RIS) and a [[hospital information system]] (HIS), extending its effectiveness even further. All of these components "talk" to each other in no small part because of the [[DICOM]] (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) standard which ensures a uniform handling, storing, printing, and transmitting of medical imaging data.<ref name="HuangPACS" /><ref name="BranstetterPractical">{{cite book |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Q6Hc0oMyiYYC&pg=PA33 |chapter=Chapter 3: Introduction to PACS |title=Practical Imaging Informatics: Foundations and Applications for PACS Professionals |author=Ralston, Matthew D.; Coleman, Robert M. |publisher=Springer |year=2009 |pages=33–48 |isbn=9781441904850 |accessdate=09 June 2014}}</ref>

This interfacing between multiple systems provides more consistent and reliable data by reducing the risk of entering incorrect patient information (through QA and error checking) and by strengthening merged datasets across multiple systems by using a unique, transferable ID like an NHS or Social Security number. Analysis and reporting also becomes more integrated and rapid across the entire provider-patient pipeline.<ref name="BranstetterPractical" />

==References==
<references/>


[[Category:Medical imaging]]