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			[[Category:Laboratory equipment]]

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In biology, an incubator is a device used to grow and maintain microbiological cultures or cell cultures. The incubator maintains optimal temperature, humidity, and other conditions such as the carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen content of the atmosphere inside. Incubators are essential for a lot of experimental work in cell biology, microbiology, and [[molecular biology]] and are used to culture both bacterial as well as eukaryotic cells.

Incubators are also used in the [[laboratory]] for incubating eggs.

==Design==

The simplest incubators are insulated boxes with an adjustable heater, typically going up to 60 to 65 °C (140 to 150 °F), though some can go slightly higher (generally to no more than 100 °C). The most commonly used temperature both for bacteria such as the frequently used E. coli as well as for mammalian cells is approximately 37 °C, as these organisms grow well under such conditions. For other organisms used in biological experiments, such as the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a growth temperature of 30 °C is optimal.<ref name="EngelkirkBurtons">{{cite book |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=RaVKCQI75voC&pg=PA371 |chapter=Chapter 8: Controlling Microbial Growth In Vitro |title=Burton's Microbiology for the Health Sciences |author=Engelkirk, Paul G.; Duben-Engelkirk, Janet L.; Wilson Burton, Gwendolyn R. |publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |year=2011 |pages=121–139 |isbn=9781605476735 |accessdate=01 August 2014}}</ref>

More elaborate incubators can also include the ability to lower the temperature (via refrigeration), or the ability to control humidity or CO2 levels. This is important in the cultivation of mammalian cells, where the relative humidity is typically greater than 80 percent to prevent evaporation and a slightly acidic pH is achieved by maintaining a CO2 level of five percent.<ref name="EngelkirkBurtons" />

==Notes==

The bulk of this article is reused from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incubator_%28culture%29 the Wikipedia article].

==References==
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Incubator (culture) - Revision history

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