ISO 9000 - Revision history

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	==History==		==History==
	The ISO 9000 family of standards was originally built on several British standards developed in the early 1970s: BS 9000, BS 5179, and BS 5750. These quality assurance standards were initially related to the electronics manufacturing industry and set guidelines on managing supply-side quality through auditing and contractual documentation.<ref name="His90001">{{cite web \|url=http://www.british-assessment.co.uk/articles/the-history-of-iso-9000 \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130804070737/http://www.british-assessment.co.uk/articles/the-history-of-iso-9000/ \|title=The history of ISO 9000 \|publisher=The British Assessment Bureau \|date=04 April 2012 \|archivedate=04 August 2013 \|accessdate=16 April 2020}}</ref> However, the history of ISO 9000 can be traced back even further to the publication of the United States Department of Defense MIL-Q-9858 standard in 1959. MIL-Q-9858 was revised into the NATO AQAP series of standards in 1969, which in turn were revised into the BS 5179 series of guidance standards published in 1974, and finally revised into the BS 5750 series of requirements standards in 1979.<ref name="Miura">{{cite web \|url=http://asq.org/fdc/2012/06/mil-q-9858a-the-origin-of-iso-9001.html?shl=109629 \|title=MIL-Q-9858A, the Origin of ISO 9001 \|author=Miura, A. \|work=Tech Journal \|publisher=ASQ \|date=September 2004 \|accessdate=~~19 February 2015~~}}</ref><ref name="Lamprecht">{{cite book \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fSFlJSZLgfgC&pg=PA132 \|title=Quality and Power in the Supply Chain: What Industry Does for the Sake of Quality \|chapter=Chapter 12: The ISO 9000 Phenomenon and the Privatization of Military Standards \|author=Lamprecht, James L. \|publisher=Newnes \|year=2000 \|pages=125–148 \|isbn=9780750673433 \|accessdate=19 February 2015}}</ref>		The ISO 9000 family of standards was originally built on several British standards developed in the early 1970s: BS 9000, BS 5179, and BS 5750. These quality assurance standards were initially related to the electronics manufacturing industry and set guidelines on managing supply-side quality through auditing and contractual documentation.<ref name="His90001">{{cite web \|url=http://www.british-assessment.co.uk/articles/the-history-of-iso-9000 \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130804070737/http://www.british-assessment.co.uk/articles/the-history-of-iso-9000/ \|title=The history of ISO 9000 \|publisher=The British Assessment Bureau \|date=04 April 2012 \|archivedate=04 August 2013 \|accessdate=16 April 2020}}</ref> However, the history of ISO 9000 can be traced back even further to the publication of the United States Department of Defense MIL-Q-9858 standard in 1959. MIL-Q-9858 was revised into the NATO AQAP series of standards in 1969, which in turn were revised into the BS 5179 series of guidance standards published in 1974, and finally revised into the BS 5750 series of requirements standards in 1979.<ref name="Miura">{{cite web \|url=http://asq.org/fdc/2012/06/mil-q-9858a-the-origin-of-iso-9001.html?shl=109629 \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810051200/http://asq.org/fdc/2012/06/mil-q-9858a-the-origin-of-iso-9001.html?shl=109629 \|title=MIL-Q-9858A, the Origin of ISO 9001 \|author=Miura, A. \|work=Tech Journal \|publisher=ASQ \|date=September 2004 \|archivedate=10 August 2017 \|accessdate=07 January 2022}}</ref><ref name="Lamprecht">{{cite book \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fSFlJSZLgfgC&pg=PA132 \|title=Quality and Power in the Supply Chain: What Industry Does for the Sake of Quality \|chapter=Chapter 12: The ISO 9000 Phenomenon and the Privatization of Military Standards \|author=Lamprecht, James L. \|publisher=Newnes \|year=2000 \|pages=125–148 \|isbn=9780750673433 \|accessdate=19 February 2015}}</ref>

	As the idea of company certification of meeting a certain level of quality became more attractive, the push for a more rigorous international standard (primarily led by the British Standards Institute [BSI]<ref name="BSI9000">{{cite web \|url=https://www.bsigroup.com/LocalFiles/en-IN/Resources/ISO%209001/ISO-9001-Whitepaper-the-history-and-future-of-ISO%209001.pdf \|format=PDF \|title=ISO 9001 Whitepaper: The history and future of ISO 9001 \|publisher=BSI \|date=March 2014 \|accessdate=16 April 2020}}</ref>) resulted in the creation of the ISO 9000 family in 1987.<ref name="His90001" /> Originally based on BS 5750, the ISO 9000 family started out with three quality management models and a set of guidelines for following them<ref name="His90002">{{cite web \|url=http://www.standardsconsultants.com/iso-9000-overview \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108051024/http://www.standardsconsultants.com/iso-9000-overview \|title=History of ISO 9000 at a glance \|publisher=Standards Consultants Ltd \|archivedate=08 January 2014 \|accessdate=16 April 2020}}</ref><ref name="9000-1987">{{cite web \|url=https://www.iso.org/standard/16529.html \|title=ISO 9000:1987 \|publisher=International Organization for Standardization \|accessdate=16 April 2020}}</ref>:		As the idea of company certification of meeting a certain level of quality became more attractive, the push for a more rigorous international standard (primarily led by the British Standards Institute [BSI]<ref name="BSI9000">{{cite web \|url=https://www.bsigroup.com/LocalFiles/en-IN/Resources/ISO%209001/ISO-9001-Whitepaper-the-history-and-future-of-ISO%209001.pdf \|format=PDF \|title=ISO 9001 Whitepaper: The history and future of ISO 9001 \|publisher=BSI \|date=March 2014 \|accessdate=16 April 2020}}</ref>) resulted in the creation of the ISO 9000 family in 1987.<ref name="His90001" /> Originally based on BS 5750, the ISO 9000 family started out with three quality management models and a set of guidelines for following them<ref name="His90002">{{cite web \|url=http://www.standardsconsultants.com/iso-9000-overview \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108051024/http://www.standardsconsultants.com/iso-9000-overview \|title=History of ISO 9000 at a glance \|publisher=Standards Consultants Ltd \|archivedate=08 January 2014 \|accessdate=16 April 2020}}</ref><ref name="9000-1987">{{cite web \|url=https://www.iso.org/standard/16529.html \|title=ISO 9000:1987 \|publisher=International Organization for Standardization \|accessdate=16 April 2020}}</ref>:
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	==Further reading==		==Further reading==

	* {{cite book \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NmUlDgAAQBAJ \|title=ISO 9001:2015 - A Complete Guide to Quality Management Systems \|author=Abuhav, I. \|publisher=CRC Press \|year=2017 \|pages=428 \|isbn=9781498733212}}		* {{cite book \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NmUlDgAAQBAJ \|title=ISO 9001:2015 - A Complete Guide to Quality Management Systems \|author=Abuhav, I. \|publisher=CRC Press \|year=2017 \|pages=428 \|isbn=9781498733212}}

	==External links==		==External links==

Shawndouglas: /* Adoption of the standard */

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Adoption of the standard

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	==Adoption of the standard==		==Adoption of the standard==
	The global adoption of ISO 9001 may be attributable to a number of factors. Many major purchasers require their suppliers to hold ISO 9001 certification. In addition to several stakeholders' benefits, a number of studies have identified significant financial benefits for organizations certified to ISO 9001. Examples include:		The global adoption of ISO 9001 may be attributable to a number of factors. Many major purchasers require their suppliers to hold ISO 9001 certification. In addition to several stakeholders' benefits, a number of studies have identified significant [[workflow]] and financial benefits for organizations certified to ISO 9001. Examples include:

	'''1.''' In 2002, Heras ''et al.'' found superior return on assets compared to otherwise similar organizations without certification and demonstrated that this was statistically significant and not a function of organization size.<ref name="Heras">{{cite journal \|title=ISO 9000 registration's impact on sales and profitability: A longitudinal analysis of performance before and after accreditation \|last1=Heras \|first1=Iñaki \|last2=Dick \|first2=Gavin P.M. \|last3=Casadesús \|first3=Martí \|journal=International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management \|volume=19 \|issue=6 \|year=2002 \|pages=774–791 \|doi=10.1108/02656710210429618}}</ref>		'''1.''' In 2002, Heras ''et al.'' found superior return on assets compared to otherwise similar organizations without certification and demonstrated that this was statistically significant and not a function of organization size.<ref name="Heras">{{cite journal \|title=ISO 9000 registration's impact on sales and profitability: A longitudinal analysis of performance before and after accreditation \|last1=Heras \|first1=Iñaki \|last2=Dick \|first2=Gavin P.M. \|last3=Casadesús \|first3=Martí \|journal=International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management \|volume=19 \|issue=6 \|year=2002 \|pages=774–791 \|doi=10.1108/02656710210429618}}</ref>

Shawndouglas: Updated citations for 2020. Added a little bit extra

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Updated citations for 2020. Added a little bit extra

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Shawndouglas: Added notes

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Added notes

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	* [http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_9000 ISO 9000] at the International Organization for Standardization		* [http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_9000 ISO 9000] at the International Organization for Standardization

			==Notes==

			This article reuses a few elements from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_9000 the Wikipedia article].

	==References==		==References==

Shawndouglas: Added content.

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Added content.

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			[[File:Janesville GM Assembly Plant - ISO 9001 Certified sign (3549915451).jpg\|thumb\|400px\|A General Motors assembly plant advertises its ISO 9001 certification.]]
	'''ISO 9000 ''' is a family of standards related to quality management systems and designed to help organizations ensure that they meet the needs of customers and other stakeholders.<ref>{{Cite journal \|title=The state of ISO 9000 certification: A study of Swedish organisations \|url=http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=842040&show=abstract \|year=2002 \|journal=The TQM Magazine \|volume=14 \|issue=5 \|last1=Poksinska \|first1=B. \|last2=Dahlgaard \|first2=J.J. \|last3= Antoni \|first3= M. \|accessdate= 2010-11-22}}</ref> The standards are published by the [[International Organization for Standardization]] (ISO) and are available through national standards bodies. ISO 9000 deals with the fundamentals of quality management systems <ref name="emeraldinsight.com">{{Cite journal \|title= An adaptation to ISO 9001: 2000 for certified organisations \|url= http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=868561&show=abstract \|year=2002 \|journal=Managerial Auditing Journal \|volume=17 \|issue=5 \|last1=Tsim \|first1=Y.C. \|last2=Yeung \|first2=V. W. S. \|last3=Leung \|first3=E. T. C. \|accessdate=2010-11-22}}</ref>, including the eight management principles on which the family of standards is based.<ref>{{Cite journal \|title=Implementing ISO 9000: A study of its benefits among Australian organizations \|url=http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a713600335 \|year=1999 \|journal=Total Quality Management \|pages=95–106 \|volume=1 \|issue=1 \|last1=Beattie \|first1=K.R. \|last2=Sohal \| first2=A.S. \|accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref><ref name="emeraldinsight.com"/>		'''ISO 9000 ''' is a family of standards related to quality management systems and designed to help organizations ensure that they meet the needs of customers and other stakeholders.<ref>{{Cite journal \|title=The state of ISO 9000 certification: A study of Swedish organisations \|url=http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=842040&show=abstract \|year=2002 \|journal=The TQM Magazine \|volume=14 \|issue=5 \|last1=Poksinska \|first1=B. \|last2=Dahlgaard \|first2=J.J. \|last3= Antoni \|first3= M. \|accessdate= 2010-11-22}}</ref> The standards are published by the [[International Organization for Standardization]] (ISO) and are available through national standards bodies. ISO 9000 deals with the fundamentals of quality management systems <ref name="emeraldinsight.com">{{Cite journal \|title= An adaptation to ISO 9001: 2000 for certified organisations \|url= http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=868561&show=abstract \|year=2002 \|journal=Managerial Auditing Journal \|volume=17 \|issue=5 \|last1=Tsim \|first1=Y.C. \|last2=Yeung \|first2=V. W. S. \|last3=Leung \|first3=E. T. C. \|accessdate=2010-11-22}}</ref>, including the eight management principles on which the family of standards is based.<ref>{{Cite journal \|title=Implementing ISO 9000: A study of its benefits among Australian organizations \|url=http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a713600335 \|year=1999 \|journal=Total Quality Management \|pages=95–106 \|volume=1 \|issue=1 \|last1=Beattie \|first1=K.R. \|last2=Sohal \| first2=A.S. \|accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref><ref name="emeraldinsight.com"/>

	ISO 9001 deals with the requirements that organizations wishing to meet the standard have to fulfill.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=46486 \|title=ISO 9001:2008 - Quality management systems -- Requirements \|publisher=International Organization for Standardization \|accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref> Third party certification bodies provide independent confirmation that organizations meet the requirements of ISO 9001. Over a million organizations worldwide<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.iso.org/iso/pressrelease.htm?refid=Ref1363 \|title=ISO 9001 certifications top one million mark, food safety and information security continue meteoric increase \|publisher=International Organization for Standardization \|date=25 October 2010 \|accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref> are independently certified, making ISO 9001 one of the most widely used management tools in the world today. Despite widespread use, however, the ISO certification process has been criticized<ref name="clifford">{{cite web \|url=http://www.inc.com/magazine/20050501/management.html \|title=So many standards to follow, so little payoff \|author=Clifford, Stephanie \|publisher=Inc. Magazine \|date=1 May 2005 \|accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref><ref name="wilson">{{cite web \|url=http://james.westgard.com/the_westgard_rules/2010/06/iso-not-so.html \|title=Is ISO the way to go? Some say, Not So \|author=Wilson, Ian \|publisher=Westgard QC, Inc. \|date=4 June 2010 \|accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref> as being wasteful and not being useful for all organizations.<ref name="~~seddon~~">{{cite web \|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/money/2000/nov/19/workandcareers.madeleinebunting \|title=The 'quality' you can't feel \|author=Seddon, John \|publisher=The Observer \|date=18 November 2000 \|accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref><ref name="seddon2">{{cite book \|url=http://www.systemsthinking.co.uk/3-1-article.asp \|title=The Case Against ISO 9000 \|chapter=Chapter 1: A Brief History of ISO 9000 - Where did we go wrong? \|edition=2nd \|author=Seddon, John \|publisher=Oak Tree Press \|year=2000 \|isbn=1-86076-173-9}}</ref><ref name= "OConnor">{{cite web \|url=http://www.pat-oconnor.co.uk/iso9000.htm \|title=ISO 9000: Help or Hoax \|author=O'Connor, Patrick D.T. O'Connor \|date=1991 \|accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref>		ISO 9001 deals with the requirements that organizations wishing to meet the standard have to fulfill.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=46486 \|title=ISO 9001:2008 - Quality management systems -- Requirements \|publisher=International Organization for Standardization \|accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref> Third party certification bodies provide independent confirmation that organizations meet the requirements of ISO 9001. Over a million organizations worldwide<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.iso.org/iso/pressrelease.htm?refid=Ref1363 \|title=ISO 9001 certifications top one million mark, food safety and information security continue meteoric increase \|publisher=International Organization for Standardization \|date=25 October 2010 \|accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref> are independently certified, making ISO 9001 one of the most widely used management tools in the world today. Despite widespread use, however, the ISO certification process has been criticized<ref name="clifford">{{cite web \|url=http://www.inc.com/magazine/20050501/management.html \|title=So many standards to follow, so little payoff \|author=Clifford, Stephanie \|publisher=Inc. Magazine \|date=1 May 2005 \|accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref><ref name="wilson">{{cite web \|url=http://james.westgard.com/the_westgard_rules/2010/06/iso-not-so.html \|title=Is ISO the way to go? Some say, Not So \|author=Wilson, Ian \|publisher=Westgard QC, Inc. \|date=4 June 2010 \|accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref> as being wasteful and not being useful for all organizations.<ref name="Seddon">{{cite web \|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/money/2000/nov/19/workandcareers.madeleinebunting \|title=The 'quality' you can't feel \|author=Seddon, John \|publisher=The Observer \|date=18 November 2000 \|accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref><ref name="seddon2">{{cite book \|url=http://www.systemsthinking.co.uk/3-1-article.asp \|title=The Case Against ISO 9000 \|chapter=Chapter 1: A Brief History of ISO 9000 - Where did we go wrong? \|edition=2nd \|author=Seddon, John \|publisher=Oak Tree Press \|year=2000 \|isbn=1-86076-173-9}}</ref><ref name= "OConnor">{{cite web \|url=http://www.pat-oconnor.co.uk/iso9000.htm \|title=ISO 9000: Help or Hoax \|author=O'Connor, Patrick D.T. O'Connor \|date=1991 \|accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref>

	==History==		==History==
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	An updated version of ISO 9001 is expected at the end of 2015 if the ISO members vote favorably in the second quarter of 2015.<ref name="Countdown">{{cite web \|url=http://www.qualitydigest.com/inside/quality-insider-article/countdown-iso-90012015.html \|title=Countdown to ISO 9001:2015 \|author=Calabrese, Rick \|work=Quality Digest \|publisher=Quality Digest \|date=03 December 2014 \|accessdate=19 February 2015}}</ref> With the revision the scope of the standard will not change. An essential change, however, will affect the structure. The new ISO 9001:2015 will follow the so-called high-level structure. This, and the uniform use of core texts and terms, will enable an identical structure for all management systems.<ref name="Nigel">{{cite web \|url=http://www.iso.org/iso/home/news_index/news_archive/news.htm?refid=Ref1633 \|title=ISO 9001:2015 and beyond - Preparing for the next 25 years of quality management standards \|author=Croft, Nigel H. \|publisher=International Organization for Standardization \|date=28 August 2012 \|accessdate=19 February 2015}}</ref>		An updated version of ISO 9001 is expected at the end of 2015 if the ISO members vote favorably in the second quarter of 2015.<ref name="Countdown">{{cite web \|url=http://www.qualitydigest.com/inside/quality-insider-article/countdown-iso-90012015.html \|title=Countdown to ISO 9001:2015 \|author=Calabrese, Rick \|work=Quality Digest \|publisher=Quality Digest \|date=03 December 2014 \|accessdate=19 February 2015}}</ref> With the revision the scope of the standard will not change. An essential change, however, will affect the structure. The new ISO 9001:2015 will follow the so-called high-level structure. This, and the uniform use of core texts and terms, will enable an identical structure for all management systems.<ref name="Nigel">{{cite web \|url=http://www.iso.org/iso/home/news_index/news_archive/news.htm?refid=Ref1633 \|title=ISO 9001:2015 and beyond - Preparing for the next 25 years of quality management standards \|author=Croft, Nigel H. \|publisher=International Organization for Standardization \|date=28 August 2012 \|accessdate=19 February 2015}}</ref>

			==Adoption of the standard==
			The global adoption of ISO 9001 may be attributable to a number of factors. Many major purchasers require their suppliers to hold ISO 9001 certification. In addition to several stakeholders' benefits, a number of studies have identified significant financial benefits for organizations certified to ISO 9001. Examples include:

			'''1.''' In 2002, Heras ''et al.'' found superior return on assets compared to otherwise similar organizations without certification and demonstrated that this was statistically significant and not a function of organization size.<ref name="Heras">{{cite journal \|title=ISO 9000 registration's impact on sales and profitability: A longitudinal analysis of performance before and after accreditation \|last1=Heras \|first1=Iñaki \|last2=Dick \|first2=Gavin P.M. \|last3=Casadesús \|first3=Martí \|journal=International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management \|volume=19 \|issue=6 \|year=2002 \|pages=774–791 \|doi=10.1108/02656710210429618 \|accessdate=19 February 2015}}</ref>

			'''2.''' A 2003 study of 146 Singapore-based companies by Chow-Chua ''et al.'' found improved financial performance, though with the caveat "that while certification leads to better overall financial performance, non‐listed certified firms experience better documentation procedures, higher perceived quality of products or services, and more effective communication among employees than listed certified firms."<ref name="ChowChua">{{cite journal \|url=http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/02656710310493643 \|title=Does ISO 9000 certification improve business performance? \|last1=Chow-Chua \|first1=Clare \|last2=Goh \|first2=Mark \|last3=Wan \|first3=Tan Boon \|journal=International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management \|volume=20 \|issue=8 \|year=2003 \|pages=936–953 \|doi=10.1108/02656710310493643 \|accessdate=19 February 2015}}</ref>

			'''3.''' That same year Rajan and Tamimi showed that ISO 9001 certification resulted in superior stock market performance and suggested that shareholders were richly rewarded for investing in the certified companies.<ref name="Rajan">{{cite journal \|url=http://www.iijournals.com/doi/abs/10.3905/joi.2003.319536 \|title=Payoff to ISO 9000 Registration \|last1=Rajan \|first1=Murli \|last2=Tamimi \|first2=Nabil \|journal=The Journal of Investing \|volume=12 \|issue=1 \|pages=71–77 \|year=2003 \|doi=10.3905/joi.2003.319536 \|accessdate=19 February 2015}}</ref>

			'''4.''' In 2005, Corbett ''et al.'' showed in 2005 similar superior performance, atating that "three years after certification, the certified firms do display strongly significant abnormal performance under all control-group specifications."<ref name="Corbett">{{cite journal \|url=http://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/abs/10.1287/mnsc.1040.0358 \|title=The Financial Impact of ISO 9000 Certification in the United States: An Empirical Analysis \|year=2005 \|last1=Corbett \|first1=Charles J. \|last2=Montes-Sancho \|first2=María J. \|last3=Kirsch \|first3=David A. \|journal=Management Science \|volume=51 \|issue=7 \|pages=1607–16 \|doi=10.1287/mnsc.1040.0358 \|accessdate=19 February 2015}}</ref>

			'''5.''' That same year, Sharma linked increases in "operating efficiency, growth in sales, and overall financial performance" gains with ISO 9000 certification.<ref name="Sharma2005">{{cite journal \|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020706305000282 \|title=The association between ISO 9000 certification and financial performance \|last1=Sharma \|first1=Divesh S. \|journal=The International Journal of Accounting \|volume=40 \|issue=2 \|year=2005 \|pages=151–172 \|doi=10.1016/j.intacc.2005.01.011 \|accessdate=19 February 2015}}</ref>

			'''6.''' Naveha and Marcus claimed in 2007 that manufacturers in the U.S. automotive industry that implemented ISO 9001 saw superior operational performance soon after.<ref name="Naveh">{{cite journal \|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001457506002041 \|title=Financial performance, ISO 9000 standard and safe driving practices effects on accident rate in the U.S. Motor carrier industry \|year=2007 \|last1=Naveh \|first1=Eitan \|last2=Marcus \|first2=Alfred \|journal=Accident Analysis & Prevention \|volume=39 \|issue=4 \|pages=731–742 \|doi=10.1016/j.aap.2006.11.004 \|accessdate=19 February 2015}}</ref>

			'''7.''' A 2011 survey from The British Assessment Bureau showing 44 percent of their certified clients had won new business due to becoming certified.<ref name="BAB44">{{cite web \|url=http://www.british-assessment.co.uk/news/iso-9001-proven-to-help-win-new-business \|title=ISO 9001 proven to help win new business \|publisher=The British Assessment Bureau \|date=25 May 2011 \|accessdate=19 February 2015}}</ref>

			While the connection between superior financial performance and ISO 9001 may be seen from the examples cited, there remains no proof of direct causation, though longitudinal studies such as those of Corbett ''et al.''<ref name="Corbett" /> may suggest it. Other researchers such as Heras ''et al.'' have suggested that while there is some evidence of this, the improvement is partly driven by the fact that there is a tendency for better performing companies to seek ISO 9001 certification.<ref name="Heras" />

			==Criticisms of the standard==

			A common criticism of the ISO 9000 family of standards is the amount of money, time, and paperwork required for registration. In 2003, writing for ''Quality Magazine'', engineer Scott Dalgleish emphasized that "[u]nder ISO, every quality system enhancement triggers enormous documentation changes that make quality managers question whether the benefits of the change are worth the effort."<ref name="Dalgleish">{{cite web \|url=http://www.qualitymag.com/articles/84308-84308-probing-the-limits-br-iso-9000-more-hindrance-than-help \|title=ISO 9000: More Hindrance than Help \|author=Dalgleish, Scott \|work=Quality Magazine \|publisher=Quality Magazine \|date=05 May 2003 \|accessdate=19 February 2015}}</ref> In a piece for ''Inc.'' magazine in 2005, journalist Stephanie Clifford told the story of Delaware North Companies, which spent nearly 18 months and $115,000 just to certify their guest services management division.<ref name="Clifford">{{cite news \|url=http://www.inc.com/magazine/20050501/management.html \|title=So many standards to follow, so little payoff \|last=Clifford \|first=Stephanie \|work=Inc \|publisher=Mansueto Ventures \|date=01 May 2005 \|accessdate=19 February 2015}}</ref>

			Others have chosen not to adopt the standard because of the perceived risks and uncertainty of not knowing if there are direct relationships to improved quality as well as doubts about what kind and how many resources will be needed. Other perceived risks include how much certification will cost, increased bureaucratic processes, and risk of poor company image if the certification process fails.<ref name="Sroufe">{{cite journal \|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0272696307000873 \|journal=Journal of Operations Management \|title=An examination of ISO 9000:2000 and supply chain quality assurance \|author=Sroufe, Robert; Curkovic, Sime \|volume=26 \|issue=4 \|year=July 2008 \|pages=503–520 \|doi=10.1016/j.jom.2007.06.006 \|accessdate=19 February 2015}}</ref> Critics like John Seddon, a leading global authority on the service industry, claim ISO 9001 promotes specification, control, and procedures rather than understanding and improvement.<ref name="Seddon" /> Others like business improvement specialist Jim Wade have argued that ISO 9001 is effective as a guideline, but that promoting it as a standard "helps to mislead companies into thinking that certification means better quality, ... [undermining] the need for an organization to set its own quality standards."<ref name="Wade">{{cite web \|url=http://www.iso.org/iso/livelinkgetfile-isocs?nodeId=15013106 \|format=PDF \|title=Is ISO 9000 really a standard? \|author=Wade, Jim \|work=ISO Management Systems \|date=May–June 2002 \|pages=17–20 \|accessdate=19 February 2015}}</ref> In short, Wade argues that reliance on the specifications of ISO 9001 does not guarantee a successful quality system.

			The standard has been seen as especially prone to failure when a company is interested in certification before quality.<ref name="Seddon"/> Certifications have in fact often been based on customer contractual requirements rather than a desire to actually improve quality.<ref name="Barnes">{{cite web \|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Good+Business+Sense+Is+the+Key+to+Confronting+ISO+9000.-a073182519 \|title=Good Business Sense Is the Key to Confronting ISO 9000 \|author=Barnes, Frank \|work=AllBusiness \|publisher=AllBusiness.com, Inc \|date=22 March 2000 \|accessdate=19 February 2015}}</ref><ref name="Henricks">{{cite web \|url=http://www.entrepreneur.com/article/46342 \|title=ISO a Go-Go \|author=Henricks, Mark \|work=Entrepreneur Magazine \|publisher=Entrepreneur Media, Inc \|date=01 Decenber 2001 \|accessdate=19 February 2015}}</ref> "If you just want the certificate on the wall, chances are you will create a paper system that doesn't have much to do with the way you actually run your business," said ISO's Roger Frost in 2001.<ref name="Henricks" /> Certification by an independent auditor is often seen as the problem area, and according to Barnes, it "has become a vehicle to increase consulting services."<ref name="Barnes" />

	==Further reading==		==Further reading==
	* Bamford, Robert; Deibler, William (2003). ''ISO 9001: 2000 for Software and Systems Providers: An Engineering Approach'' (1st ed.). CRC-Press. ISBN 0849320631, ISBN 978-0849320637
	* Naveh. E., Marcus, A. (2004). "When does ISO 9000 Quality Assurance standard lead to performance improvement?", ''IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management'', 51(3), 352–363.		* {{cite book \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-GplCM5xTYYC \|title=ISO 9001 in Plain English \|author=Cochran, Craig \|publisher=Paton Professional \|year=2008 \|pages=178 \|isbn=9781932828207}}
	* ~~http~~://~~www~~.~~iso~~.~~org~~/~~iso/survey2007.pdf~~ - ~~An abstract of the 2007's~~ ISO ~~survey of certificates.~~
	* http://www.iso.org/iso/~~survey2008.pdf - An abstract of~~ the ~~2008's ISO survey of certificates.~~		==External links==

			* [http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_9000 ISO 9000] at the International Organization for Standardization

	==References==		==References==

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	ISO 9001 deals with the requirements that organizations wishing to meet the standard have to fulfill.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=46486 \|title=ISO 9001:2008 - Quality management systems -- Requirements \|publisher=International Organization for Standardization \|accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref> Third party certification bodies provide independent confirmation that organizations meet the requirements of ISO 9001. Over a million organizations worldwide<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.iso.org/iso/pressrelease.htm?refid=Ref1363 \|title=ISO 9001 certifications top one million mark, food safety and information security continue meteoric increase \|publisher=International Organization for Standardization \|date=25 October 2010 \|accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref> are independently certified, making ISO 9001 one of the most widely used management tools in the world today. Despite widespread use, however, the ISO certification process has been criticized<ref name="clifford">{{cite web \|url=http://www.inc.com/magazine/20050501/management.html \|title=So many standards to follow, so little payoff \|author=Clifford, Stephanie \|publisher=Inc. Magazine \|date=1 May 2005 \|accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref><ref name="wilson">{{cite web \|url=http://james.westgard.com/the_westgard_rules/2010/06/iso-not-so.html \|title=Is ISO the way to go? Some say, Not So \|author=Wilson, Ian \|publisher=Westgard QC, Inc. \|date=4 June 2010 \|accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref> as being wasteful and not being useful for all organizations.<ref name="seddon">{{cite web \|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/money/2000/nov/19/workandcareers.madeleinebunting \|title=The 'quality' you can't feel \|author=Seddon, John \|publisher=The Observer \|date=18 November 2000 \|accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref><ref name="seddon2">{{cite book \|url=http://www.systemsthinking.co.uk/3-1-article.asp \|title=The Case Against ISO 9000 \|chapter=Chapter 1: A Brief History of ISO 9000 - Where did we go wrong? \|edition=2nd \|author=Seddon, John \|publisher=Oak Tree Press \|year=2000 \|isbn=1-86076-173-9}}</ref><ref name= "OConnor">{{cite web \|url=http://www.pat-oconnor.co.uk/iso9000.htm \|title=ISO 9000: Help or Hoax \|author=O'Connor, Patrick D.T. O'Connor \|date=1991 \|accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref>		ISO 9001 deals with the requirements that organizations wishing to meet the standard have to fulfill.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=46486 \|title=ISO 9001:2008 - Quality management systems -- Requirements \|publisher=International Organization for Standardization \|accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref> Third party certification bodies provide independent confirmation that organizations meet the requirements of ISO 9001. Over a million organizations worldwide<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.iso.org/iso/pressrelease.htm?refid=Ref1363 \|title=ISO 9001 certifications top one million mark, food safety and information security continue meteoric increase \|publisher=International Organization for Standardization \|date=25 October 2010 \|accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref> are independently certified, making ISO 9001 one of the most widely used management tools in the world today. Despite widespread use, however, the ISO certification process has been criticized<ref name="clifford">{{cite web \|url=http://www.inc.com/magazine/20050501/management.html \|title=So many standards to follow, so little payoff \|author=Clifford, Stephanie \|publisher=Inc. Magazine \|date=1 May 2005 \|accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref><ref name="wilson">{{cite web \|url=http://james.westgard.com/the_westgard_rules/2010/06/iso-not-so.html \|title=Is ISO the way to go? Some say, Not So \|author=Wilson, Ian \|publisher=Westgard QC, Inc. \|date=4 June 2010 \|accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref> as being wasteful and not being useful for all organizations.<ref name="seddon">{{cite web \|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/money/2000/nov/19/workandcareers.madeleinebunting \|title=The 'quality' you can't feel \|author=Seddon, John \|publisher=The Observer \|date=18 November 2000 \|accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref><ref name="seddon2">{{cite book \|url=http://www.systemsthinking.co.uk/3-1-article.asp \|title=The Case Against ISO 9000 \|chapter=Chapter 1: A Brief History of ISO 9000 - Where did we go wrong? \|edition=2nd \|author=Seddon, John \|publisher=Oak Tree Press \|year=2000 \|isbn=1-86076-173-9}}</ref><ref name= "OConnor">{{cite web \|url=http://www.pat-oconnor.co.uk/iso9000.htm \|title=ISO 9000: Help or Hoax \|author=O'Connor, Patrick D.T. O'Connor \|date=1991 \|accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref>

			==History==
			The ISO 9000 family of standards was originally built on several British standards developed in the early 1970s: BS 9000, BS 5179, and BS 5750. These quality assurance standards were initially related to the electronics manufacturing industry and set guidelines on managing supply-side quality through auditing and contractual documentation.<ref name="His90001">{{cite web \|url=http://www.british-assessment.co.uk/articles/the-history-of-iso-9000 \|title=The history of ISO 9000 \|publisher=The British Assessment Bureau \|date=04 April 2012 \|accessdate=19 February 2015}}</ref> However, the history of ISO 9000 can be traced back even further to the publication of the United States Department of Defense MIL-Q-9858 standard in 1959. MIL-Q-9858 was revised into the NATO AQAP series of standards in 1969, which in turn were revised into the BS 5179 series of guidance standards published in 1974, and finally revised into the BS 5750 series of requirements standards in 1979.<ref name="Miura">{{cite web \|url=http://asq.org/fdc/2012/06/mil-q-9858a-the-origin-of-iso-9001.html?shl=109629 \|title=MIL-Q-9858A, the Origin of ISO 9001 \|author=Miura, Akio \|work=Tech Journal \|publisher=ASQ \|date=September 2004 \|accessdate=19 February 2015}}</ref><ref name="Lamprecht">{{cite book \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fSFlJSZLgfgC&pg=PA132 \|title=Quality and Power in the Supply Chain: What Industry Does for the Sake of Quality \|chapter=Chapter 12: The ISO 9000 Phenomenon and the Privatization of Military Standards \|author=Lamprecht, James L. \|publisher=Newnes \|year=2000 \|pages=125–148 \|isbn=9780750673433 \|accessdate=19 February 2015}}</ref>

			As the idea of company certification of meeting a certain level of quality became more attractive, the push for a more rigorous international standard (primarily led by the British Standards Institute [BSI]<ref name="BSI9000">{{cite web \|url=http://www.bsigroup.com/LocalFiles/EN-HK/ISO%20revision%20video/ISO_9001_Whitepaper_-_the_history_and_future_of_ISO_9001.pdf \|format=PDF \|title=ISO 9001 Whitepaper: The history and future of ISO 9001 \|publisher=BSI \|accessdate=19 February 2015}}</ref>) resulted in the creation of the ISO 9000 family in 1987.<ref name="His90001" /> Originally based on BS 5750, the ISO 9000 family started out with three quality management models and a set of guidelines for following them<ref name="His90002">{{cite web \|url=http://www.standardsconsultants.com/iso-9000-overview \|title=History of ISO 9000 at a glance \|publisher=Standards Consultants Ltd \|accessdate=19 February 2015}}</ref><ref name="9000-1987">{{cite web \|url=http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_ics/catalogue_detail_ics.htm?csnumber=16529 \|title=ISO 9000:1987 \|publisher=International Organization for Standardization \|accessdate=19 February 2015}}</ref>:

			* ISO 9001:1987 Model for quality assurance in design, development, production, installation, and servicing
			* ISO 9002:1987 Model for quality assurance in production, installation, and servicing
			* ISO 9003:1987 Model for quality assurance in final inspection and test
			* ISO 9004.1:1987 Quality management and quality system elements - Part 1: Guidelines

			===Changes to ISO 9000===
			In 1994, the ISO 9000 standards were updated to place focus on the importance of quality control and preventative action, and emphasize the need for the documentation of procedures.<ref name="9000-1987" /><ref name="Kaizen">{{cite web \|url=http://www.kcg.com.sg/history-iso9000.html \|title=History and Evolution of ISO 9000 \|publisher=Kaizen Consulting Group \|accessdate=19 February 2015}}</ref>

			In 2000, ISO 9001, 9002, and 9003 were combined into ISO 9001:2000, with a major shift in focus towards quality management versus quality control as well as a focus on process management, "the monitoring and optimizing of a company's tasks and activities, instead of just inspecting the final product."<ref name="Kaizen" /> It directed manufacturers to carefully examine client requirements in order to design and improve processes and improve customer satisfaction.<ref name="9000-1987" />

			The 2008 changes to ISO 9001 were minimal, clarifying and simplifying language while making it more consistent with other standards.<ref name="Kaizen" /><ref name="9000-1987" />

			The ISO 9004 guidelines document was updated in 2009 "to promote a sustainable business approach" that focused on all stakeholders.<ref name="9000-1987" />

			An updated version of ISO 9001 is expected at the end of 2015 if the ISO members vote favorably in the second quarter of 2015.<ref name="Countdown">{{cite web \|url=http://www.qualitydigest.com/inside/quality-insider-article/countdown-iso-90012015.html \|title=Countdown to ISO 9001:2015 \|author=Calabrese, Rick \|work=Quality Digest \|publisher=Quality Digest \|date=03 December 2014 \|accessdate=19 February 2015}}</ref> With the revision the scope of the standard will not change. An essential change, however, will affect the structure. The new ISO 9001:2015 will follow the so-called high-level structure. This, and the uniform use of core texts and terms, will enable an identical structure for all management systems.<ref name="Nigel">{{cite web \|url=http://www.iso.org/iso/home/news_index/news_archive/news.htm?refid=Ref1633 \|title=ISO 9001:2015 and beyond - Preparing for the next 25 years of quality management standards \|author=Croft, Nigel H. \|publisher=International Organization for Standardization \|date=28 August 2012 \|accessdate=19 February 2015}}</ref>

	==Further reading==		==Further reading==

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	[[Category:~~Regulatory information~~]]		[[Category:Production standards]]

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	'''ISO 9000 ''' is a family of standards related to quality management systems and designed to help organizations ensure that they meet the needs of customers and other stakeholders.<ref>{{Cite journal \|title=The state of ISO 9000 certification: A study of Swedish organisations \|url=http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=842040&show=abstract \|year=2002 \|journal=The TQM Magazine \|volume=14 \|issue=5 \|last1=Poksinska \|first1=B. \|last2=Dahlgaard \|first2=J.J. \|last3= Antoni \|first3= M. \|accessdate= 2010-11-22}}</ref> The standards are published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and are available through national standards bodies. ISO 9000 deals with the fundamentals of quality management systems <ref name="emeraldinsight.com">{{Cite journal \|title= An adaptation to ISO 9001: 2000 for certified organisations \|url= http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=868561&show=abstract \|year=2002 \|journal=Managerial Auditing Journal \|volume=17 \|issue=5 \|last1=Tsim \|first1=Y.C. \|last2=Yeung \|first2=V. W. S. \|last3=Leung \|first3=E. T. C. \|accessdate=2010-11-22}}</ref>, including the eight management principles on which the family of standards is based.<ref>{{Cite journal \|title=Implementing ISO 9000: A study of its benefits among Australian organizations \|url=http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a713600335 \|year=1999 \|journal=Total Quality Management \|pages=95–106 \|volume=1 \|issue=1 \|last1=Beattie \|first1=K.R. \|last2=Sohal \| first2=A.S. \|accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref><ref name="emeraldinsight.com"/>		'''ISO 9000 ''' is a family of standards related to quality management systems and designed to help organizations ensure that they meet the needs of customers and other stakeholders.<ref>{{Cite journal \|title=The state of ISO 9000 certification: A study of Swedish organisations \|url=http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=842040&show=abstract \|year=2002 \|journal=The TQM Magazine \|volume=14 \|issue=5 \|last1=Poksinska \|first1=B. \|last2=Dahlgaard \|first2=J.J. \|last3= Antoni \|first3= M. \|accessdate= 2010-11-22}}</ref> The standards are published by the [[International Organization for Standardization]] (ISO) and are available through national standards bodies. ISO 9000 deals with the fundamentals of quality management systems <ref name="emeraldinsight.com">{{Cite journal \|title= An adaptation to ISO 9001: 2000 for certified organisations \|url= http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=868561&show=abstract \|year=2002 \|journal=Managerial Auditing Journal \|volume=17 \|issue=5 \|last1=Tsim \|first1=Y.C. \|last2=Yeung \|first2=V. W. S. \|last3=Leung \|first3=E. T. C. \|accessdate=2010-11-22}}</ref>, including the eight management principles on which the family of standards is based.<ref>{{Cite journal \|title=Implementing ISO 9000: A study of its benefits among Australian organizations \|url=http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a713600335 \|year=1999 \|journal=Total Quality Management \|pages=95–106 \|volume=1 \|issue=1 \|last1=Beattie \|first1=K.R. \|last2=Sohal \| first2=A.S. \|accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref><ref name="emeraldinsight.com"/>

	ISO 9001 deals with the requirements that organizations wishing to meet the standard have to fulfill.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=46486 \|title=ISO 9001:2008 - Quality management systems -- Requirements \|publisher=International Organization for Standardization \|accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref> Third party certification bodies provide independent confirmation that organizations meet the requirements of ISO 9001. Over a million organizations worldwide<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.iso.org/iso/pressrelease.htm?refid=Ref1363 \|title=ISO 9001 certifications top one million mark, food safety and information security continue meteoric increase \|publisher=International Organization for Standardization \|date=25 October 2010 \|accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref> are independently certified, making ISO 9001 one of the most widely used management tools in the world today. Despite widespread use, however, the ISO certification process has been criticized<ref name="clifford">{{cite web \|url=http://www.inc.com/magazine/20050501/management.html \|title=So many standards to follow, so little payoff \|author=Clifford, Stephanie \|publisher=Inc. Magazine \|date=1 May 2005 \|accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref><ref name="wilson">{{cite web \|url=http://james.westgard.com/the_westgard_rules/2010/06/iso-not-so.html \|title=Is ISO the way to go? Some say, Not So \|author=Wilson, Ian \|publisher=Westgard QC, Inc. \|date=4 June 2010 \|accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref> as being wasteful and not being useful for all organizations.<ref name="seddon">{{cite web \|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/money/2000/nov/19/workandcareers.madeleinebunting \|title=The 'quality' you can't feel \|author=Seddon, John \|publisher=The Observer \|date=18 November 2000 \|accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref><ref name="seddon2">{{cite book \|url=http://www.systemsthinking.co.uk/3-1-article.asp \|title=The Case Against ISO 9000 \|chapter=Chapter 1: A Brief History of ISO 9000 - Where did we go wrong? \|edition=2nd \|author=Seddon, John \|publisher=Oak Tree Press \|year=2000 \|isbn=1-86076-173-9}}</ref><ref name= "OConnor">{{cite web \|url=http://www.pat-oconnor.co.uk/iso9000.htm \|title=ISO 9000: Help or Hoax \|author=O'Connor, Patrick D.T. O'Connor \|date=1991 \|accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref>		ISO 9001 deals with the requirements that organizations wishing to meet the standard have to fulfill.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=46486 \|title=ISO 9001:2008 - Quality management systems -- Requirements \|publisher=International Organization for Standardization \|accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref> Third party certification bodies provide independent confirmation that organizations meet the requirements of ISO 9001. Over a million organizations worldwide<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.iso.org/iso/pressrelease.htm?refid=Ref1363 \|title=ISO 9001 certifications top one million mark, food safety and information security continue meteoric increase \|publisher=International Organization for Standardization \|date=25 October 2010 \|accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref> are independently certified, making ISO 9001 one of the most widely used management tools in the world today. Despite widespread use, however, the ISO certification process has been criticized<ref name="clifford">{{cite web \|url=http://www.inc.com/magazine/20050501/management.html \|title=So many standards to follow, so little payoff \|author=Clifford, Stephanie \|publisher=Inc. Magazine \|date=1 May 2005 \|accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref><ref name="wilson">{{cite web \|url=http://james.westgard.com/the_westgard_rules/2010/06/iso-not-so.html \|title=Is ISO the way to go? Some say, Not So \|author=Wilson, Ian \|publisher=Westgard QC, Inc. \|date=4 June 2010 \|accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref> as being wasteful and not being useful for all organizations.<ref name="seddon">{{cite web \|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/money/2000/nov/19/workandcareers.madeleinebunting \|title=The 'quality' you can't feel \|author=Seddon, John \|publisher=The Observer \|date=18 November 2000 \|accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref><ref name="seddon2">{{cite book \|url=http://www.systemsthinking.co.uk/3-1-article.asp \|title=The Case Against ISO 9000 \|chapter=Chapter 1: A Brief History of ISO 9000 - Where did we go wrong? \|edition=2nd \|author=Seddon, John \|publisher=Oak Tree Press \|year=2000 \|isbn=1-86076-173-9}}</ref><ref name= "OConnor">{{cite web \|url=http://www.pat-oconnor.co.uk/iso9000.htm \|title=ISO 9000: Help or Hoax \|author=O'Connor, Patrick D.T. O'Connor \|date=1991 \|accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref>

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	==References==		==References==
	<references />		<references />

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			[[Category:Regulatory information]]

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'''ISO 9000 ''' is a family of standards related to quality management systems and designed to help organizations ensure that they meet the needs of customers and other stakeholders.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=The state of ISO 9000 certification: A study of Swedish organisations |url=http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=842040&show=abstract |year=2002 |journal=The TQM Magazine |volume=14 |issue=5 |last1=Poksinska |first1=B. |last2=Dahlgaard |first2=J.J. |last3= Antoni |first3= M. |accessdate= 2010-11-22}}</ref> The standards are published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and are available through national standards bodies. ISO 9000 deals with the fundamentals of quality management systems <ref name="emeraldinsight.com">{{Cite journal |title= An adaptation to ISO 9001: 2000 for certified organisations |url= http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=868561&show=abstract |year=2002 |journal=Managerial Auditing Journal |volume=17 |issue=5 |last1=Tsim |first1=Y.C. |last2=Yeung |first2=V. W. S. |last3=Leung |first3=E. T. C. |accessdate=2010-11-22}}</ref>, including the eight management principles on which the family of standards is based.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Implementing ISO 9000: A study of its benefits among Australian organizations |url=http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a713600335 |year=1999 |journal=Total Quality Management |pages=95–106 |volume=1 |issue=1 |last1=Beattie |first1=K.R. |last2=Sohal | first2=A.S. |accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref><ref name="emeraldinsight.com"/>

ISO 9001 deals with the requirements that organizations wishing to meet the standard have to fulfill.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=46486 |title=ISO 9001:2008 - Quality management systems -- Requirements |publisher=International Organization for Standardization |accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref> Third party certification bodies provide independent confirmation that organizations meet the requirements of ISO 9001. Over a million organizations worldwide<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iso.org/iso/pressrelease.htm?refid=Ref1363 |title=ISO 9001 certifications top one million mark, food safety and information security continue meteoric increase |publisher=International Organization for Standardization |date=25 October 2010 |accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref> are independently certified, making ISO 9001 one of the most widely used management tools in the world today. Despite widespread use, however, the ISO certification process has been criticized<ref name="clifford">{{cite web |url=http://www.inc.com/magazine/20050501/management.html |title=So many standards to follow, so little payoff |author=Clifford, Stephanie |publisher=Inc. Magazine |date=1 May 2005 |accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref><ref name="wilson">{{cite web |url=http://james.westgard.com/the_westgard_rules/2010/06/iso-not-so.html |title=Is ISO the way to go? Some say, Not So |author=Wilson, Ian |publisher=Westgard QC, Inc. |date=4 June 2010 |accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref> as being wasteful and not being useful for all organizations.<ref name="seddon">{{cite web |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/money/2000/nov/19/workandcareers.madeleinebunting |title=The 'quality' you can't feel |author=Seddon, John |publisher=The Observer |date=18 November 2000 |accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref><ref name="seddon2">{{cite book |url=http://www.systemsthinking.co.uk/3-1-article.asp |title=The Case Against ISO 9000 |chapter=Chapter 1: A Brief History of ISO 9000 - Where did we go wrong? |edition=2nd |author=Seddon, John |publisher=Oak Tree Press |year=2000 |isbn=1-86076-173-9}}</ref><ref name= "OConnor">{{cite web |url=http://www.pat-oconnor.co.uk/iso9000.htm |title=ISO 9000: Help or Hoax |author=O'Connor, Patrick D.T. O'Connor |date=1991 |accessdate=28 February 2012}}</ref>

==Further reading==
* Bamford, Robert; Deibler, William (2003). ''ISO 9001: 2000 for Software and Systems Providers: An Engineering Approach'' (1st ed.). CRC-Press. ISBN 0849320631, ISBN 978-0849320637
* Naveh. E., Marcus, A. (2004). "When does ISO 9000 Quality Assurance standard lead to performance improvement?", ''IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management'', 51(3), 352–363.
* http://www.iso.org/iso/survey2007.pdf - An abstract of the 2007's ISO survey of certificates.
* http://www.iso.org/iso/survey2008.pdf - An abstract of the 2008's ISO survey of certificates.

==References==
<references />