Hospital - Revision history

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	<!---Place all category tags here-->		<!---Place all category tags here-->
	[[Category:Healthcare ~~setting~~]]		[[Category:Healthcare settings]]

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	* {{cite book \|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=yDja3bcjj84C \|title=Hospitals: What They Are and How They Work \|author=Snook, I. Donald \|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning \|year=2003 \|pages=266 \|isbn=9780763745592}}		* {{cite book \|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=yDja3bcjj84C \|title=Hospitals: What They Are and How They Work \|author=Snook, I. Donald \|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning \|year=2003 \|pages=266 \|isbn=9780763745592}}
	* {{cite book \|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=YCI7LE0KEccC&printsec=frontcover \|title=2012 Hospital Accreditation Standards \|author=The Joint Commission \|publisher=Joint Commission Resources \|year=2011 \|pages=168 \|isbn=9781599404257}}		* {{cite book \|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=YCI7LE0KEccC&printsec=frontcover \|title=2012 Hospital Accreditation Standards \|author=The Joint Commission \|publisher=Joint Commission Resources \|year=2011 \|pages=168 \|isbn=9781599404257}}

			==Notes==

			Some elements of this article are reused from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital the Wikipedia article].

	==References==		==References==

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			[[File:Hospital room ubt.jpeg\|thumb\|340px\|right\|A standard hospital room in Denmark]]
	A '''hospital''' is a health care institution providing patient care and treatment, study of diseases, and training for doctors and nurses.<ref name="GoyalHospAdmin">{{cite book \|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=30jR5T-tX6EC&pg=PA3 \|title=Hospital Administration And Human Resource Management \|author=Goyal, R. C. \|publisher=PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd \|year=2005 \|isbn=9788120328747 \|accessdate=3 April 2014}}</ref> Hospitals are usually funded by the public sector, by for-profit and non-profit health organizations, health insurance companies, or charitable organizations. Historically, hospitals were often founded and funded by religious orders or charitable individuals and leaders.<ref name="HallAltar">{{cite journal \|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2605310/ \|journal=Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine \|title=Altar and Table: A phenomenology of the surgeon-priest \|author=Hall, Daniel \|volume=81 \|issue=4 \|date=December 2008 \|pages=193–198 \|pmc=PMC2605310 \|accessdate=3 April 2014}}</ref> Today, hospitals are largely staffed by professional physicians, surgeons, and nurses. However, various Catholic religious orders such as the Alexians and the Bon Secours Sisters still focus on hospital ministry today, as well as several Christian denominations, including the Methodists and Lutherans, which run hospitals.<ref name="LovollPortrait">{{cite book \|url=http://books.google.com/books/about/The_Promise_Fulfilled.html?id=JoJ4uG400WQC \|title=The Promise Fulfilled: A Portrait of Norwegian Americans Today \|author=Lovoll, Odd Svere \|publisher=U of Minnesota Press \|year=1998 \|page=192 \|isbn=9780816628322}}</ref>		A '''hospital''' is a health care institution providing patient care and treatment, study of diseases, and training for doctors and nurses.<ref name="GoyalHospAdmin">{{cite book \|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=30jR5T-tX6EC&pg=PA3 \|title=Hospital Administration And Human Resource Management \|author=Goyal, R. C. \|publisher=PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd \|year=2005 \|isbn=9788120328747 \|accessdate=3 April 2014}}</ref> Hospitals are usually funded by the public sector, by for-profit and non-profit health organizations, health insurance companies, or charitable organizations. Historically, hospitals were often founded and funded by religious orders or charitable individuals and leaders.<ref name="HallAltar">{{cite journal \|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2605310/ \|journal=Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine \|title=Altar and Table: A phenomenology of the surgeon-priest \|author=Hall, Daniel \|volume=81 \|issue=4 \|date=December 2008 \|pages=193–198 \|pmc=PMC2605310 \|accessdate=3 April 2014}}</ref> Today, hospitals are largely staffed by professional physicians, surgeons, and nurses. However, various Catholic religious orders such as the Alexians and the Bon Secours Sisters still focus on hospital ministry today, as well as several Christian denominations, including the Methodists and Lutherans, which run hospitals.<ref name="LovollPortrait">{{cite book \|url=http://books.google.com/books/about/The_Promise_Fulfilled.html?id=JoJ4uG400WQC \|title=The Promise Fulfilled: A Portrait of Norwegian Americans Today \|author=Lovoll, Odd Svere \|publisher=U of Minnesota Press \|year=1998 \|page=192 \|isbn=9780816628322}}</ref>

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	==Departments==		==Departments==
	Hospitals vary widely in the services they offer and therefore, in the departments (or "wards") they have. Each is usually headed by a chief physician. Hospitals often contain acute services such as an emergency department or specialist trauma center, burn unit, surgical center, or urgent care unit. These may then be backed up by more specialist units such as<ref name="SnookHosp">{{cite book \|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=yDja3bcjj84C \|title=Hospitals: What They Are and How They Work \|author=Snook, I. Donald \|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning \|year=2003 \|isbn=9780763745592 \|accessdate=3 April 2014}}</ref>:		[[File:Intensivstation (01) 2007-03-03.jpg\|thumb\|320px\|right\|An intensive care unit at a German hospital]]
			Hospitals vary widely in the services they offer and therefore, in the departments (or "wards") they have. Each is usually headed by a chief physician. Hospitals often contain acute services such as an emergency department or specialist trauma center, burn unit, surgical center, or urgent care unit. These may then be backed up by more specialist units such as<ref name="SnookHosp">{{cite book \|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=yDja3bcjj84C \|title=Hospitals: What They Are and How They Work \|author=Snook, I. Donald \|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning \|year=2003 \|pages=266 \|isbn=9780763745592 \|accessdate=3 April 2014}}</ref>:

	* anesthesiology		* anesthesiology
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	==Accreditation==		==Accreditation==
	Independent external assessment of quality is one of the most powerful ways to assess the health care delivered by a hospital. Hospital accreditation is one means by which this is achieved.<ref name="MyersPat">{{cite book \|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=bzn-GKqmaTkC&printsec=frontcover \|title=Patient Safety and Hospital Accreditation: A Model for Ensuring Success \|author=Myers, Sharon \|publisher=Springer Publishing Company \|year=2012 \|isbn=9780826106407}}</ref> In many parts of the world such accreditation is sourced from other countries, a phenomenon known as international healthcare accreditation, by groups such as Accreditation Canada (Canada), The Joint Commission (U.S.), the Trent Accreditation Scheme (U.K.), and Haute Authorité de santé (HAS; France).		Independent external assessment of quality is one of the most powerful ways to assess the health care delivered by a hospital. Hospital accreditation is one means by which this is achieved.<ref name="MyersPat">{{cite book \|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=bzn-GKqmaTkC&printsec=frontcover \|title=Patient Safety and Hospital Accreditation: A Model for Ensuring Success \|author=Myers, Sharon \|publisher=Springer Publishing Company \|year=2012 \|pages=326 \|isbn=9780826106407}}</ref> In many parts of the world such accreditation is sourced from other countries, a phenomenon known as international healthcare accreditation, by groups such as Accreditation Canada (Canada), The Joint Commission (U.S.), the Trent Accreditation Scheme (U.K.), and Haute Authorité de santé (HAS; France).

	==Further reading==		==Further reading==
	* {{cite book \|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=bzn-GKqmaTkC&printsec=frontcover \|title=Patient Safety and Hospital Accreditation: A Model for Ensuring Success \|author=Myers, Sharon \|publisher=Springer Publishing Company \|year=2012 \|isbn=9780826106407}}		* {{cite book \|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=nHQgAQAAIAAJ \|title=The Hospital in History \|author=Granshaw, Lindsay; Porter, Roy (eds.) \|publisher=Routledge \|year=1989 \|pages=273 \|isbn=9780415003759}}
	* {{cite book \|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=yDja3bcjj84C \|title=Hospitals: What They Are and How They Work \|author=Snook, I. Donald \|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning \|year=2003 \|isbn=9780763745592}}		* {{cite book \|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=bzn-GKqmaTkC&printsec=frontcover \|title=Patient Safety and Hospital Accreditation: A Model for Ensuring Success \|author=Myers, Sharon \|publisher=Springer Publishing Company \|year=2012 \|pages=326 \|isbn=9780826106407}}
	* {{cite book \|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=YCI7LE0KEccC&printsec=frontcover \|title=2012 Hospital Accreditation Standards \|author=The Joint Commission \|publisher=Joint Commission Resources \|year=2011 \|isbn=9781599404257}}		* {{cite book \|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=yDja3bcjj84C \|title=Hospitals: What They Are and How They Work \|author=Snook, I. Donald \|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning \|year=2003 \|pages=266 \|isbn=9780763745592}}
			* {{cite book \|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=YCI7LE0KEccC&printsec=frontcover \|title=2012 Hospital Accreditation Standards \|author=The Joint Commission \|publisher=Joint Commission Resources \|year=2011 \|pages=168 \|isbn=9781599404257}}

	==References==		==References==
	<references />		<references />

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	Common support units include a dispensary or pharmacy, pathology, and radiology. On the non-medical side, medical records, information management (IM, IT, or IS), clinical engineering (aka biomed), facilities management, plant ops (aka maintenance), dining services, and security departments provide important support to patients and staff alike.<ref name="SnookHosp" />		Common support units include a dispensary or pharmacy, pathology, and radiology. On the non-medical side, medical records, information management (IM, IT, or IS), clinical engineering (aka biomed), facilities management, plant ops (aka maintenance), dining services, and security departments provide important support to patients and staff alike.<ref name="SnookHosp" />

			==Funding==
			In the modern era, hospitals are typically funded by the government of the country in which they are situated, supported by charitable or religious associations, or operated and funded in the private sector.

			In the United Kingdom for example, a relatively comprehensive, "free at the point of delivery" health care system exists, funded by the state. Hospital care is available to all legal residents, although free emergency care is available to anyone, regardless of nationality or status. As hospitals prioritize their limited resources, waiting lists for non-crucial treatment are beginning to appear in some countries, as opposed to letting higher-payers get treated first. Instead those who can afford it may take out private health care to get treatment more quickly.<ref name="JohnstonSurg">{{cite web \|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/southern-cross-healthcare/news/article.cfm?o_id=366&objectid=10487870 \|title=Surgery worries create insurance boom \|author=Johnston, Martin \|date=21 January 2008 \|work=The New Zealand Herald \|accessdate=3 April 2014}}</ref> On the other hand, some countries, including the United States, have in the twentieth century introduced a private, for-profit approach to providing hospital care, with few state-supported charity hospitals remaining today.<ref name="SmithHosp">{{cite web \|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/money/industries/health/2006-04-25-new-orleans-hospitals-usat_x.htm \|title=Hospitals in New Orleans see surge in uninsured patients but not public funds \|author=Smith, Elliot Blair \|publisher=USA Today \|date=26 April 2006 \|accessdate=3 April 2014}}</ref> For-profit hospitals in such countries that tend to admit uninsured patients in emergency situations (such as during and after Hurricane Katrina in the USA) incur direct financial losses<ref name="SmithHosp" />, ensuring a clear disincentive to admit such patients. In the United States, however, laws exist to ensure patients receive care in life threatening emergency situations regardless of the patient's ability to pay.<ref name="EMTALA">{{cite web \|url=http://www.cms.gov/Regulations-and-Guidance/Legislation/EMTALA/index.html \|title=Emergency Medical Treatment & Labor Act (EMTALA) \|publisher=Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services \|date=26 March 2012 \|accessdate=3 April 2014}}</ref>

			==Accreditation==
			Independent external assessment of quality is one of the most powerful ways to assess the health care delivered by a hospital. Hospital accreditation is one means by which this is achieved.<ref name="MyersPat">{{cite book \|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=bzn-GKqmaTkC&printsec=frontcover \|title=Patient Safety and Hospital Accreditation: A Model for Ensuring Success \|author=Myers, Sharon \|publisher=Springer Publishing Company \|year=2012 \|isbn=9780826106407}}</ref> In many parts of the world such accreditation is sourced from other countries, a phenomenon known as international healthcare accreditation, by groups such as Accreditation Canada (Canada), The Joint Commission (U.S.), the Trent Accreditation Scheme (U.K.), and Haute Authorité de santé (HAS; France).

			==Further reading==
			* {{cite book \|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=bzn-GKqmaTkC&printsec=frontcover \|title=Patient Safety and Hospital Accreditation: A Model for Ensuring Success \|author=Myers, Sharon \|publisher=Springer Publishing Company \|year=2012 \|isbn=9780826106407}}
			* {{cite book \|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=yDja3bcjj84C \|title=Hospitals: What They Are and How They Work \|author=Snook, I. Donald \|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning \|year=2003 \|isbn=9780763745592}}
			* {{cite book \|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=YCI7LE0KEccC&printsec=frontcover \|title=2012 Hospital Accreditation Standards \|author=The Joint Commission \|publisher=Joint Commission Resources \|year=2011 \|isbn=9781599404257}}
	==References==		==References==
	<references />		<references />

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	==Departments==		==Departments==
	Hospitals vary widely in the services they offer and therefore, in the departments (or "wards") they have. Each is usually headed by a chief physician. Hospitals often contain acute services such as an emergency department or specialist trauma center, burn unit, surgical center, or urgent care unit. These may then be backed up by more specialist units such as:		Hospitals vary widely in the services they offer and therefore, in the departments (or "wards") they have. Each is usually headed by a chief physician. Hospitals often contain acute services such as an emergency department or specialist trauma center, burn unit, surgical center, or urgent care unit. These may then be backed up by more specialist units such as<ref name="SnookHosp">{{cite book \|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=yDja3bcjj84C \|title=Hospitals: What They Are and How They Work \|author=Snook, I. Donald \|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning \|year=2003 \|isbn=9780763745592 \|accessdate=3 April 2014}}</ref>:

			* anesthesiology
	* cardiology		* cardiology
	* intensive care unit		* intensive care unit
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	Some hospitals will have outpatient departments as well as chronic treatment units such as behavioral health services, dentistry, dermatology, psychiatric ward, rehabilitation center, and physical therapy center.		Some hospitals will have outpatient departments as well as chronic treatment units such as behavioral health services, dentistry, dermatology, psychiatric ward, rehabilitation center, and physical therapy center.

	Common support units include a dispensary or pharmacy, pathology, and radiology. On the non-medical side, medical records, information management (IM, IT, or IS), clinical engineering (aka biomed), facilities management, plant ops (aka maintenance), dining services, and security departments provide important support to patients and staff alike.		Common support units include a dispensary or pharmacy, pathology, and radiology. On the non-medical side, medical records, information management (IM, IT, or IS), clinical engineering (aka biomed), facilities management, plant ops (aka maintenance), dining services, and security departments provide important support to patients and staff alike.<ref name="SnookHosp" />

	==References==		==References==

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	===Teaching===		===Teaching===
	A teaching hospital combines assistance to patients with teaching to medical students and nurses and often is linked to a medical school, nursing school, or university. These hospitals may also conduct medical research in affiliation with the university.		A teaching hospital combines assistance to patients with teaching to medical students and nurses and often is linked to a medical school, nursing school, or university. These hospitals may also conduct medical research in affiliation with the university.

			==Departments==
			Hospitals vary widely in the services they offer and therefore, in the departments (or "wards") they have. Each is usually headed by a chief physician. Hospitals often contain acute services such as an emergency department or specialist trauma center, burn unit, surgical center, or urgent care unit. These may then be backed up by more specialist units such as:

			* cardiology
			* intensive care unit
			** pediatric intensive care unit
			** neonatal intensive care unit
			** cardiovascular intensive care unit
			* neurology
			* oncology
			* obstetrics and gynecology

			Some hospitals will have outpatient departments as well as chronic treatment units such as behavioral health services, dentistry, dermatology, psychiatric ward, rehabilitation center, and physical therapy center.

			Common support units include a dispensary or pharmacy, pathology, and radiology. On the non-medical side, medical records, information management (IM, IT, or IS), clinical engineering (aka biomed), facilities management, plant ops (aka maintenance), dining services, and security departments provide important support to patients and staff alike.

	==References==		==References==

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2014-04-03T14:39:59Z

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	A '''hospital''' is a health care institution providing patient treatment by ~~specialized staff~~ and ~~equipment~~.		A '''hospital''' is a health care institution providing patient care and treatment, study of diseases, and training for doctors and nurses.<ref name="GoyalHospAdmin">{{cite book \|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=30jR5T-tX6EC&pg=PA3 \|title=Hospital Administration And Human Resource Management \|author=Goyal, R. C. \|publisher=PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd \|year=2005 \|isbn=9788120328747 \|accessdate=3 April 2014}}</ref> Hospitals are usually funded by the public sector, by for-profit and non-profit health organizations, health insurance companies, or charitable organizations. Historically, hospitals were often founded and funded by religious orders or charitable individuals and leaders.<ref name="HallAltar">{{cite journal \|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2605310/ \|journal=Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine \|title=Altar and Table: A phenomenology of the surgeon-priest \|author=Hall, Daniel \|volume=81 \|issue=4 \|date=December 2008 \|pages=193–198 \|pmc=PMC2605310 \|accessdate=3 April 2014}}</ref> Today, hospitals are largely staffed by professional physicians, surgeons, and nurses. However, various Catholic religious orders such as the Alexians and the Bon Secours Sisters still focus on hospital ministry today, as well as several Christian denominations, including the Methodists and Lutherans, which run hospitals.<ref name="LovollPortrait">{{cite book \|url=http://books.google.com/books/about/The_Promise_Fulfilled.html?id=JoJ4uG400WQC \|title=The Promise Fulfilled: A Portrait of Norwegian Americans Today \|author=Lovoll, Odd Svere \|publisher=U of Minnesota Press \|year=1998 \|page=192 \|isbn=9780816628322}}</ref>

	~~Hospitals are usually funded by~~ the ~~public sector~~, by for~~-profit and non-profit health organizations~~, ~~health insurance companies~~, ~~or charitable organizations. Historically~~, ~~hospitals were often founded~~ and ~~funded by religious orders or charitable individuals and leaders~~.<ref name="~~HallAltar~~">{{cite ~~journal~~ \|url=http://~~www.ncbi~~.~~nlm~~.~~nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2605310~~/ ~~\|journal~~=~~Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine~~ \|title=~~Altar~~ and ~~Table: A phenomenology~~ of the ~~surgeon-priest~~ \|author=~~Hall~~, ~~Daniel~~ \|~~volume~~=81 \|~~issue~~=~~4 \|date=December 2008~~ \|pages=~~193–198 \|pmc=PMC2605310~~ \|accessdate=3 April 2014}}</ref>		In accord with the original meaning of the word, hospitals were originally "places of hospitality" for the needy<ref name="PorterPeng">{{cite book \|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=f0hpkgSztesC \|title=The Penguin Social History of Britain: English Society in the Eighteenth Century \|author=Porter, Roy \|publisher=Penguin UK \|year=2001 \|isbn=9780141926476 \|accessdate=3 April 2014}}</ref>, and this meaning is still preserved in the names of some institutions such as the Royal Hospital Chelsea, established in 1681 as a retirement and nursing home for veteran soldiers.<ref name="HuttPapers">{{cite book \|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=JdKgAAAAMAAJ \|title=Papers Illustrative of the Origin and Early History of the Royal Hospital at Chelsea \|author=Hutt, George (ed.) \|publisher=G. E. Eyre and W. Spottiswoode \|year=1872 \|pages=343 \|accessdate=3 April 2014}}</ref>

	~~Today~~, hospitals are ~~largely staffed~~ by ~~professional physicians, surgeons, and nurses, whereas~~ in ~~the past, this work was usually performed by the founding religious orders or by volunteers~~. ~~However, various Catholic religious orders such as the Alexians and~~ the ~~Bon Secours Sisters still focus on~~ hospital ~~ministry today~~, ~~as well as several Christian denominations~~, ~~including the Methodists and Lutherans~~, ~~which run hospitals.<ref name="LovollPortrait">{{cite book \|url=http://books.google.com/books/about/The_Promise_Fulfilled~~.~~html?id=JoJ4uG400WQC \|title=The Promise Fulfilled: A Portrait of Norwegian Americans Today \|author=Lovoll~~, ~~Odd Svere \|publisher=U~~ of ~~Minnesota Press \|year=1998 \|page=192 \|isbn=9780816628322}}</ref>~~		==Types==
			A hospital may be a single building or a number of buildings on a campus. Many hospitals with pre-twentieth-century origins began as one building and evolved into campuses. Worldwide, most hospitals are run on a nonprofit basis by governments or charities. Some hospitals may be affiliated with universities. Hospital services are typically utilized in one of two ways. Some patients use the hospital for outpatient care, primarily for diagnosis, treatment, or therapy without staying overnight. Others must opt for inpatient care, admitted for overnight care over a period of two or more days for complicated illnesses and procedures.

	~~In accord~~ with the ~~original meaning~~ of the ~~word~~, hospitals ~~were originally "places~~ of ~~hospitality" for~~ the ~~needy~~<ref name="~~PorterPeng~~">{{cite ~~book~~ \|url=http://~~books~~.~~google~~.com/~~books?id=f0hpkgSztesC~~ \|title=~~The Penguin Social History of Britain: English Society in the Eighteenth Century~~ \|author=~~Porter~~, ~~Roy~~ \|publisher=~~Penguin UK~~ \|~~year~~=~~2001~~ \|~~isbn~~=~~9780141926476~~ \|accessdate=3 April 2014}}</ref>, ~~and this meaning is still preserved in~~ the ~~names~~ of ~~some institutions such as the Royal Hospital Chelsea~~, ~~established in 1681~~ as a ~~retirement and~~ nursing ~~home for veteran soldiers~~.		Hospitals should not be confused with clinics, a smaller outpatient-only facility that is often run by a government agency for health services or a private partnership of physicians (in nations where private practice is allowed).

			===General===
			The most common hospital type is the general hospital, which is organized to treat many kinds of disease and injury. A general hospital typically has an emergency department to deal with immediate and urgent threats to health. Larger cities may have several hospitals of varying sizes and facilities. Some hospitals, especially in the United States, have their own ambulance service.

			===District===
			A district hospital typically is the major health care facility in its region, with large numbers of beds for intensive care and long-term care.

			===Specialized===
			Types of specialized hospitals include trauma centers, rehabilitation hospitals, children's hospitals, geriatric hospitals, and hospitals for dealing with specific medical needs such as psychiatric problems or certain disease categories such as cardiac, oncology, or orthopedic.

			Specialized hospitals can help reduce health care costs compared to general hospitals. For example, Narayana Hrudayalaya's Bangalore cardiac unit, which specializes in cardiac surgery, allows for a significantly greater number of patients. It has 3000 beds (more than 20 times the average American hospital), and in pediatric heart surgery alone, it performs 3000 heart operations annually, making it by far the largest such facility in the world.<ref name="FCNarayana">{{cite web \|url=http://www.fastcompany.com/node/153 \|title=Narayana Hrudayalaya Hospitals \|author=Salter, Chuck \|work=Fast Company \|publisher=Mansueto Ventures \|date=7 February 2012\| accessdate=3 April 2014}}</ref><ref name="MorrisIndia">{{cite web \|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-10830889 \|title=India's 'production line' heart hospital \|author=Morris, Chris \|publisher=BBC \|date=1 August 2010 \|accessdate=3 April 2014}}</ref> Surgeons are paid on a fixed salary instead of per operation, thus the costs to the hospital drops when the number of procedures increases, taking advantage of economies of scale.<ref name="FCNarayana" /> Additionally, it is argued that costs go down as all its specialists become efficient by working on one "production line" procedure.<ref name="MorrisIndia" />

			===Teaching===
			A teaching hospital combines assistance to patients with teaching to medical students and nurses and often is linked to a medical school, nursing school, or university. These hospitals may also conduct medical research in affiliation with the university.

	==References==		==References==

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A '''hospital''' is a health care institution providing patient treatment by specialized staff and equipment.

Hospitals are usually funded by the public sector, by for-profit and non-profit health organizations, health insurance companies, or charitable organizations. Historically, hospitals were often founded and funded by religious orders or charitable individuals and leaders.<ref name="HallAltar">{{cite journal |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2605310/ |journal=Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine |title=Altar and Table: A phenomenology of the surgeon-priest |author=Hall, Daniel |volume=81 |issue=4 |date=December 2008 |pages=193–198 |pmc=PMC2605310 |accessdate=3 April 2014}}</ref>

Today, hospitals are largely staffed by professional physicians, surgeons, and nurses, whereas in the past, this work was usually performed by the founding religious orders or by volunteers. However, various Catholic religious orders such as the Alexians and the Bon Secours Sisters still focus on hospital ministry today, as well as several Christian denominations, including the Methodists and Lutherans, which run hospitals.<ref name="LovollPortrait">{{cite book |url=http://books.google.com/books/about/The_Promise_Fulfilled.html?id=JoJ4uG400WQC |title=The Promise Fulfilled: A Portrait of Norwegian Americans Today |author=Lovoll, Odd Svere |publisher=U of Minnesota Press |year=1998 |page=192 |isbn=9780816628322}}</ref>

In accord with the original meaning of the word, hospitals were originally "places of hospitality" for the needy<ref name="PorterPeng">{{cite book |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=f0hpkgSztesC |title=The Penguin Social History of Britain: English Society in the Eighteenth Century |author=Porter, Roy |publisher=Penguin UK |year=2001 |isbn=9780141926476 |accessdate=3 April 2014}}</ref>, and this meaning is still preserved in the names of some institutions such as the Royal Hospital Chelsea, established in 1681 as a retirement and nursing home for veteran soldiers.

==References==
<references />


[[Category:Healthcare setting]]