Health information technology - Revision history

Shawndouglas: /* References */ Cat

2022-09-20T15:28:14Z

References: Cat

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	<!---Place all category tags here-->		<!---Place all category tags here-->
			[[Category:Health informatics]]
	[[Category:Healthcare terms]]		[[Category:Healthcare terms]]

Shawndouglas: Fixed dead image and citation issue

2021-09-19T19:53:25Z

Fixed dead image and citation issue

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	[[File:~~Cornerstone EPIC Photo (3)~~.jpg\|thumb\|~~360px~~\|right\|Health information technology varies in implementation, from the hospital or physician's office to the home or patient bedside area.]]		[[File:Healthcare Apps for Android Tablets.jpg\|thumb\|430px\|right\|Health information technology varies in implementation, from the hospital or physician's office to the home or patient bedside area.]]
	'''Health information technology (HIT)''' is the application of "hardware and software in an effort to manage and manipulate health data and information."<ref name="CiampaHIT">{{cite book \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BdIZSlIXCcQC&printsec=frontcover \|title=Introduction to Healthcare Information Technology \|author=Ciampa, Mark; Revels, Mark \|publisher=Cengage Learning \|year=2013 \|pages=320 \|isbn=9781133787778 \|accessdate=24 June 2015}}</ref> HIT acts as a framework for the comprehensive management of health information originating from consumers, providers, governments, and insurers in order to improve the overall state of health care. Among those improvements, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) of the United States believes HIT can<ref name="CBOHIT08">{{cite web \|url=https://www.cbo.gov/sites/default/files/05-20-healthit.pdf \|format=PDF \|title=Evidence on the Costs and Benefits of Health Information Technology \|author=Hagen, Stuart; Richmond, Peter; Mazade, Leah (ed.) \|publisher=Congressional Budget Office \|pages=37 \|date=20 May 2008 \|accessdate=24 June 2015}}</ref>:		'''Health information technology (HIT)''' is the application of "hardware and software in an effort to manage and manipulate health data and information."<ref name="CiampaHIT">{{cite book \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BdIZSlIXCcQC&printsec=frontcover \|title=Introduction to Healthcare Information Technology \|author=Ciampa, Mark; Revels, Mark \|publisher=Cengage Learning \|year=2013 \|pages=320 \|isbn=9781133787778 \|accessdate=24 June 2015}}</ref> HIT acts as a framework for the comprehensive management of health information originating from consumers, providers, governments, and insurers in order to improve the overall state of health care. Among those improvements, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) of the United States believes HIT can<ref name="CBOHIT08">{{cite web \|url=https://www.cbo.gov/sites/default/files/05-20-healthit.pdf \|format=PDF \|title=Evidence on the Costs and Benefits of Health Information Technology \|author=Hagen, Stuart; Richmond, Peter; Mazade, Leah (ed.) \|publisher=Congressional Budget Office \|pages=37 \|date=20 May 2008 \|accessdate=24 June 2015}}</ref>:

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	==Technological barriers==		==Technological barriers==
	The introduction of technology into existing processes may introduce new sources of error.<ref name="KoppelCPOE">{{cite journal \|url=http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/293/10/1197 \|journal=JAMA \|title=Role of Computerized Physician Order Entry Systems in Facilitating Medication Errors \|author=Koppel, Ross et al. \|volume=293 \|issue=10 \|pages=1197–1203 \|doi=10.1001/jama.293.10.1197 \|pmid=15755942 \|accessdate=29 June 2015}}</ref><ref name="LohrErrors">{{cite web \|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2005/03/09/technology/doctors-journal-says-computing-is-no-panacea.html \|title=Doctors' Journal Says Computing Is No Panacea \|author=Lohr, Steve \|work=The New York Times \|publisher=The New York Times Company \|date=09 March 2005 \|accessdate=29 June 2015}}</ref> Technologically induced errors are significant and increasingly more evident in care delivery systems. Terms to describe this new area of error production include the label technological iatrogenesis for the process<ref name="PalmieriIat">{{cite journal \|url=http://www.hom.ba.ttu.edu/FordPub/Palmieri_JHCRM_2008_Technological%20iatrogenesis.pdf \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120212001907/http://www.hom.ba.ttu.edu/FordPub/Palmieri_JHCRM_2008_Technological%20iatrogenesis.pdf \|format=PDF \|journal=Journal of Healthcare Risk Management \|title=Technological iatrogenesis: New risks force heightened management awareness \|author=Palmieri, Patrick; Peterson, Lori T.; Ford, Eric W. \|volume=27 \|issue=4 \| pages=19–24 \|year=2007 \|doi=10.1002/jhrm.5600270405 \|pmid=20200891 \|archivedate=12 February 2012 \|accessdate=29 June 2015}}</ref> and e-iatrogenic for the individual error.<ref name="~~PalmieriIat~~">{{cite journal \|url=http://www.jamia.org/cgi/reprint/14/3/387.pdf \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217113728/http://www.jamia.org/cgi/reprint/14/3/387.pdf \|format=PDF \|journal=Journal of American Medical Informatics Association \|title=“e-Iatrogenesis”: The Most Critical Unintended Consequence of CPOE and other HIT \|author=Weiner, Jonathan P.; Kfuri, Toni; Chan, Kitty; Fowles, Jinnet B. \|volume=14 \|issue=3 \| pages=387–388 \|year=May/June 2007 \|doi=10.1197/jamia.M2338 \|pmid=17329719 \|archivedate=17 December 2008 \|accessdate=29 June 2015}}</ref> Problems include<ref name="ThornHIE" /><ref name="BhattacharjeeHIT" />:		The introduction of technology into existing processes may introduce new sources of error.<ref name="KoppelCPOE">{{cite journal \|url=http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/293/10/1197 \|journal=JAMA \|title=Role of Computerized Physician Order Entry Systems in Facilitating Medication Errors \|author=Koppel, Ross et al. \|volume=293 \|issue=10 \|pages=1197–1203 \|doi=10.1001/jama.293.10.1197 \|pmid=15755942 \|accessdate=29 June 2015}}</ref><ref name="LohrErrors">{{cite web \|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2005/03/09/technology/doctors-journal-says-computing-is-no-panacea.html \|title=Doctors' Journal Says Computing Is No Panacea \|author=Lohr, Steve \|work=The New York Times \|publisher=The New York Times Company \|date=09 March 2005 \|accessdate=29 June 2015}}</ref> Technologically induced errors are significant and increasingly more evident in care delivery systems. Terms to describe this new area of error production include the label technological iatrogenesis for the process<ref name="PalmieriIat">{{cite journal \|url=http://www.hom.ba.ttu.edu/FordPub/Palmieri_JHCRM_2008_Technological%20iatrogenesis.pdf \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120212001907/http://www.hom.ba.ttu.edu/FordPub/Palmieri_JHCRM_2008_Technological%20iatrogenesis.pdf \|format=PDF \|journal=Journal of Healthcare Risk Management \|title=Technological iatrogenesis: New risks force heightened management awareness \|author=Palmieri, Patrick; Peterson, Lori T.; Ford, Eric W. \|volume=27 \|issue=4 \| pages=19–24 \|year=2007 \|doi=10.1002/jhrm.5600270405 \|pmid=20200891 \|archivedate=12 February 2012 \|accessdate=29 June 2015}}</ref> and e-iatrogenic for the individual error.<ref name="WeinerEIatro07">{{cite journal \|url=http://www.jamia.org/cgi/reprint/14/3/387.pdf \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217113728/http://www.jamia.org/cgi/reprint/14/3/387.pdf \|format=PDF \|journal=Journal of American Medical Informatics Association \|title=“e-Iatrogenesis”: The Most Critical Unintended Consequence of CPOE and other HIT \|author=Weiner, Jonathan P.; Kfuri, Toni; Chan, Kitty; Fowles, Jinnet B. \|volume=14 \|issue=3 \| pages=387–388 \|year=May/June 2007 \|doi=10.1197/jamia.M2338 \|pmid=17329719 \|archivedate=17 December 2008 \|accessdate=29 June 2015}}</ref> Problems include<ref name="ThornHIE" /><ref name="BhattacharjeeHIT" />:

	* Prescriber and staff inexperience may lead to a false sense of security that when technology suggests a course of action, errors are avoided.		* Prescriber and staff inexperience may lead to a false sense of security that when technology suggests a course of action, errors are avoided.

Shawndouglas: /* Types of technology */ Internal link

2015-12-08T22:27:23Z

Types of technology: Internal link

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	==Types of technology==		==Types of technology==
	Numerous types of HIT are being used in hospitals, clinics, and physician offices around the world. Some types of HIT are used to dispense medications, including bar-coding at medication dispensing (BarD) and automated dispensing machines (ADM). Others are used for managing patient health data (EHR), ordering tests (computerized physician order entry; CPOE), and assisting with diagnoses ([[clinical decision support system]]; CDSS). Even consumer health IT applications that help patients track their own health statistics can be considered HIT.<ref name="FurukawaHIT">{{cite journal \|url=http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/27/3/865.full \|journal=Health Affairs \|title=Adoption Of Health Information Technology For Medication Safety In U.S. Hospitals, 2006 \|author=Furukawa, Michael F.; Raghu, T. S.; Spaulding, Trent J.; Vinze, Ajay \|volume=27 \|issue=3 \|year=May 2008 \|pages=865–75 \|doi=10.1377/hlthaff.27.3.865 \|accessdate=25 June 2015}}</ref><ref name="AHRQHIT">{{cite web \|url=http://www.ahrq.gov/professionals/prevention-chronic-care/improve/health-it/ \|title=Health Information Technology Integration \|publisher=Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality \|accessdate=25 June 2015}}</ref>		Numerous types of HIT are being used in hospitals, clinics, and physician offices around the world. Some types of HIT are used to dispense medications, including bar-coding at medication dispensing (BarD) and automated dispensing machines (ADM). Others are used for managing patient health data (EHR), ordering tests ([[computerized physician order entry]]; CPOE), and assisting with diagnoses ([[clinical decision support system]]; CDSS). Even consumer health IT applications that help patients track their own health statistics can be considered HIT.<ref name="FurukawaHIT">{{cite journal \|url=http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/27/3/865.full \|journal=Health Affairs \|title=Adoption Of Health Information Technology For Medication Safety In U.S. Hospitals, 2006 \|author=Furukawa, Michael F.; Raghu, T. S.; Spaulding, Trent J.; Vinze, Ajay \|volume=27 \|issue=3 \|year=May 2008 \|pages=865–75 \|doi=10.1377/hlthaff.27.3.865 \|accessdate=25 June 2015}}</ref><ref name="AHRQHIT">{{cite web \|url=http://www.ahrq.gov/professionals/prevention-chronic-care/improve/health-it/ \|title=Health Information Technology Integration \|publisher=Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality \|accessdate=25 June 2015}}</ref>

	===Electronic health record (EHR)===		===Electronic health record (EHR)===

Shawndouglas: /* U.S. implementation of HIT */ Removed stray brace

2015-07-06T14:49:30Z

U.S. implementation of HIT: Removed stray brace

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	Additional momentum towards furthering HIT implementation arrived in 2009 with the Obama Administration's passage of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act and it's included [[Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act]] (HITECH), which provided approximately $19 billion in incentives for the health care system to shift towards using health information technology. Approximately $2 billion was earmarked for programs developed by the National Coordinator and Secretary to help healthcare providers implement HIT and provide technical assistance through various regional centers. The other $17 billion in incentives came from Medicare and Medicaid funding for those who adopt HIT before 2015. A year later Obama's Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) was enacted, among other things linking quality care with payment through mandated quality reporting.<ref name="ACEPHIT" />		Additional momentum towards furthering HIT implementation arrived in 2009 with the Obama Administration's passage of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act and it's included [[Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act]] (HITECH), which provided approximately $19 billion in incentives for the health care system to shift towards using health information technology. Approximately $2 billion was earmarked for programs developed by the National Coordinator and Secretary to help healthcare providers implement HIT and provide technical assistance through various regional centers. The other $17 billion in incentives came from Medicare and Medicaid funding for those who adopt HIT before 2015. A year later Obama's Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) was enacted, among other things linking quality care with payment through mandated quality reporting.<ref name="ACEPHIT" />

	One approach to reducing the costs and promoting wider use is to develop open standards related to HIT. In July 2011, after being frustrated with unnecessarily complex and inflexible standards for information interchange standards related to HIT, the Fast Health Interoperable Resources (FHIR) project was started with the desire "to drive down the costs of exchanging data [and] to set the healthcare information free so that people can solve real world healthcare problems more easily and cheaply."<ref name="MunroFHIR">{{cite web \|url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/danmunro/2014/03/30/setting-healthcare-interop-on-fire/ \|title=Setting Healthcare Interop On Fire \|author=Munro, Dan \|work=Forbes \|publisher=Forbes Media, LLC \|date=30 March 2014 \|accessdate=24 June 2015}}</ref> Supported by [[Health Level Seven]], the FHIR standard gained further support in 2014<ref name="MunroFHIR" />{ and promised to improve on existing standards by making FHIR fast and easy to implement, free to use, and based on modern web standards.<ref name="FHIRAbout">{{cite web \|url=http://www.hl7.org/fhir/DSTU1/summary.html \|title=1.7 Introducing HL7 FHIR \|publisher=Health Level Seven \|date=30 September 2014 \|accessdate=24 June 2015}}</ref>		One approach to reducing the costs and promoting wider use is to develop open standards related to HIT. In July 2011, after being frustrated with unnecessarily complex and inflexible standards for information interchange standards related to HIT, the Fast Health Interoperable Resources (FHIR) project was started with the desire "to drive down the costs of exchanging data [and] to set the healthcare information free so that people can solve real world healthcare problems more easily and cheaply."<ref name="MunroFHIR">{{cite web \|url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/danmunro/2014/03/30/setting-healthcare-interop-on-fire/ \|title=Setting Healthcare Interop On Fire \|author=Munro, Dan \|work=Forbes \|publisher=Forbes Media, LLC \|date=30 March 2014 \|accessdate=24 June 2015}}</ref> Supported by [[Health Level Seven]], the FHIR standard gained further support in 2014<ref name="MunroFHIR" /> and promised to improve on existing standards by making FHIR fast and easy to implement, free to use, and based on modern web standards.<ref name="FHIRAbout">{{cite web \|url=http://www.hl7.org/fhir/DSTU1/summary.html \|title=1.7 Introducing HL7 FHIR \|publisher=Health Level Seven \|date=30 September 2014 \|accessdate=24 June 2015}}</ref>

	==Types of technology==		==Types of technology==

Shawndouglas: Spacing issue

2015-07-06T14:47:36Z

Spacing issue

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	[[File:Cornerstone EPIC Photo (3).jpg\|thumb\|360px\|right\|Health information technology varies in implementation, from the hospital or physician's office to the home or patient bedside area.]]		[[File:Cornerstone EPIC Photo (3).jpg\|thumb\|360px\|right\|Health information technology varies in implementation, from the hospital or physician's office to the home or patient bedside area.]]
	'''Health information technology (HIT)''' is the application of "hardware and software in an effort to manage and manipulate health data and information."<ref name="CiampaHIT">{{cite book \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BdIZSlIXCcQC&printsec=frontcover \|title=Introduction to Healthcare Information Technology \|author=Ciampa, Mark; Revels, Mark \|publisher=Cengage Learning \|year=2013 \|pages=320 \|isbn=9781133787778 \|accessdate=24 June 2015}}</ref> HIT acts as a framework for the comprehensive management of health information originating from consumers, providers, governments, and insurers in order to improve the overall state of health care. Among those improvements, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) of the United States believes HIT can<ref name="CBOHIT08">{{cite web \|url=https://www.cbo.gov/sites/default/files/05-20-healthit.pdf \|format=PDF \|title=Evidence on the Costs and Benefits of Health Information Technology \|author=Hagen, Stuart; Richmond, Peter; Mazade, Leah (ed.) \|publisher=Congressional Budget Office \|pages=37 \|date=20 May 2008 \|accessdate=24 June 2015}}</ref>:		'''Health information technology (HIT)''' is the application of "hardware and software in an effort to manage and manipulate health data and information."<ref name="CiampaHIT">{{cite book \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BdIZSlIXCcQC&printsec=frontcover \|title=Introduction to Healthcare Information Technology \|author=Ciampa, Mark; Revels, Mark \|publisher=Cengage Learning \|year=2013 \|pages=320 \|isbn=9781133787778 \|accessdate=24 June 2015}}</ref> HIT acts as a framework for the comprehensive management of health information originating from consumers, providers, governments, and insurers in order to improve the overall state of health care. Among those improvements, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) of the United States believes HIT can<ref name="CBOHIT08">{{cite web \|url=https://www.cbo.gov/sites/default/files/05-20-healthit.pdf \|format=PDF \|title=Evidence on the Costs and Benefits of Health Information Technology \|author=Hagen, Stuart; Richmond, Peter; Mazade, Leah (ed.) \|publisher=Congressional Budget Office \|pages=37 \|date=20 May 2008 \|accessdate=24 June 2015}}</ref>:

	* reduce or eliminate errors from medical transcription.		* reduce or eliminate errors from medical transcription.

Shawndouglas: /* U.S. implementation of HIT */ Internal link.

2015-06-29T17:08:24Z

U.S. implementation of HIT: Internal link.

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	<blockquote>Estimating the impact of some potential sources of savings, especially those arising from greater exchange of information among providers, insurers, and patients, is especially difficult because health IT networks are in an early stage of development. Furthermore, health care providers and hospitals that were early adopters of health IT may have been motivated by particular characteristics of their organizations or operations that made them more likely than nonadopters to achieve benefits from health IT—in which case the outcomes they have seen might not be generalizable. Evidence of savings in the health care sector as a whole from adopting health IT is also limited.<ref name="CBOHIT08" /></blockquote>		<blockquote>Estimating the impact of some potential sources of savings, especially those arising from greater exchange of information among providers, insurers, and patients, is especially difficult because health IT networks are in an early stage of development. Furthermore, health care providers and hospitals that were early adopters of health IT may have been motivated by particular characteristics of their organizations or operations that made them more likely than nonadopters to achieve benefits from health IT—in which case the outcomes they have seen might not be generalizable. Evidence of savings in the health care sector as a whole from adopting health IT is also limited.<ref name="CBOHIT08" /></blockquote>

	Additional momentum towards furthering HIT implementation arrived in 2009 with the Obama Administration's passage of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act and it's included Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (HITECH), which provided approximately $19 billion in incentives for the health care system to shift towards using health information technology. Approximately $2 billion was earmarked for programs developed by the National Coordinator and Secretary to help healthcare providers implement HIT and provide technical assistance through various regional centers. The other $17 billion in incentives came from Medicare and Medicaid funding for those who adopt HIT before 2015. A year later Obama's Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) was enacted, among other things linking quality care with payment through mandated quality reporting.<ref name="ACEPHIT" />		Additional momentum towards furthering HIT implementation arrived in 2009 with the Obama Administration's passage of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act and it's included [[Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act]] (HITECH), which provided approximately $19 billion in incentives for the health care system to shift towards using health information technology. Approximately $2 billion was earmarked for programs developed by the National Coordinator and Secretary to help healthcare providers implement HIT and provide technical assistance through various regional centers. The other $17 billion in incentives came from Medicare and Medicaid funding for those who adopt HIT before 2015. A year later Obama's Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) was enacted, among other things linking quality care with payment through mandated quality reporting.<ref name="ACEPHIT" />

	One approach to reducing the costs and promoting wider use is to develop open standards related to HIT. In July 2011, after being frustrated with unnecessarily complex and inflexible standards for information interchange standards related to HIT, the Fast Health Interoperable Resources (FHIR) project was started with the desire "to drive down the costs of exchanging data [and] to set the healthcare information free so that people can solve real world healthcare problems more easily and cheaply."<ref name="MunroFHIR">{{cite web \|url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/danmunro/2014/03/30/setting-healthcare-interop-on-fire/ \|title=Setting Healthcare Interop On Fire \|author=Munro, Dan \|work=Forbes \|publisher=Forbes Media, LLC \|date=30 March 2014 \|accessdate=24 June 2015}}</ref> Supported by [[Health Level Seven]], the FHIR standard gained further support in 2014<ref name="MunroFHIR" />{ and promised to improve on existing standards by making FHIR fast and easy to implement, free to use, and based on modern web standards.<ref name="FHIRAbout">{{cite web \|url=http://www.hl7.org/fhir/DSTU1/summary.html \|title=1.7 Introducing HL7 FHIR \|publisher=Health Level Seven \|date=30 September 2014 \|accessdate=24 June 2015}}</ref>		One approach to reducing the costs and promoting wider use is to develop open standards related to HIT. In July 2011, after being frustrated with unnecessarily complex and inflexible standards for information interchange standards related to HIT, the Fast Health Interoperable Resources (FHIR) project was started with the desire "to drive down the costs of exchanging data [and] to set the healthcare information free so that people can solve real world healthcare problems more easily and cheaply."<ref name="MunroFHIR">{{cite web \|url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/danmunro/2014/03/30/setting-healthcare-interop-on-fire/ \|title=Setting Healthcare Interop On Fire \|author=Munro, Dan \|work=Forbes \|publisher=Forbes Media, LLC \|date=30 March 2014 \|accessdate=24 June 2015}}</ref> Supported by [[Health Level Seven]], the FHIR standard gained further support in 2014<ref name="MunroFHIR" />{ and promised to improve on existing standards by making FHIR fast and easy to implement, free to use, and based on modern web standards.<ref name="FHIRAbout">{{cite web \|url=http://www.hl7.org/fhir/DSTU1/summary.html \|title=1.7 Introducing HL7 FHIR \|publisher=Health Level Seven \|date=30 September 2014 \|accessdate=24 June 2015}}</ref>

Shawndouglas: Updated to finish content.

2015-06-29T17:05:29Z

Updated to finish content.

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	~~{{ombox~~		[[File:Cornerstone EPIC Photo (3).jpg\|thumb\|360px\|right\|Health information technology varies in implementation, from the hospital or physician's office to the home or patient bedside area.]]
	\| ~~type = content~~
	\| ~~image =~~
	\| ~~style = width: 960px;~~
	\| ~~text = This article is a work~~ in ~~progress and should not be considered complete until this message box is removed~~.~~<br />~~
	}}
	'''Health information technology (HIT)''' is the application of "hardware and software in an effort to manage and manipulate health data and information."<ref name="CiampaHIT">{{cite book \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BdIZSlIXCcQC&printsec=frontcover \|title=Introduction to Healthcare Information Technology \|author=Ciampa, Mark; Revels, Mark \|publisher=Cengage Learning \|year=2013 \|pages=320 \|isbn=9781133787778 \|accessdate=24 June 2015}}</ref> HIT acts as a framework for the comprehensive management of health information originating from consumers, providers, governments, and insurers in order to improve the overall state of health care. Among those improvements, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) of the United States believes HIT can<ref name="CBOHIT08">{{cite web \|url=https://www.cbo.gov/sites/default/files/05-20-healthit.pdf \|format=PDF \|title=Evidence on the Costs and Benefits of Health Information Technology \|author=Hagen, Stuart; Richmond, Peter; Mazade, Leah (ed.) \|publisher=Congressional Budget Office \|pages=37 \|date=20 May 2008 \|accessdate=24 June 2015}}</ref>:		'''Health information technology (HIT)''' is the application of "hardware and software in an effort to manage and manipulate health data and information."<ref name="CiampaHIT">{{cite book \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BdIZSlIXCcQC&printsec=frontcover \|title=Introduction to Healthcare Information Technology \|author=Ciampa, Mark; Revels, Mark \|publisher=Cengage Learning \|year=2013 \|pages=320 \|isbn=9781133787778 \|accessdate=24 June 2015}}</ref> HIT acts as a framework for the comprehensive management of health information originating from consumers, providers, governments, and insurers in order to improve the overall state of health care. Among those improvements, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) of the United States believes HIT can<ref name="CBOHIT08">{{cite web \|url=https://www.cbo.gov/sites/default/files/05-20-healthit.pdf \|format=PDF \|title=Evidence on the Costs and Benefits of Health Information Technology \|author=Hagen, Stuart; Richmond, Peter; Mazade, Leah (ed.) \|publisher=Congressional Budget Office \|pages=37 \|date=20 May 2008 \|accessdate=24 June 2015}}</ref>:

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	* Irrelevant or frequent warnings can interrupt work flow.		* Irrelevant or frequent warnings can interrupt work flow.

	Healthcare information technology can also result in iatrogenesis if design and engineering are substandard, as illustrated in a 14-part detailed analysis done at the University of Sydney.<ref name="HITRLStudy">{{cite web \|url=http://sydney.edu.au/engineering/it/~hitru/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=91&Itemid=146 \|title=A Study of An Enterprise Health Information System \|author=Patrick, J. \|work=Health Information Technologies Research Laboratory \|publisher=University of Sydney \|pages=190 \|date=04 March 2011 \|accessdate=29 June 2015\|\|</ref>		Healthcare information technology can also result in iatrogenesis if design and engineering are substandard, as illustrated in a 14-part detailed analysis done at the University of Sydney.<ref name="HITRLStudy">{{cite web \|url=http://sydney.edu.au/engineering/it/~hitru/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=91&Itemid=146 \|title=A Study of An Enterprise Health Information System \|author=Patrick, J. \|work=Health Information Technologies Research Laboratory \|publisher=University of Sydney \|pages=190 \|date=04 March 2011 \|accessdate=29 June 2015}}</ref>

	==See also==		==See also==
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	* [[Radiology information system]]		* [[Radiology information system]]
	{{div col end}}		{{div col end}}

			==Notes==

			This article reuses several elements from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_information_technology the Wikipedia article].

	==Further reading==		==Further reading==

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2015-06-29T16:58:25Z

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2015-06-25T22:00:43Z

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2015-06-24T22:36:28Z

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