Health informatics - Revision history

Shawndouglas: Updated URLs for 2022

2022-01-06T21:02:58Z

Updated URLs for 2022

Shawndouglas: Finished minor updates for 2020

2020-03-20T23:23:08Z

Finished minor updates for 2020

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:23, 20 March 2020
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	====China====		====China====

	In Hong Kong a computerized patient record system called the Clinical Management System (CMS) has been developed by the Hospital Authority since 1994. This system has been deployed at all the sites of the Authority (40 hospitals and 120 clinics) and is used by ~~all 30~~,000 ~~clinical~~ staff on a daily basis~~, with a daily transaction of up to 2 millions~~. The comprehensive records of 7 million patients are available online in the Electronic Patient Record (ePR), with data integrated from all sites. Since 2004, radiology image viewing has been added to the ePR, with radiography images from any HA site being available as part of the ePR.		In Hong Kong a computerized patient record system called the Clinical Management System (CMS) has been developed by the Hospital Authority since 1994. This system has been deployed at all the sites of the Authority (more than 40 hospitals and 120 clinics) and is used by some 79,000 staff on a daily basis.<ref name="HKHAIntro">{{cite web \|url=https://www.ha.org.hk/visitor/ha_visitor_index.asp?Content_ID=10008&Lang=ENG&Dimension=100&Parent_ID=10004 \|title=Introduction \|publisher=Hong Kong Hospital Authority \|date=31 March 2019 \|accessdate=20 March 2020}}</ref> The comprehensive records of seven million patients are available online in the Electronic Patient Record (ePR), with data integrated from all sites. Since 2004, radiology image viewing has been added to the ePR, with radiography images from any HA site being available as part of the ePR.

	The Hong Kong Hospital Authority placed particular attention to the governance of clinical systems development, with input from hundreds of clinicians being incorporated through a structured process. The health informatics section of the Hong Kong Hospital Authority has close relationship with the information technology department and clinicians to develop healthcare systems for the organization to support the service to all public hospitals and clinics in the region.<ref name="HKHosp">{{cite web \|url=http://www3.ha.org.hk/hi/Welcome.html \|title=Hong Kong Hospital Authority and Health Informatics Section \|publisher=Hong Kong Hospital Authority \|accessdate=~~01 November 2013~~}}</ref>		The Hong Kong Hospital Authority placed particular attention to the governance of clinical systems development, with input from hundreds of clinicians being incorporated through a structured process. The health informatics section of the Hong Kong Hospital Authority has held a close relationship with the information technology department and clinicians to develop healthcare systems for the organization to support the service to all public hospitals and clinics in the region.<ref name="HKHosp">{{cite web \|url=http://www3.ha.org.hk/hi/Welcome.html \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120829213043/http://www3.ha.org.hk/hi/Welcome.html \|title=Hong Kong Hospital Authority and Health Informatics Section \|publisher=Hong Kong Hospital Authority \|date=November 2007 \|archivedate=29 August 2012 \|accessdate=20 March 2020}}</ref>

	The Hong Kong Society of Medical Informatics (HKSMI) was established in 1987 to promote the use of information technology in healthcare. The eHealth Consortium has been formed to bring together clinicians from both the private and public sectors, medical informatics professionals, and the IT industry to further promote IT in healthcare in Hong Kong.<ref name="IPROA">{{cite web \|url=http://www.iproa.org/index.php/en-GB/other-projects/227-ehealth-consortium.html \|title=eHealth Consortium \|publisher=IPROA \|accessdate=01 November 2013}}</ref>		The Hong Kong Society of Medical Informatics (HKSMI) was established in 1987 to promote the use of information technology in healthcare. The eHealth Consortium has been formed to bring together clinicians from both the private and public sectors, medical informatics professionals, and the IT industry to further promote IT in healthcare in Hong Kong.<ref name="IPROA">{{cite web \|url=http://www.iproa.org/index.php/en-GB/other-projects/227-ehealth-consortium.html \|title=eHealth Consortium \|publisher=IPROA \|accessdate=01 November 2013}}</ref>
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	====New Zealand====		====New Zealand====

	Health Informatics is taught at ~~five~~ New Zealand universities. The most mature and established is the Otago program, which has been offered since the mid-1990s.<ref name="HINZRepo">{{cite web \|url=http://homepages.mcs.vuw.ac.nz/~peterk/healthinformatics/tec-hi-report-06.pdf \|format=PDF \|title=Health Informatics Capability Development In New Zealand - A Report to the Tertiary Education Commission \|author=Karolyn Kerr \|coauthors=Cullen, ~~Rowena~~; Duke, ~~Jan~~; Holt, ~~Alec; Kirk, Ray; Komisarczuk, Peter; Warren, Jim; Wilson, Shona~~ \|publisher=National Steering Committee for Health Informatics Education in New Zealand \|~~year~~=2006 \|accessdate=~~01 November 2013~~}}</ref> Health Informatics New Zealand (HINZ) is the national organization that advocates for health informatics. HINZ organizes a conference every year and also publishes the online journal ''Healthcare Informatics Review Online''.		Health Informatics has been taught at several New Zealand universities since the early 2000s. The most mature and established is the Otago program, which has been offered since the mid-1990s.<ref name="HINZRepo">{{cite web \|url=http://homepages.mcs.vuw.ac.nz/~peterk/healthinformatics/tec-hi-report-06.pdf \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140704133906/http://homepages.mcs.vuw.ac.nz/~peterk/healthinformatics/tec-hi-report-06.pdf \|format=PDF \|title=Health Informatics Capability Development In New Zealand - A Report to the Tertiary Education Commission \|author=Karolyn Kerr \|coauthors=Cullen, R.; Duke, J.; Holt, A. et al. \|publisher=National Steering Committee for Health Informatics Education in New Zealand \|date=November 2006 \|archivedate=04 July 2014 \|accessdate=20 March 2020}}</ref> Also notable is Health Informatics New Zealand (HINZ), the national organization that advocates for health informatics. HINZ organizes a conference every year and also publishes the online journal ''Healthcare Informatics Review Online''.<ref name="HINZAbout">{{cite web \|url=https://www.hinz.org.nz/page/AboutHINZ \|title=About HINZ \|publisher=Health Informatics New Zealand \|accessdate=20 March 2020}}</ref>

	===Health informatics in the Middle East===		===Health informatics in the Middle East===

	====Saudi Arabia====		====Saudi Arabia====

	The Saudi Association for Health Information (SAHI) was established in 2006 to work under direct supervision of King Saud University for Health Sciences to practice public activities, develop theoretical and applicable knowledge, and provide scientific and applicable studies.<ref name="SAHIObj">{{cite web \|url=http://www.sahi.org.sa/~~objectives.php~~ \|title=Saudi Association for Health Informatics ~~(SAHI) \|publisher=SAHI \|date=25 May 2011~~ \|accessdate=~~01 November 2013~~}}</ref>		The Saudi Association for Health Information (SAHI) was established in 2006 to work under direct supervision of King Saud University for Health Sciences to practice public activities, develop theoretical and applicable knowledge, and provide scientific and applicable studies.<ref name="SAHIObj">{{cite web \|url=http://www.sahi.org.sa/?page_id=2296 \|title=Who we are \|publisher=Saudi Association for Health Informatics \|accessdate=20 March 2020}}</ref>

	==Regulation and standards==		==Regulation and standards==

	The international standards on the subject are covered by ICS 35.240.80<ref name="itah">{{cite web \|url=~~http~~://www.iso.org/~~iso~~/~~products/standards/catalogue_ics_browse~~.~~htm?ICS1=35&ICS2=~~240~~&ICS3=~~80& \|title=35.240.80: IT applications in health care technology \|publisher=ISO \|accessdate=~~01 November 2013~~}}</ref> in which ISO 27799:~~2008~~ is one of the core components.<ref name="isosm">{{cite web \|url=~~http~~://sl.~~infoway-inforoute.ca~~/~~downloads~~/~~Ross_Fraser_~~-~~_ISO_27799.pdf \|format=PDF~~ \|title=ISO 27799~~: Security management~~ in health ~~using ISO/IEC 17799~~ \|author=~~Fraser~~, ~~Ross~~ \|publisher=~~Ross Fraser~~ \|date=06 June ~~2006~~ \|accessdate=~~01 November 2013~~}}</ref>		The international standards on the subject are covered by ICS 35.240.80<ref name="itah">{{cite web \|url=https://www.iso.org/ics/35.240.80/x/ \|title=35.240.80: IT applications in health care technology \|publisher=ISO \|accessdate=20 March 2020}}</ref>, in which ISO 27799:2016 is one of the core components.<ref name="isosm">{{cite web \|url=https://advisera.com/27001academy/blog/2016/06/13/how-iso-27001-and-iso-27799-complement-each-other-in-health-organizations/ \|title=How ISO 27001 and ISO 27799 complement each other in health organizations \|author=Segovia, A.J. \|publisher=Advisera Expert Solutions Ltd \|date=13 June 2016 \|accessdate=20 March 2020}}</ref>

	===In the United States===		===In the United States===

	In 2004 the [[United States Department of Health and Human Services\|U.S. Department of Health and Human Services]] (HHS) formed the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONCHIT). The mission of this office is widespread adoption of interoperable electronic health records (EHRs) in the US within 10 years.		In 2004 the [[United States Department of Health and Human Services\|U.S. Department of Health and Human Services]] (HHS) formed the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONCHIT). The mission of this office is widespread adoption of interoperable electronic health records (EHRs) in the U.S. within 10 years.

	The Certification Commission for Healthcare Information Technology (CCHIT), a private nonprofit group, was funded in 2005 by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to develop a set of standards for [[electronic health record]]s (EHR) and supporting networks, and certify vendors who meet them. In July, 2006 CCHIT released its first list of 22 certified ambulatory EHR products, in two different announcements.<ref name="HOISE">{{cite web \|url=http://www.hoise.com/vmw/06/articles/vmw/LV-VM-08-06-22.html \|title=CCHIT Announces First Certified Electronic Health Record Products \|author=Certification Commission for Healthcare Information Technology \|publisher=Virtual Medical Worlds \|date=18 July 2006 \|accessdate=01 November 2013}}</ref>		The Certification Commission for Healthcare Information Technology (CCHIT), a private nonprofit group, was funded in 2005 by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to develop a set of standards for [[electronic health record]]s (EHR) and supporting networks, and certify vendors who meet them. In July, 2006 CCHIT released its first list of 22 certified ambulatory EHR products, in two different announcements.<ref name="HOISE">{{cite web \|url=http://www.hoise.com/vmw/06/articles/vmw/LV-VM-08-06-22.html \|title=CCHIT Announces First Certified Electronic Health Record Products \|author=Certification Commission for Healthcare Information Technology \|publisher=Virtual Medical Worlds \|date=18 July 2006 \|accessdate=01 November 2013}}</ref>
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	==Clinical informatics==		==Clinical informatics==

	While health informatics and clinical informatics are often considered the same, some make a distinction between the two. The American Medical Informatics Association, for example, states clinical informatics is concerned with the use of information in health care by clinicians.<ref name="AMIACore">{{cite journal ~~\|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2649328~~ \|journal=Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association \|title=Core content for the subspecialty of clinical informatics \|author=Gardner, ~~Reed~~ M.; Overhage J. ~~Mark~~; Steen, ~~Elaine~~ B.~~; Holmes, John H.; Munger, Benson S.; Williamson, Jeffrey J.; Detmer, Don E~~. \|volume=16 \|issue=2 \|pages=153–7 \|year=2009 \|pmid=19074296 \|pmc=2649328 \|doi=10.1197/jamia.M3045}}</ref> By extension, clinical informaticians analyze, design, implement, and evaluate information and communication systems that enhance individual and population health outcomes, improve patient care, and strengthen the clinician-patient relationship.		While health informatics and clinical informatics are often considered the same, some make a distinction between the two. The American Medical Informatics Association, for example, states clinical informatics is concerned with the use of information in health care by clinicians.<ref name="AMIACore">{{cite journal \|journal=Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association \|title=Core content for the subspecialty of clinical informatics \|author=Gardner, R.M.; Overhage J.M.; Steen, E.B. et al. \|volume=16 \|issue=2 \|pages=153–7 \|year=2009 \|pmid=19074296 \|pmc=2649328 \|doi=10.1197/jamia.M3045}}</ref> By extension, clinical informaticians analyze, design, implement, and evaluate information and communication systems that enhance individual and population health outcomes, improve patient care, and strengthen the clinician-patient relationship.

	Clinical informaticians use their knowledge of patient care combined with their understanding of informatics concepts, methods, and health informatics tools to:		Clinical informaticians use their knowledge of patient care combined with their understanding of informatics concepts, methods, and health informatics tools to:

	* assess information and knowledge needs of health care professionals and patients.		* assess information and knowledge needs of health care professionals and patients
	* characterize, evaluate, and refine clinical processes.		* characterize, evaluate, and refine clinical processes
	* develop, implement, and refine clinical decision support systems.		* develop, implement, and refine clinical decision support systems
	* lead or participate in the procurement, customization, development, implementation, management, evaluation, and continuous improvement of clinical information systems.		* lead or participate in the procurement, customization, development, implementation, management, evaluation, and continuous improvement of clinical information systems

	Clinicians collaborate with other health care and information technology professionals to develop health informatics tools which promote patient care that is safe, efficient, effective, timely, patient-centered, and equitable.		Clinicians collaborate with other health care and information technology professionals to develop health informatics tools which promote patient care that is safe, efficient, effective, timely, patient-centered, and equitable.

	==Further reading==		==Further reading==
	* {{cite book \|url=~~http~~://books.google.com/books?id=DHzOJaNaOYkC \|title=Progress in Standardization in Health Care Informatics \|editor=De Moor, Georges J. E. ; McDonald, Clement J.; van Goor, J. M. Noothoven \|publisher=IOS Press \|year=1993 \|pages=215 \|isbn=9051991142}}		* {{cite book \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DHzOJaNaOYkC \|title=Progress in Standardization in Health Care Informatics \|editor=De Moor, Georges J. E. ; McDonald, Clement J.; van Goor, J. M. Noothoven \|publisher=IOS Press \|year=1993 \|pages=215 \|isbn=9051991142}}

	* {{cite book \|url=~~http~~://books.google.com/books?id=eckD3fSrPagC \|title=Health Informatics: An Overview \|editor=Hovenga, Evelyn J. S. \|publisher=IOS Press \|year=2010 \|pagea=507 \|isbn=1607500922}}		* {{cite book \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eckD3fSrPagC \|title=Health Informatics: An Overview \|editor=Hovenga, Evelyn J. S. \|publisher=IOS Press \|year=2010 \|pagea=507 \|isbn=1607500922}}

	* {{cite book \|url=~~http~~://books.google.com/books?id=6bqruAAACAAJ \|title=Health Informatics: Practical Guide For Healthcare And Information Technology Professionals \|editor=Hoyt, Robert E.; Bailey, Nora; Yoshihashi, Ann \|publisher=Lulu Enterprises Incorporated \|year=2012 \|pages=492 \|isbn=1105437558}}		* {{cite book \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6bqruAAACAAJ \|title=Health Informatics: Practical Guide For Healthcare And Information Technology Professionals \|editor=Hoyt, Robert E.; Bailey, Nora; Yoshihashi, Ann \|publisher=Lulu Enterprises Incorporated \|year=2012 \|pages=492 \|isbn=1105437558}}

	* {{cite book \|url=~~http~~://books.google.com/books?id=~~8YjlAAAAQBAJ~~ \|title=Health ~~Management Information Systems~~: ~~A Handbook for Decision Makers~~ \|edition=~~2nd~~ \|author=~~Smith~~, ~~Jack~~ \|publisher=~~McGraw-Hill International~~ \|year=~~1999~~ \|pages=~~348~~ \|isbn=~~0335205658~~}}		* {{cite book \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UnxeDwAAQBAJ \|title=Health Informatics: Practical Guide \|edition=7th \|author=Hoyt, R.E.; Hersh, W.R. \|publisher=Informatics Education \|year=2018 \|pages=488 \|isbn=9781387827503}}

	==See also==		==See also==

Shawndouglas: Updated through Australia

2020-03-20T22:53:21Z

Updated through Australia

Show changes

Shawndouglas: /* Clinical Informatics */ Title fix

2018-12-03T22:34:16Z

Clinical Informatics: Title fix

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:34, 3 December 2018
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	The Certification Commission for Healthcare Information Technology (CCHIT), a private nonprofit group, was funded in 2005 by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to develop a set of standards for [[electronic health record]]s (EHR) and supporting networks, and certify vendors who meet them. In July, 2006 CCHIT released its first list of 22 certified ambulatory EHR products, in two different announcements.<ref name="HOISE">{{cite web \|url=http://www.hoise.com/vmw/06/articles/vmw/LV-VM-08-06-22.html \|title=CCHIT Announces First Certified Electronic Health Record Products \|author=Certification Commission for Healthcare Information Technology \|publisher=Virtual Medical Worlds \|date=18 July 2006 \|accessdate=01 November 2013}}</ref>		The Certification Commission for Healthcare Information Technology (CCHIT), a private nonprofit group, was funded in 2005 by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to develop a set of standards for [[electronic health record]]s (EHR) and supporting networks, and certify vendors who meet them. In July, 2006 CCHIT released its first list of 22 certified ambulatory EHR products, in two different announcements.<ref name="HOISE">{{cite web \|url=http://www.hoise.com/vmw/06/articles/vmw/LV-VM-08-06-22.html \|title=CCHIT Announces First Certified Electronic Health Record Products \|author=Certification Commission for Healthcare Information Technology \|publisher=Virtual Medical Worlds \|date=18 July 2006 \|accessdate=01 November 2013}}</ref>

	==Clinical ~~Informatics~~==		==Clinical informatics==

	While health informatics and clinical informatics are often considered the same, some make a distinction between the two. The American Medical Informatics Association, for example, states clinical informatics is concerned with the use of information in health care by clinicians.<ref name="AMIACore">{{cite journal \|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2649328 \|journal=Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association \|title=Core content for the subspecialty of clinical informatics \|author=Gardner, Reed M.; Overhage J. Mark; Steen, Elaine B.; Holmes, John H.; Munger, Benson S.; Williamson, Jeffrey J.; Detmer, Don E. \|volume=16 \|issue=2 \|pages=153–7 \|year=2009 \|pmid=19074296 \|pmc=2649328 \|doi=10.1197/jamia.M3045}}</ref> By extension, clinical informaticians analyze, design, implement, and evaluate information and communication systems that enhance individual and population health outcomes, improve patient care, and strengthen the clinician-patient relationship.		While health informatics and clinical informatics are often considered the same, some make a distinction between the two. The American Medical Informatics Association, for example, states clinical informatics is concerned with the use of information in health care by clinicians.<ref name="AMIACore">{{cite journal \|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2649328 \|journal=Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association \|title=Core content for the subspecialty of clinical informatics \|author=Gardner, Reed M.; Overhage J. Mark; Steen, Elaine B.; Holmes, John H.; Munger, Benson S.; Williamson, Jeffrey J.; Detmer, Don E. \|volume=16 \|issue=2 \|pages=153–7 \|year=2009 \|pmid=19074296 \|pmc=2649328 \|doi=10.1197/jamia.M3045}}</ref> By extension, clinical informaticians analyze, design, implement, and evaluate information and communication systems that enhance individual and population health outcomes, improve patient care, and strengthen the clinician-patient relationship.

Admin: /* United States */ Internal links

2016-02-24T19:57:35Z

United States: Internal links

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:57, 24 February 2016
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	Even though the idea of using computers in medicine sprouted as technology advanced in the early twentieth century, it was not until the 1950s that informatics made a realistic impact in the United States.<ref name="univ" /> Robert Ledley led the charge in the 1950s with his early use of medical computation in his dental projects at the United States National Bureau of Standards.<ref name="Ledley">{{cite journal \|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1561796/ \|title=The Story Behind the Development of the First Whole-body Computerized Tomography Scanner as Told by Robert S. Ledley \|author=Sittig, Dean F.; Ash, Joan S.; Ledley, Robert S. \|journal=Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association \|volume=13 \|issue=5 \|pages=465–9 \|year=2006 \|pmid=16799115 \|pmc=1561796 \|doi=10.1197/jamia.M2127}}</ref>		Even though the idea of using computers in medicine sprouted as technology advanced in the early twentieth century, it was not until the 1950s that informatics made a realistic impact in the United States.<ref name="univ" /> Robert Ledley led the charge in the 1950s with his early use of medical computation in his dental projects at the United States National Bureau of Standards.<ref name="Ledley">{{cite journal \|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1561796/ \|title=The Story Behind the Development of the First Whole-body Computerized Tomography Scanner as Told by Robert S. Ledley \|author=Sittig, Dean F.; Ash, Joan S.; Ledley, Robert S. \|journal=Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association \|volume=13 \|issue=5 \|pages=465–9 \|year=2006 \|pmid=16799115 \|pmc=1561796 \|doi=10.1197/jamia.M2127}}</ref>

	By the mid-1950s expert systems such as MYCIN and ~~Internist~~-I were developed, and the National Library of Medicine started using even the even more advanced MEDLINE and MEDLARS systems by 1965. Around this same time a flurry of activity occurred. At the University of Utah, Dr. Homer R. Warner, one of the fathers of medical informatics<ref name="MedInfoEd">{{cite journal \|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC61389/ \|title=Medical Informatics Education: The University of Utah Experience \|journal=Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association \|author=Patton, Gregory A., Gardner, Reed M. \|volume=6 \|issue=6 \|pages=457–65 \|year=1999 \|pmid=10579604 \|pmc=61389}}</ref>, was already offering graduate-level classes in medical computer applications. Meanwhile Neil Pappalardo, Curtis Marble, and Robert Greenes were developing the Massachusetts General Hospital Utility Multi-Programming System (MUMPS) in Octo Barnett's Laboratory of Computer Science at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston.<ref name="APLISReview">{{cite journal \|url=http://ebookbrowse.com/anatomic-pathology-laboratory-information-systems-a-review-slpark-et-all-adv-anat-pathol-2012-pdf-d344405134 \|journal=Advances in Anatomic Pathology \|year=March 2012 \|volume=19 \|issue=2 \|page=81–96 \|title=Anatomic Pathology Laboratory Information Systems: A Review \|author=Park, Seung Lyung; Pantanowitz, Liron; Sharma, Guarav; Parwani, Anil Vasdev \|doi=10.1097/PAP.0b013e318248b787 \|accessdate=03 June 2013}}</ref><ref name="MileCompSci">{{cite book \|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=JTYPKxug49IC \|title=Milestones in Computer Science and Information Technology \|author=Reilly, Edwin D. \|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group \|year=2003 \|pages=161 \|isbn=9781573565219}}</ref> Yet due to its advanced nature, fragmented use across multiple entities, and inherent difficulty in extracting and analyzing data from the database, development of healthcare and laboratory systems on MUMPS was sporadic at best.<ref name="HistMedInfo">{{cite book \|url=http://books.google.com/books/about/A_History_of_medical_informatics.html?id=AR5rAAAAMAAJ \|title=A History of Medical Informatics \|author=Blum, Bruce I.; Duncan, Karen A. \|publisher=ACM Press \|year=1990 \|pages=141–53 \|isbn=0201501287}}</ref>		By the mid-1950s expert systems such as [[MYCIN]] and [[INTERNIST-I]] were developed, and the National Library of Medicine started using even the even more advanced MEDLINE and MEDLARS systems by 1965. Around this same time a flurry of activity occurred. At the University of Utah, Dr. Homer R. Warner, one of the fathers of medical informatics<ref name="MedInfoEd">{{cite journal \|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC61389/ \|title=Medical Informatics Education: The University of Utah Experience \|journal=Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association \|author=Patton, Gregory A., Gardner, Reed M. \|volume=6 \|issue=6 \|pages=457–65 \|year=1999 \|pmid=10579604 \|pmc=61389}}</ref>, was already offering graduate-level classes in medical computer applications. Meanwhile Neil Pappalardo, Curtis Marble, and Robert Greenes were developing the Massachusetts General Hospital Utility Multi-Programming System (MUMPS) in Octo Barnett's Laboratory of Computer Science at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston.<ref name="APLISReview">{{cite journal \|url=http://ebookbrowse.com/anatomic-pathology-laboratory-information-systems-a-review-slpark-et-all-adv-anat-pathol-2012-pdf-d344405134 \|journal=Advances in Anatomic Pathology \|year=March 2012 \|volume=19 \|issue=2 \|page=81–96 \|title=Anatomic Pathology Laboratory Information Systems: A Review \|author=Park, Seung Lyung; Pantanowitz, Liron; Sharma, Guarav; Parwani, Anil Vasdev \|doi=10.1097/PAP.0b013e318248b787 \|accessdate=03 June 2013}}</ref><ref name="MileCompSci">{{cite book \|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=JTYPKxug49IC \|title=Milestones in Computer Science and Information Technology \|author=Reilly, Edwin D. \|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group \|year=2003 \|pages=161 \|isbn=9781573565219}}</ref> Yet due to its advanced nature, fragmented use across multiple entities, and inherent difficulty in extracting and analyzing data from the database, development of healthcare and laboratory systems on MUMPS was sporadic at best.<ref name="HistMedInfo">{{cite book \|url=http://books.google.com/books/about/A_History_of_medical_informatics.html?id=AR5rAAAAMAAJ \|title=A History of Medical Informatics \|author=Blum, Bruce I.; Duncan, Karen A. \|publisher=ACM Press \|year=1990 \|pages=141–53 \|isbn=0201501287}}</ref>

	By the 1980s, however, the advent of Structured Query Language (SQL), relational database management systems (RDBMS), and [[Health Level 7]] (HL7) allowed software developers to expand the functionality and interoperability of health informatics systems, including the application of business analytics and business intelligence techniques to clinical data.<ref name="PractPathInfo">{{cite book \|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=WerUyK618fcC \|title=Practical Pathology Informatics: Demstifying Informatics for the Practicing Anatomic Pathologist \|author=Sinard, John H. \|publisher=Springer \|year=2006 \|pages=393 \|isbn=0387280588}}</ref> {{As of\|2013}} web-based and database-centric Internet applications of [[laboratory informatics]] software have further changed the way researchers and technicians interact with data, with web-driven data formatting technologies like [[Extensible Markup Language]] (XML) making interoperability of health and laboratory informatics software a much-needed reality.<ref name="OverBarEMR">{{cite journal \|url=http://jhi.sagepub.com/content/16/4/306.abstract \|journal=Health Informatics Journal \|year=December 2010 \|volume=16 \|issue=4 \|title=Overcoming barriers to electronic medical record (EMR) implementation in the US healthcare system: A comparative study \|author=Kumar, Sameer; Aldrich, Krista \|doi=10.1177/1460458210380523 \|accessdate=03 June 2013}}</ref> [[Software as a service\|SaaS]] and cloud computing technologies have further changed how informatics systems are implemented in the U.S and worldwide, while at the same time raising new questions about security and stability.<ref name="APLISReview" />		By the 1980s, however, the advent of Structured Query Language (SQL), relational database management systems (RDBMS), and [[Health Level 7]] (HL7) allowed software developers to expand the functionality and interoperability of health informatics systems, including the application of business analytics and business intelligence techniques to clinical data.<ref name="PractPathInfo">{{cite book \|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=WerUyK618fcC \|title=Practical Pathology Informatics: Demstifying Informatics for the Practicing Anatomic Pathologist \|author=Sinard, John H. \|publisher=Springer \|year=2006 \|pages=393 \|isbn=0387280588}}</ref> {{As of\|2013}} web-based and database-centric Internet applications of [[laboratory informatics]] software have further changed the way researchers and technicians interact with data, with web-driven data formatting technologies like [[Extensible Markup Language]] (XML) making interoperability of health and laboratory informatics software a much-needed reality.<ref name="OverBarEMR">{{cite journal \|url=http://jhi.sagepub.com/content/16/4/306.abstract \|journal=Health Informatics Journal \|year=December 2010 \|volume=16 \|issue=4 \|title=Overcoming barriers to electronic medical record (EMR) implementation in the US healthcare system: A comparative study \|author=Kumar, Sameer; Aldrich, Krista \|doi=10.1177/1460458210380523 \|accessdate=03 June 2013}}</ref> [[Software as a service\|SaaS]] and cloud computing technologies have further changed how informatics systems are implemented in the U.S and worldwide, while at the same time raising new questions about security and stability.<ref name="APLISReview" />

Shawndouglas: Internal link.

2015-06-29T17:11:36Z

Internal link.

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:11, 29 June 2015
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	==History==		==History==

	Worldwide use of technology in medicine began in the early 1950s with the rise of computers.<ref name="univ">{{cite web \|url=http://healthinformatics.uic.edu/history-of-health-informatics \|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20121126102550/http://healthinformatics.uic.edu/history-of-health-informatics/ \|title=The History of Health Informatics \|work=Health Informatics Guide - The History of Health Informatics \|publisher=University of Illinois at Chicago \|archivedate=26 November 2012 \|accessdate=05 January 2015}}</ref> In 1949, Gustav Wager established the first professional organization for informatics in Germany.<ref name="nyu">{{Cite web \|url=http://www.nyuinformatics.org/education/degree-programs \|title=NYU Graduate Training Program in Biomedical Informatics (BMI): A Brief History of Biomedical Informatics as a Discipline \|work=www.nyuinformatics.org \|publisher=NYU Langone Medical Center \|accessdate=11 November 2010}}</ref> The prehistory, history, and future of medical information and health information technology are discussed in reference.<ref name="Robson_first">{{cite book \|last=Robson \|first=B. \|last2=Baek \|first2=O. K. \|year=2009 \|title=The engines of Hippocrates: From the Dawn of Medicine to Medical and Pharmaceutical Informatics \|location=Hoboken, NJ \|publisher=John Wiley & Sons \|isbn=9780470289532 }}</ref> Specialized university departments and Informatics training programs began during the 1960s in France, Germany, Belgium and The Netherlands. Medical informatics research units began to appear during the 1970s in Poland and in the U.S.<ref name="nyu" />, with medical informatics conferences springing up as early as 1974.<ref name="Hovenga1" /> Since then the development of high-quality health informatics research, education, and infrastructure has been the goal of the U.S. and the European Union.<ref name="nyu" /><ref name="Hovenga1" />		Worldwide use of technology in medicine began in the early 1950s with the rise of computers.<ref name="univ">{{cite web \|url=http://healthinformatics.uic.edu/history-of-health-informatics \|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20121126102550/http://healthinformatics.uic.edu/history-of-health-informatics/ \|title=The History of Health Informatics \|work=Health Informatics Guide - The History of Health Informatics \|publisher=University of Illinois at Chicago \|archivedate=26 November 2012 \|accessdate=05 January 2015}}</ref> In 1949, Gustav Wager established the first professional organization for informatics in Germany.<ref name="nyu">{{Cite web \|url=http://www.nyuinformatics.org/education/degree-programs \|title=NYU Graduate Training Program in Biomedical Informatics (BMI): A Brief History of Biomedical Informatics as a Discipline \|work=www.nyuinformatics.org \|publisher=NYU Langone Medical Center \|accessdate=11 November 2010}}</ref> The prehistory, history, and future of medical information and [[health information technology]] are discussed in reference.<ref name="Robson_first">{{cite book \|last=Robson \|first=B. \|last2=Baek \|first2=O. K. \|year=2009 \|title=The engines of Hippocrates: From the Dawn of Medicine to Medical and Pharmaceutical Informatics \|location=Hoboken, NJ \|publisher=John Wiley & Sons \|isbn=9780470289532 }}</ref> Specialized university departments and Informatics training programs began during the 1960s in France, Germany, Belgium and The Netherlands. Medical informatics research units began to appear during the 1970s in Poland and in the U.S.<ref name="nyu" />, with medical informatics conferences springing up as early as 1974.<ref name="Hovenga1" /> Since then the development of high-quality health informatics research, education, and infrastructure has been the goal of the U.S. and the European Union.<ref name="nyu" /><ref name="Hovenga1" />

	By the mid-2000s, work in the U.K. by the voluntary registration body the UK Council of Health Informatics Professions led to the creation of eight key constituencies within the domain of health informatics: information and communication technologies; health records; information management; knowledge management; health informatics service and project management; clinical informatics; education, training, and development; and research.<ref name="8HIConst">{{cite web \|url=http://www.bcs.org/upload/pdf/mappingupdate.pdf‎ \|format=PDF \|title=UK Council for Health Informatics Professions (UKCHIP): Registration Standards Mapping Update \|publisher=UKCHIP \|date=12 June 2006 \|accessdate=30 October 2013}}</ref> Those constituencies — already based on U.K. National Health Service standards (NHS) — later found their way into the NHS' Health Informatics Career Framework in a slightly modified format.<ref name="HICF">{{cite web \|url=https://www.hicf.org.uk/AboutHICF.aspx \|title=About the Health Informatics Career Framework (HICF) \|publisher=National Health Service \|accessdate=30 October 2013}}</ref> {{As of\|2013}} tens of datasets, publications, guidelines, specifications, meetings, conferences, and organizations around the world continue to shape what health informatics is today.<ref name="HSRIC">{{cite web \|url=http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hsrinfo/informatics.html \|title=HSRIC: Health Informatics \|publisher=U.S. National Library of Medicine \|accessdate=30 October 2013}}</ref>		By the mid-2000s, work in the U.K. by the voluntary registration body the UK Council of Health Informatics Professions led to the creation of eight key constituencies within the domain of health informatics: information and communication technologies; health records; information management; knowledge management; health informatics service and project management; clinical informatics; education, training, and development; and research.<ref name="8HIConst">{{cite web \|url=http://www.bcs.org/upload/pdf/mappingupdate.pdf‎ \|format=PDF \|title=UK Council for Health Informatics Professions (UKCHIP): Registration Standards Mapping Update \|publisher=UKCHIP \|date=12 June 2006 \|accessdate=30 October 2013}}</ref> Those constituencies — already based on U.K. National Health Service standards (NHS) — later found their way into the NHS' Health Informatics Career Framework in a slightly modified format.<ref name="HICF">{{cite web \|url=https://www.hicf.org.uk/AboutHICF.aspx \|title=About the Health Informatics Career Framework (HICF) \|publisher=National Health Service \|accessdate=30 October 2013}}</ref> {{As of\|2013}} tens of datasets, publications, guidelines, specifications, meetings, conferences, and organizations around the world continue to shape what health informatics is today.<ref name="HSRIC">{{cite web \|url=http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hsrinfo/informatics.html \|title=HSRIC: Health Informatics \|publisher=U.S. National Library of Medicine \|accessdate=30 October 2013}}</ref>

Shawndouglas: /* See also */

2015-04-06T19:54:34Z

Shawndouglas: /* See also */

2015-04-06T19:54:18Z

Admin: Updated UofI URL to archived version as new version is at different URL and content is now different.

2015-01-05T18:40:57Z

Updated UofI URL to archived version as new version is at different URL and content is now different.

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:40, 5 January 2015
Line 6:		Line 6:
	==History==		==History==

	Worldwide use of technology in medicine began in the early 1950s with the rise of computers.<ref name="univ">{{~~Cite~~ web \|url=http://healthinformatics.uic.edu/history-of-health-informatics \|title=The History of Health Informatics \|work=Health Informatics Guide - The History of Health Informatics \|publisher=University of Illinois at Chicago \|accessdate=~~18 September 2013~~}}</ref> In 1949, Gustav Wager established the first professional organization for informatics in Germany.<ref name="nyu">{{Cite web \|url=http://www.nyuinformatics.org/education/degree-programs \|title=NYU Graduate Training Program in Biomedical Informatics (BMI): A Brief History of Biomedical Informatics as a Discipline \|work=www.nyuinformatics.org \|publisher=NYU Langone Medical Center \|accessdate=11 November 2010}}</ref> The prehistory, history, and future of medical information and health information technology are discussed in reference.<ref name="Robson_first">{{cite book \|last=Robson \|first=B. \|last2=Baek \|first2=O. K. \|year=2009 \|title=The engines of Hippocrates: From the Dawn of Medicine to Medical and Pharmaceutical Informatics \|location=Hoboken, NJ \|publisher=John Wiley & Sons \|isbn=9780470289532 }}</ref> Specialized university departments and Informatics training programs began during the 1960s in France, Germany, Belgium and The Netherlands. Medical informatics research units began to appear during the 1970s in Poland and in the U.S.<ref name="nyu" />, with medical informatics conferences springing up as early as 1974.<ref name="Hovenga1" /> Since then the development of high-quality health informatics research, education, and infrastructure has been the goal of the U.S. and the European Union.<ref name="nyu" /><ref name="Hovenga1" />		Worldwide use of technology in medicine began in the early 1950s with the rise of computers.<ref name="univ">{{cite web \|url=http://healthinformatics.uic.edu/history-of-health-informatics \|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20121126102550/http://healthinformatics.uic.edu/history-of-health-informatics/ \|title=The History of Health Informatics \|work=Health Informatics Guide - The History of Health Informatics \|publisher=University of Illinois at Chicago \|archivedate=26 November 2012 \|accessdate=05 January 2015}}</ref> In 1949, Gustav Wager established the first professional organization for informatics in Germany.<ref name="nyu">{{Cite web \|url=http://www.nyuinformatics.org/education/degree-programs \|title=NYU Graduate Training Program in Biomedical Informatics (BMI): A Brief History of Biomedical Informatics as a Discipline \|work=www.nyuinformatics.org \|publisher=NYU Langone Medical Center \|accessdate=11 November 2010}}</ref> The prehistory, history, and future of medical information and health information technology are discussed in reference.<ref name="Robson_first">{{cite book \|last=Robson \|first=B. \|last2=Baek \|first2=O. K. \|year=2009 \|title=The engines of Hippocrates: From the Dawn of Medicine to Medical and Pharmaceutical Informatics \|location=Hoboken, NJ \|publisher=John Wiley & Sons \|isbn=9780470289532 }}</ref> Specialized university departments and Informatics training programs began during the 1960s in France, Germany, Belgium and The Netherlands. Medical informatics research units began to appear during the 1970s in Poland and in the U.S.<ref name="nyu" />, with medical informatics conferences springing up as early as 1974.<ref name="Hovenga1" /> Since then the development of high-quality health informatics research, education, and infrastructure has been the goal of the U.S. and the European Union.<ref name="nyu" /><ref name="Hovenga1" />

	By the mid-2000s, work in the U.K. by the voluntary registration body the UK Council of Health Informatics Professions led to the creation of eight key constituencies within the domain of health informatics: information and communication technologies; health records; information management; knowledge management; health informatics service and project management; clinical informatics; education, training, and development; and research.<ref name="8HIConst">{{cite web \|url=http://www.bcs.org/upload/pdf/mappingupdate.pdf‎ \|format=PDF \|title=UK Council for Health Informatics Professions (UKCHIP): Registration Standards Mapping Update \|publisher=UKCHIP \|date=12 June 2006 \|accessdate=30 October 2013}}</ref> Those constituencies — already based on U.K. National Health Service standards (NHS) — later found their way into the NHS' Health Informatics Career Framework in a slightly modified format.<ref name="HICF">{{cite web \|url=https://www.hicf.org.uk/AboutHICF.aspx \|title=About the Health Informatics Career Framework (HICF) \|publisher=National Health Service \|accessdate=30 October 2013}}</ref> {{As of\|2013}} tens of datasets, publications, guidelines, specifications, meetings, conferences, and organizations around the world continue to shape what health informatics is today.<ref name="HSRIC">{{cite web \|url=http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hsrinfo/informatics.html \|title=HSRIC: Health Informatics \|publisher=U.S. National Library of Medicine \|accessdate=30 October 2013}}</ref>		By the mid-2000s, work in the U.K. by the voluntary registration body the UK Council of Health Informatics Professions led to the creation of eight key constituencies within the domain of health informatics: information and communication technologies; health records; information management; knowledge management; health informatics service and project management; clinical informatics; education, training, and development; and research.<ref name="8HIConst">{{cite web \|url=http://www.bcs.org/upload/pdf/mappingupdate.pdf‎ \|format=PDF \|title=UK Council for Health Informatics Professions (UKCHIP): Registration Standards Mapping Update \|publisher=UKCHIP \|date=12 June 2006 \|accessdate=30 October 2013}}</ref> Those constituencies — already based on U.K. National Health Service standards (NHS) — later found their way into the NHS' Health Informatics Career Framework in a slightly modified format.<ref name="HICF">{{cite web \|url=https://www.hicf.org.uk/AboutHICF.aspx \|title=About the Health Informatics Career Framework (HICF) \|publisher=National Health Service \|accessdate=30 October 2013}}</ref> {{As of\|2013}} tens of datasets, publications, guidelines, specifications, meetings, conferences, and organizations around the world continue to shape what health informatics is today.<ref name="HSRIC">{{cite web \|url=http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hsrinfo/informatics.html \|title=HSRIC: Health Informatics \|publisher=U.S. National Library of Medicine \|accessdate=30 October 2013}}</ref>

Shawndouglas: /* United States */ Internal link

2014-08-22T16:41:23Z

United States: Internal link

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:41, 22 August 2014
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	By the mid-1950s expert systems such as MYCIN and Internist-I were developed, and the National Library of Medicine started using even the even more advanced MEDLINE and MEDLARS systems by 1965. Around this same time a flurry of activity occurred. At the University of Utah, Dr. Homer R. Warner, one of the fathers of medical informatics<ref name="MedInfoEd">{{cite journal \|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC61389/ \|title=Medical Informatics Education: The University of Utah Experience \|journal=Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association \|author=Patton, Gregory A., Gardner, Reed M. \|volume=6 \|issue=6 \|pages=457–65 \|year=1999 \|pmid=10579604 \|pmc=61389}}</ref>, was already offering graduate-level classes in medical computer applications. Meanwhile Neil Pappalardo, Curtis Marble, and Robert Greenes were developing the Massachusetts General Hospital Utility Multi-Programming System (MUMPS) in Octo Barnett's Laboratory of Computer Science at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston.<ref name="APLISReview">{{cite journal \|url=http://ebookbrowse.com/anatomic-pathology-laboratory-information-systems-a-review-slpark-et-all-adv-anat-pathol-2012-pdf-d344405134 \|journal=Advances in Anatomic Pathology \|year=March 2012 \|volume=19 \|issue=2 \|page=81–96 \|title=Anatomic Pathology Laboratory Information Systems: A Review \|author=Park, Seung Lyung; Pantanowitz, Liron; Sharma, Guarav; Parwani, Anil Vasdev \|doi=10.1097/PAP.0b013e318248b787 \|accessdate=03 June 2013}}</ref><ref name="MileCompSci">{{cite book \|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=JTYPKxug49IC \|title=Milestones in Computer Science and Information Technology \|author=Reilly, Edwin D. \|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group \|year=2003 \|pages=161 \|isbn=9781573565219}}</ref> Yet due to its advanced nature, fragmented use across multiple entities, and inherent difficulty in extracting and analyzing data from the database, development of healthcare and laboratory systems on MUMPS was sporadic at best.<ref name="HistMedInfo">{{cite book \|url=http://books.google.com/books/about/A_History_of_medical_informatics.html?id=AR5rAAAAMAAJ \|title=A History of Medical Informatics \|author=Blum, Bruce I.; Duncan, Karen A. \|publisher=ACM Press \|year=1990 \|pages=141–53 \|isbn=0201501287}}</ref>		By the mid-1950s expert systems such as MYCIN and Internist-I were developed, and the National Library of Medicine started using even the even more advanced MEDLINE and MEDLARS systems by 1965. Around this same time a flurry of activity occurred. At the University of Utah, Dr. Homer R. Warner, one of the fathers of medical informatics<ref name="MedInfoEd">{{cite journal \|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC61389/ \|title=Medical Informatics Education: The University of Utah Experience \|journal=Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association \|author=Patton, Gregory A., Gardner, Reed M. \|volume=6 \|issue=6 \|pages=457–65 \|year=1999 \|pmid=10579604 \|pmc=61389}}</ref>, was already offering graduate-level classes in medical computer applications. Meanwhile Neil Pappalardo, Curtis Marble, and Robert Greenes were developing the Massachusetts General Hospital Utility Multi-Programming System (MUMPS) in Octo Barnett's Laboratory of Computer Science at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston.<ref name="APLISReview">{{cite journal \|url=http://ebookbrowse.com/anatomic-pathology-laboratory-information-systems-a-review-slpark-et-all-adv-anat-pathol-2012-pdf-d344405134 \|journal=Advances in Anatomic Pathology \|year=March 2012 \|volume=19 \|issue=2 \|page=81–96 \|title=Anatomic Pathology Laboratory Information Systems: A Review \|author=Park, Seung Lyung; Pantanowitz, Liron; Sharma, Guarav; Parwani, Anil Vasdev \|doi=10.1097/PAP.0b013e318248b787 \|accessdate=03 June 2013}}</ref><ref name="MileCompSci">{{cite book \|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=JTYPKxug49IC \|title=Milestones in Computer Science and Information Technology \|author=Reilly, Edwin D. \|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group \|year=2003 \|pages=161 \|isbn=9781573565219}}</ref> Yet due to its advanced nature, fragmented use across multiple entities, and inherent difficulty in extracting and analyzing data from the database, development of healthcare and laboratory systems on MUMPS was sporadic at best.<ref name="HistMedInfo">{{cite book \|url=http://books.google.com/books/about/A_History_of_medical_informatics.html?id=AR5rAAAAMAAJ \|title=A History of Medical Informatics \|author=Blum, Bruce I.; Duncan, Karen A. \|publisher=ACM Press \|year=1990 \|pages=141–53 \|isbn=0201501287}}</ref>

	By the 1980s, however, the advent of Structured Query Language (SQL), relational database management systems (RDBMS), and [[Health Level 7]] (HL7) allowed software developers to expand the functionality and interoperability of health informatics systems, including the application of business analytics and business intelligence techniques to clinical data.<ref name="PractPathInfo">{{cite book \|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=WerUyK618fcC \|title=Practical Pathology Informatics: Demstifying Informatics for the Practicing Anatomic Pathologist \|author=Sinard, John H. \|publisher=Springer \|year=2006 \|pages=393 \|isbn=0387280588}}</ref> {{As of\|2013}} web-based and database-centric Internet applications of [[laboratory informatics]] software have further changed the way researchers and technicians interact with data, with web-driven data formatting technologies like ~~eXtensible~~ Markup Language (XML) making interoperability of health and laboratory informatics software a much-needed reality.<ref name="OverBarEMR">{{cite journal \|url=http://jhi.sagepub.com/content/16/4/306.abstract \|journal=Health Informatics Journal \|year=December 2010 \|volume=16 \|issue=4 \|title=Overcoming barriers to electronic medical record (EMR) implementation in the US healthcare system: A comparative study \|author=Kumar, Sameer; Aldrich, Krista \|doi=10.1177/1460458210380523 \|accessdate=03 June 2013}}</ref> [[Software as a service\|SaaS]] and cloud computing technologies have further changed how informatics systems are implemented in the U.S and worldwide, while at the same time raising new questions about security and stability.<ref name="APLISReview" />		By the 1980s, however, the advent of Structured Query Language (SQL), relational database management systems (RDBMS), and [[Health Level 7]] (HL7) allowed software developers to expand the functionality and interoperability of health informatics systems, including the application of business analytics and business intelligence techniques to clinical data.<ref name="PractPathInfo">{{cite book \|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=WerUyK618fcC \|title=Practical Pathology Informatics: Demstifying Informatics for the Practicing Anatomic Pathologist \|author=Sinard, John H. \|publisher=Springer \|year=2006 \|pages=393 \|isbn=0387280588}}</ref> {{As of\|2013}} web-based and database-centric Internet applications of [[laboratory informatics]] software have further changed the way researchers and technicians interact with data, with web-driven data formatting technologies like [[Extensible Markup Language]] (XML) making interoperability of health and laboratory informatics software a much-needed reality.<ref name="OverBarEMR">{{cite journal \|url=http://jhi.sagepub.com/content/16/4/306.abstract \|journal=Health Informatics Journal \|year=December 2010 \|volume=16 \|issue=4 \|title=Overcoming barriers to electronic medical record (EMR) implementation in the US healthcare system: A comparative study \|author=Kumar, Sameer; Aldrich, Krista \|doi=10.1177/1460458210380523 \|accessdate=03 June 2013}}</ref> [[Software as a service\|SaaS]] and cloud computing technologies have further changed how informatics systems are implemented in the U.S and worldwide, while at the same time raising new questions about security and stability.<ref name="APLISReview" />

	===Health informatics in Europe===		===Health informatics in Europe===

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:57, 24 February 2016
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	Even though the idea of using computers in medicine sprouted as technology advanced in the early twentieth century, it was not until the 1950s that informatics made a realistic impact in the United States.<ref name="univ" /> Robert Ledley led the charge in the 1950s with his early use of medical computation in his dental projects at the United States National Bureau of Standards.<ref name="Ledley">{{cite journal \|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1561796/ \|title=The Story Behind the Development of the First Whole-body Computerized Tomography Scanner as Told by Robert S. Ledley \|author=Sittig, Dean F.; Ash, Joan S.; Ledley, Robert S. \|journal=Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association \|volume=13 \|issue=5 \|pages=465–9 \|year=2006 \|pmid=16799115 \|pmc=1561796 \|doi=10.1197/jamia.M2127}}</ref>		Even though the idea of using computers in medicine sprouted as technology advanced in the early twentieth century, it was not until the 1950s that informatics made a realistic impact in the United States.<ref name="univ" /> Robert Ledley led the charge in the 1950s with his early use of medical computation in his dental projects at the United States National Bureau of Standards.<ref name="Ledley">{{cite journal \|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1561796/ \|title=The Story Behind the Development of the First Whole-body Computerized Tomography Scanner as Told by Robert S. Ledley \|author=Sittig, Dean F.; Ash, Joan S.; Ledley, Robert S. \|journal=Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association \|volume=13 \|issue=5 \|pages=465–9 \|year=2006 \|pmid=16799115 \|pmc=1561796 \|doi=10.1197/jamia.M2127}}</ref>

	By the mid-1950s expert systems such as MYCIN and ~~Internist~~-I were developed, and the National Library of Medicine started using even the even more advanced MEDLINE and MEDLARS systems by 1965. Around this same time a flurry of activity occurred. At the University of Utah, Dr. Homer R. Warner, one of the fathers of medical informatics<ref name="MedInfoEd">{{cite journal \|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC61389/ \|title=Medical Informatics Education: The University of Utah Experience \|journal=Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association \|author=Patton, Gregory A., Gardner, Reed M. \|volume=6 \|issue=6 \|pages=457–65 \|year=1999 \|pmid=10579604 \|pmc=61389}}</ref>, was already offering graduate-level classes in medical computer applications. Meanwhile Neil Pappalardo, Curtis Marble, and Robert Greenes were developing the Massachusetts General Hospital Utility Multi-Programming System (MUMPS) in Octo Barnett's Laboratory of Computer Science at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston.<ref name="APLISReview">{{cite journal \|url=http://ebookbrowse.com/anatomic-pathology-laboratory-information-systems-a-review-slpark-et-all-adv-anat-pathol-2012-pdf-d344405134 \|journal=Advances in Anatomic Pathology \|year=March 2012 \|volume=19 \|issue=2 \|page=81–96 \|title=Anatomic Pathology Laboratory Information Systems: A Review \|author=Park, Seung Lyung; Pantanowitz, Liron; Sharma, Guarav; Parwani, Anil Vasdev \|doi=10.1097/PAP.0b013e318248b787 \|accessdate=03 June 2013}}</ref><ref name="MileCompSci">{{cite book \|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=JTYPKxug49IC \|title=Milestones in Computer Science and Information Technology \|author=Reilly, Edwin D. \|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group \|year=2003 \|pages=161 \|isbn=9781573565219}}</ref> Yet due to its advanced nature, fragmented use across multiple entities, and inherent difficulty in extracting and analyzing data from the database, development of healthcare and laboratory systems on MUMPS was sporadic at best.<ref name="HistMedInfo">{{cite book \|url=http://books.google.com/books/about/A_History_of_medical_informatics.html?id=AR5rAAAAMAAJ \|title=A History of Medical Informatics \|author=Blum, Bruce I.; Duncan, Karen A. \|publisher=ACM Press \|year=1990 \|pages=141–53 \|isbn=0201501287}}</ref>		By the mid-1950s expert systems such as [[MYCIN]] and [[INTERNIST-I]] were developed, and the National Library of Medicine started using even the even more advanced MEDLINE and MEDLARS systems by 1965. Around this same time a flurry of activity occurred. At the University of Utah, Dr. Homer R. Warner, one of the fathers of medical informatics<ref name="MedInfoEd">{{cite journal \|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC61389/ \|title=Medical Informatics Education: The University of Utah Experience \|journal=Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association \|author=Patton, Gregory A., Gardner, Reed M. \|volume=6 \|issue=6 \|pages=457–65 \|year=1999 \|pmid=10579604 \|pmc=61389}}</ref>, was already offering graduate-level classes in medical computer applications. Meanwhile Neil Pappalardo, Curtis Marble, and Robert Greenes were developing the Massachusetts General Hospital Utility Multi-Programming System (MUMPS) in Octo Barnett's Laboratory of Computer Science at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston.<ref name="APLISReview">{{cite journal \|url=http://ebookbrowse.com/anatomic-pathology-laboratory-information-systems-a-review-slpark-et-all-adv-anat-pathol-2012-pdf-d344405134 \|journal=Advances in Anatomic Pathology \|year=March 2012 \|volume=19 \|issue=2 \|page=81–96 \|title=Anatomic Pathology Laboratory Information Systems: A Review \|author=Park, Seung Lyung; Pantanowitz, Liron; Sharma, Guarav; Parwani, Anil Vasdev \|doi=10.1097/PAP.0b013e318248b787 \|accessdate=03 June 2013}}</ref><ref name="MileCompSci">{{cite book \|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=JTYPKxug49IC \|title=Milestones in Computer Science and Information Technology \|author=Reilly, Edwin D. \|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group \|year=2003 \|pages=161 \|isbn=9781573565219}}</ref> Yet due to its advanced nature, fragmented use across multiple entities, and inherent difficulty in extracting and analyzing data from the database, development of healthcare and laboratory systems on MUMPS was sporadic at best.<ref name="HistMedInfo">{{cite book \|url=http://books.google.com/books/about/A_History_of_medical_informatics.html?id=AR5rAAAAMAAJ \|title=A History of Medical Informatics \|author=Blum, Bruce I.; Duncan, Karen A. \|publisher=ACM Press \|year=1990 \|pages=141–53 \|isbn=0201501287}}</ref>

	By the 1980s, however, the advent of Structured Query Language (SQL), relational database management systems (RDBMS), and [[Health Level 7]] (HL7) allowed software developers to expand the functionality and interoperability of health informatics systems, including the application of business analytics and business intelligence techniques to clinical data.<ref name="PractPathInfo">{{cite book \|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=WerUyK618fcC \|title=Practical Pathology Informatics: Demstifying Informatics for the Practicing Anatomic Pathologist \|author=Sinard, John H. \|publisher=Springer \|year=2006 \|pages=393 \|isbn=0387280588}}</ref> {{As of\|2013}} web-based and database-centric Internet applications of [[laboratory informatics]] software have further changed the way researchers and technicians interact with data, with web-driven data formatting technologies like [[Extensible Markup Language]] (XML) making interoperability of health and laboratory informatics software a much-needed reality.<ref name="OverBarEMR">{{cite journal \|url=http://jhi.sagepub.com/content/16/4/306.abstract \|journal=Health Informatics Journal \|year=December 2010 \|volume=16 \|issue=4 \|title=Overcoming barriers to electronic medical record (EMR) implementation in the US healthcare system: A comparative study \|author=Kumar, Sameer; Aldrich, Krista \|doi=10.1177/1460458210380523 \|accessdate=03 June 2013}}</ref> [[Software as a service\|SaaS]] and cloud computing technologies have further changed how informatics systems are implemented in the U.S and worldwide, while at the same time raising new questions about security and stability.<ref name="APLISReview" />		By the 1980s, however, the advent of Structured Query Language (SQL), relational database management systems (RDBMS), and [[Health Level 7]] (HL7) allowed software developers to expand the functionality and interoperability of health informatics systems, including the application of business analytics and business intelligence techniques to clinical data.<ref name="PractPathInfo">{{cite book \|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=WerUyK618fcC \|title=Practical Pathology Informatics: Demstifying Informatics for the Practicing Anatomic Pathologist \|author=Sinard, John H. \|publisher=Springer \|year=2006 \|pages=393 \|isbn=0387280588}}</ref> {{As of\|2013}} web-based and database-centric Internet applications of [[laboratory informatics]] software have further changed the way researchers and technicians interact with data, with web-driven data formatting technologies like [[Extensible Markup Language]] (XML) making interoperability of health and laboratory informatics software a much-needed reality.<ref name="OverBarEMR">{{cite journal \|url=http://jhi.sagepub.com/content/16/4/306.abstract \|journal=Health Informatics Journal \|year=December 2010 \|volume=16 \|issue=4 \|title=Overcoming barriers to electronic medical record (EMR) implementation in the US healthcare system: A comparative study \|author=Kumar, Sameer; Aldrich, Krista \|doi=10.1177/1460458210380523 \|accessdate=03 June 2013}}</ref> [[Software as a service\|SaaS]] and cloud computing technologies have further changed how informatics systems are implemented in the U.S and worldwide, while at the same time raising new questions about security and stability.<ref name="APLISReview" />

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:54, 6 April 2015
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	* [[Hospital information system]]		* [[Hospital information system]]
	* [[Laboratory information system]]		* [[Laboratory information system]]
	~~Testing~~

	==Notes==		==Notes==

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:54, 6 April 2015
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	* [[Hospital information system]]		* [[Hospital information system]]
	* [[Laboratory information system]]		* [[Laboratory information system]]
			Testing

	==Notes==		==Notes==