Health Level 7 - Revision history

Shawndouglas: Updated URLs for 2022

2022-01-08T00:53:16Z

Updated URLs for 2022

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:53, 8 January 2022
Line 11:		Line 11:
	In June 1994 the [[American National Standards Institute]] (ANSI) awarded Health Level 7 International status as an accredited standards developer. Version 2.2 became an official ANSI standard in February 1996. HL7 had roughly 1,700 members from various health care industries around the globe by the late 1990s.<ref name="PractDiLama" />		In June 1994 the [[American National Standards Institute]] (ANSI) awarded Health Level 7 International status as an accredited standards developer. Version 2.2 became an official ANSI standard in February 1996. HL7 had roughly 1,700 members from various health care industries around the globe by the late 1990s.<ref name="PractDiLama" />

	Version 3.0 of the HL7 standard was released in late 2005, which internationalized it and made it more consistent and precise.<ref name="HL730">{{cite web \|url=http://healthstandards.com/blog/2006/10/05/what-is-hl7-version-3-or-v3/ \|title=What Is HL7 Version 3 or V3? \|author=Shaver, D. \|work=Health Standards \|date=05 October 2006 \|~~accessdate~~=15 April 2020}}</ref> Where the 2.x standards eventually received wide adoption for their flexibility and available implementation options, the 3.0 standards, in contrast, departed from that flexibility in order to be more "definite and testable, and provide the ability to certify vendors' conformance."<ref name="HL7Three">{{cite web \|url=http://www.hl7.org/implement/standards/product_brief.cfm?product_id=186 \|title=HL7 Version 3 Product Suite \|publisher=Health Level 7 International \|date=15 May 2014 \|accessdate=18 February 2015}}</ref> In 2009, Corepoint Health reported that most HL7 messaging was occurring using 2.3 and 2.3.1 models, with 3.0-based messages representing only a tiny fraction of all interfaces<ref name="CH09">{{cite web \|url=http://www.corepointhealth.com/sites/default/files/whitepapers/hl7-v2-v3-evolution.pdf \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303221932/http://corepointhealth.com/sites/default/files/whitepapers/hl7-v2-v3-evolution.pdf \|format=PDF \|title=The HL7 Evolution: Comparing HL7 Version 2 to Version 3, Including a History of Version 2 \|author=Shaver, D. \|publisher=Corepoint Health \|date=2009 \|archivedate=03 March 2016 \|accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref>; in 2012 Corepoint Health's Rob Brull estimated that more than 90 percent of all healthcare systems were still utilizing 2.x models.<ref name="8Common">{{cite web \|url=https://www.healthcareitnews.com/news/8-common-questions-about-hl7 \|title=8 common questions about HL7 \|author=McNickle, M. \|work=Healthcare IT News \|publisher=HIMSS Media \|date=25 April 2012 \|accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref> That trend continued, with several experts proclaiming the standard to be more or less a failure.<ref name="Cari11">{{cite web \|url=~~http~~://caristix.com/blog/2011/01/will-hl7-v3-adoption-take-off-in-2011/ \|title=Will HL7 V3 Adoption Take Off in 2011? 5 Points and 1 Caveat \|author=Morin, J. \|work=Caristix Blog \|publisher=Caristix \|date=04 January 2011 \|accessdate=~~18 February 2015~~}}</ref><ref name="HI11">{{cite web \|url=http://www.healthintersections.com.au/?p=476 \|title=HL7 needs a fresh look because V3 has failed \|author=Grieve, G. \|work=Health Intersections Blog \|publisher=Health Intersections Pty. Ltd \|date=15 August 2011 \|accessdate=18 February 2015}}</ref>		Version 3.0 of the HL7 standard was released in late 2005, which internationalized it and made it more consistent and precise.<ref name="HL730">{{cite web \|url=http://healthstandards.com/blog/2006/10/05/what-is-hl7-version-3-or-v3/ \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200415214840/http://healthstandards.com/blog/2006/10/05/what-is-hl7-version-3-or-v3/ \|title=What Is HL7 Version 3 or V3? \|author=Shaver, D. \|work=Health Standards \|date=05 October 2006 \|archivedate=15 April 2020 \|accessdate=07 January 2022}}</ref> Where the 2.x standards eventually received wide adoption for their flexibility and available implementation options, the 3.0 standards, in contrast, departed from that flexibility in order to be more "definite and testable, and provide the ability to certify vendors' conformance."<ref name="HL7Three">{{cite web \|url=http://www.hl7.org/implement/standards/product_brief.cfm?product_id=186 \|title=HL7 Version 3 Product Suite \|publisher=Health Level 7 International \|date=15 May 2014 \|accessdate=18 February 2015}}</ref> In 2009, Corepoint Health reported that most HL7 messaging was occurring using 2.3 and 2.3.1 models, with 3.0-based messages representing only a tiny fraction of all interfaces<ref name="CH09">{{cite web \|url=http://www.corepointhealth.com/sites/default/files/whitepapers/hl7-v2-v3-evolution.pdf \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303221932/http://corepointhealth.com/sites/default/files/whitepapers/hl7-v2-v3-evolution.pdf \|format=PDF \|title=The HL7 Evolution: Comparing HL7 Version 2 to Version 3, Including a History of Version 2 \|author=Shaver, D. \|publisher=Corepoint Health \|date=2009 \|archivedate=03 March 2016 \|accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref>; in 2012 Corepoint Health's Rob Brull estimated that more than 90 percent of all healthcare systems were still utilizing 2.x models.<ref name="8Common">{{cite web \|url=https://www.healthcareitnews.com/news/8-common-questions-about-hl7 \|title=8 common questions about HL7 \|author=McNickle, M. \|work=Healthcare IT News \|publisher=HIMSS Media \|date=25 April 2012 \|accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref> That trend continued, with several experts proclaiming the standard to be more or less a failure.<ref name="Cari11">{{cite web \|url=https://caristix.com/blog/2011/01/will-hl7-v3-adoption-take-off-in-2011/ \|title=Will HL7 V3 Adoption Take Off in 2011? 5 Points and 1 Caveat \|author=Morin, J. \|work=Caristix Blog \|publisher=Caristix \|date=04 January 2011 \|accessdate=07 January 2022}}</ref><ref name="HI11">{{cite web \|url=http://www.healthintersections.com.au/?p=476 \|title=HL7 needs a fresh look because V3 has failed \|author=Grieve, G. \|work=Health Intersections Blog \|publisher=Health Intersections Pty. Ltd \|date=15 August 2011 \|accessdate=18 February 2015}}</ref>

	In early 2012, HL7 announced the HL7 FHIR (Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources) initiative, which would utilize the best aspects of both 2.x and 3.0 standards, optimally resulting in a standard that is 20 percent the size of 3.0 but still meet the operation requirements of 80 percent of systems using the standard.<ref name="FHIR12">{{cite journal \|url=http://www.healthcareimc.com/node/515 \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109022012/http://www.healthcareimc.com/node/515 \|journal=Healthcare Information Management & Communications Canada \|title=HL7’s Next Generation Standard is Coming: Keep Calm, Carry On \|author=McKenzie, L. \|volume=26 \|issue=1 \|year=February 2012 \|archivedate=09 January 2014 \|accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref> FHIR is being built on RESTful web services and provides modular, extensible "resources" to provide some flexibility but within a more fixed framework.<ref name="HL7StandardFHIR">{{cite web \|url=http://healthstandards.com/blog/2013/03/26/hl7-fhir/ \|title=5 Things to Know About HL7 FHIR \|author=Brull, R. \|work=Health Standards Blog \|publisher=Health Standards \|date=26 March 2013 \|accessdate=~~15 April 2020~~}}</ref> In December 2014, HL7 announced the Argonaut Project, meant "to hasten current FHIR development efforts in order to create practical and focused guidelines and profiles for FHIR by the spring of 2015."<ref name="FHIRArgo">{{cite web \|url=https://www.healthitoutcomes.com/doc/hl-advancing-fhir-0001 \|title=HL7 Advancing FHIR \|author=Kern, C. \|work=Health IT Outcomes \|publisher=Jameson Publishing \|date=12 December 2014 \|accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref>		In early 2012, HL7 announced the HL7 FHIR (Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources) initiative, which would utilize the best aspects of both 2.x and 3.0 standards, optimally resulting in a standard that is 20 percent the size of 3.0 but still meet the operation requirements of 80 percent of systems using the standard.<ref name="FHIR12">{{cite journal \|url=http://www.healthcareimc.com/node/515 \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109022012/http://www.healthcareimc.com/node/515 \|journal=Healthcare Information Management & Communications Canada \|title=HL7’s Next Generation Standard is Coming: Keep Calm, Carry On \|author=McKenzie, L. \|volume=26 \|issue=1 \|year=February 2012 \|archivedate=09 January 2014 \|accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref> FHIR is being built on RESTful web services and provides modular, extensible "resources" to provide some flexibility but within a more fixed framework.<ref name="HL7StandardFHIR">{{cite web \|url=http://healthstandards.com/blog/2013/03/26/hl7-fhir/ \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716071425/http://healthstandards.com/blog/2013/03/26/hl7-fhir/ \|title=5 Things to Know About HL7 FHIR \|author=Brull, R. \|work=Health Standards Blog \|publisher=Health Standards \|date=26 March 2013 \|archivedate=16 July 2017 \|accessdate=07 January 2022}}</ref> In December 2014, HL7 announced the Argonaut Project, meant "to hasten current FHIR development efforts in order to create practical and focused guidelines and profiles for FHIR by the spring of 2015."<ref name="FHIRArgo">{{cite web \|url=https://www.healthitoutcomes.com/doc/hl-advancing-fhir-0001 \|title=HL7 Advancing FHIR \|author=Kern, C. \|work=Health IT Outcomes \|publisher=Jameson Publishing \|date=12 December 2014 \|accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref>

	==Standards==		==Standards==
Line 29:		Line 29:
	===Clinical Document Architecture (CDA)===		===Clinical Document Architecture (CDA)===

	The Clinical Document Architecture (CDA) is an XML-based markup standard intended to specify the encoding, structure, and semantics of clinical documents for exchange.<ref name="CDABook">{{cite book \|url=~~http~~://books.google.com/books?id=rwa6DDB4jY8C&pg=PA17 \|title=The CDA Book \|author=Boone, Keith W. \|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media \|year=2011 \|pages=17–21 \|accessdate=~~17 February 2015~~}}</ref> The standard is accepted as official by the ISO as ISO/HL7 27932; the most current version comes from 2009.<ref name="ISO27932">{{cite web \|url=https://www.iso.org/standard/44429.html \|title=ISO/HL7 27932:2009 \|publisher=International Organization for Standardization \|accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref>		The Clinical Document Architecture (CDA) is an XML-based markup standard intended to specify the encoding, structure, and semantics of clinical documents for exchange.<ref name="CDABook">{{cite book \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rwa6DDB4jY8C&pg=PA17 \|title=The CDA Book \|author=Boone, Keith W. \|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media \|year=2011 \|pages=17–21 \|accessdate=07 January 2022}}</ref> The standard is accepted as official by the ISO as ISO/HL7 27932; the most current version comes from 2009.<ref name="ISO27932">{{cite web \|url=https://www.iso.org/standard/44429.html \|title=ISO/HL7 27932:2009 \|publisher=International Organization for Standardization \|accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref>

	===Clinical Context Object Workgroup (CCOW)===		===Clinical Context Object Workgroup (CCOW)===
Line 50:		Line 50:
	* design, publish, and implement associated specifications using widely available tools.		* design, publish, and implement associated specifications using widely available tools.

	In February 2014, Health Level Seven International published FHIR as a "Draft Standard for Trial Use" (DSTU), Release 1, version DSTU 1 (v0.0.82).<ref name="HL7Fast14-1">{{cite news \|url=http://www.hl7.org/implement/standards/product_brief.cfm?product_id=343 \|title=HL7 Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources Specification 'FHIR', Release 1 \|author==HL7 International \|date=February 2014 \|accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref> By December 2014, a broad cross-section of stakeholders committed to the Argonaut Project<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.hl7.org/documentcenter/public/pressreleases/HL7_PRESS_20141204.pdf \|format=PDF \|title=HL7 Launches Joint Argonaut Project to Advance FHIR \|author=HL7 International \|date=04 December 2014 \|accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref>, which was dedicated to providing accelerated funding and political will to publish FHIR implementation guides and profiles for query/response interoperability and document retrieval by the spring of 2015. It would then be possible for medical records systems to migrate from the current practice of exchanging complex clinical document architecture (CDA) documents and instead exchange sets of simpler, more modular and interoperable FHIR JSON objects.<ref name="BraunsteinCanArgo15">{{cite web \|url=https://www.informationweek.com/strategic-cio/can-argonaut-project-make-exchanging-health-data-easier~~/a/d~~-~~id/1318774~~ \|title=Can Argonaut Project Make Exchanging Health Data Easier? \|author=Braunstein, M. \|work=InformationWeek \|date=26 January 2015 \|accessdate=~~15 April 2020~~}}</ref> By August 2016, the CEO of HL7 was suggesting that although still a draft standard, FHIR was already capable of providing valuable features to early adopters.<ref name="MurphyHealth16">{{cite web \|url=https://ehrintelligence.com/news/health-it-standard-fhir-ready-to-advance-interoperability \|title=Health IT Standard FHIR Ready to Advance Interoperability \|author=Murphy, K. \|work=EHR Intelligence \|date=09 August 2016 \|accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref> In March 2017, the first standards for trial use or STU version of FHIR was released as Release 3. It included coverage of a variety of clinical workflows, a resource description framework format, and a variety of other updates.<ref name="MiliardHL717">{{cite web \|url=https://www.healthcareitnews.com/news/hl7-publishes-new-version-its-fhir-specification \|title=HL7 publishes a new version of its FHIR specification \|author=Miliard, M. \|work=Healthcare IT News \|date=22 March 2017 \|accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref> Revision 4 was released in January 2019, with the key takeaway that "applications that implement the normative parts of R4 no longer risk being non-conformant to the standard," with those normative parts largely being "the RESTful API, the XML and JSON formats, the terminology layer, the conformance framework as well as Patient and Observation resources."<ref name="SullivanHL7_19">{{cite web \|url=https://www.healthcareitnews.com/news/hl7-releases-fhir-4 \|title=HL7 releases FHIR 4 \|author=Sullivan, T. \|work=Healthcare IT News \|date=02 January 2019 \|accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref>		In February 2014, Health Level Seven International published FHIR as a "Draft Standard for Trial Use" (DSTU), Release 1, version DSTU 1 (v0.0.82).<ref name="HL7Fast14-1">{{cite news \|url=http://www.hl7.org/implement/standards/product_brief.cfm?product_id=343 \|title=HL7 Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources Specification 'FHIR', Release 1 \|author==HL7 International \|date=February 2014 \|accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref> By December 2014, a broad cross-section of stakeholders committed to the Argonaut Project<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.hl7.org/documentcenter/public/pressreleases/HL7_PRESS_20141204.pdf \|format=PDF \|title=HL7 Launches Joint Argonaut Project to Advance FHIR \|author=HL7 International \|date=04 December 2014 \|accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref>, which was dedicated to providing accelerated funding and political will to publish FHIR implementation guides and profiles for query/response interoperability and document retrieval by the spring of 2015. It would then be possible for medical records systems to migrate from the current practice of exchanging complex clinical document architecture (CDA) documents and instead exchange sets of simpler, more modular and interoperable FHIR JSON objects.<ref name="BraunsteinCanArgo15">{{cite web \|url=https://www.informationweek.com/strategic-cio/can-argonaut-project-make-exchanging-health-data-easier- \|title=Can Argonaut Project Make Exchanging Health Data Easier? \|author=Braunstein, M. \|work=InformationWeek \|date=26 January 2015 \|accessdate=07 January 2022}}</ref> By August 2016, the CEO of HL7 was suggesting that although still a draft standard, FHIR was already capable of providing valuable features to early adopters.<ref name="MurphyHealth16">{{cite web \|url=https://ehrintelligence.com/news/health-it-standard-fhir-ready-to-advance-interoperability \|title=Health IT Standard FHIR Ready to Advance Interoperability \|author=Murphy, K. \|work=EHR Intelligence \|date=09 August 2016 \|accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref> In March 2017, the first standards for trial use or STU version of FHIR was released as Release 3. It included coverage of a variety of clinical workflows, a resource description framework format, and a variety of other updates.<ref name="MiliardHL717">{{cite web \|url=https://www.healthcareitnews.com/news/hl7-publishes-new-version-its-fhir-specification \|title=HL7 publishes a new version of its FHIR specification \|author=Miliard, M. \|work=Healthcare IT News \|date=22 March 2017 \|accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref> Revision 4 was released in January 2019, with the key takeaway that "applications that implement the normative parts of R4 no longer risk being non-conformant to the standard," with those normative parts largely being "the RESTful API, the XML and JSON formats, the terminology layer, the conformance framework as well as Patient and Observation resources."<ref name="SullivanHL7_19">{{cite web \|url=https://www.healthcareitnews.com/news/hl7-releases-fhir-4 \|title=HL7 releases FHIR 4 \|author=Sullivan, T. \|work=Healthcare IT News \|date=02 January 2019 \|accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref>

	==Further reading==		==Further reading==

	* [http://www.hl7.org/implement/standards/index.cfm Introduction to HL7 Standards]		* [http://www.hl7.org/implement/standards/index.cfm Introduction to HL7 Standards]
	* {{cite web \|url=http://www.ringholm.com/docs/the_early_history_of_health_level_7_HL7.htm \|title=The Early History of Health Level 7 \|author=Spronk, René \|publisher=Ringholm BV \|date=05 September 2014}}		* {{cite web \|url=http://www.ringholm.com/docs/the_early_history_of_health_level_7_HL7.htm \|title=The Early History of Health Level 7 \|author=Spronk, René \|publisher=Ringholm BV \|date=05 September 2014}}

	==External links==		==External links==

Shawndouglas: /* Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) */

2020-04-15T22:40:32Z

Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR)

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:40, 15 April 2020
Line 50:		Line 50:
	* design, publish, and implement associated specifications using widely available tools.		* design, publish, and implement associated specifications using widely available tools.

	In February 2014, Health Level Seven International published FHIR as a "Draft Standard for Trial Use" (DSTU), Release 1, version DSTU 1 (v0.0.82).<ref name="HL7Fast14-1">{{cite news \|url=http://www.hl7.org/implement/standards/product_brief.cfm?product_id=343 \|title=HL7 Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources Specification 'FHIR', Release 1 \|author==HL7 International \|date=February 2014 \|accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref> By December 2014, a broad cross-section of stakeholders committed to the Argonaut Project<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.hl7.org/documentcenter/public/pressreleases/HL7_PRESS_20141204.pdf \|format=PDF \|title=HL7 Launches Joint Argonaut Project to Advance FHIR \|author=HL7 International \|date=04 December 2014 \|accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref>, which was dedicated to providing accelerated funding and political will to publish FHIR implementation guides and profiles for query/response interoperability and document retrieval by the spring of 2015. It would then be possible for medical records systems to migrate from the current practice of exchanging complex clinical document architecture (CDA) documents and instead exchange sets of simpler, more modular and interoperable FHIR JSON objects.<ref name="BraunsteinCanArgo15">{{cite web \|url=https://www.informationweek.com/strategic-cio/can-argonaut-project-make-exchanging-health-data-easier/a/d-id/1318774 \|title=Can Argonaut Project Make Exchanging Health Data Easier? \|author=Braunstein, M. \|work=InformationWeek \|date=26 January 2015 \|accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref> By August 2016, the CEO of HL7 was suggesting that although still a draft standard, FHIR was already capable of providing valuable features to early adopters.<ref name="MurphyHealth16">{{cite web \|url=https://ehrintelligence.com/news/health-it-standard-fhir-ready-to-advance-interoperability \|title=Health IT Standard FHIR Ready to Advance Interoperability \|author=Murphy, K. \|work=EHR Intelligence \|date=09 August 2016 \|accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref> In March 2017, the first standards for trial use or STU version of FHIR was released as Release 3. It included coverage of a variety of clinical workflows, a resource description framework format, and a variety of other updates.<ref name="MiliardHL717">{{cite web \|url=https://www.healthcareitnews.com/news/hl7-publishes-new-version-its-fhir-specification \|title=HL7 publishes a new version of its FHIR specification \|author=Miliard, M. \|work=Healthcare IT News \|date=22 March 2017 \|accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref> Revision 4 was released in January 2019, with the key takeaway that "applications that implement the normative parts of R4 no longer risk being non-conformant to the standard," with those normative parts largely being "the RESTful API, the XML and JSON formats, the terminology layer, the conformance framework as well as Patient and Observation resources."<ref name="SullivanHL7_19">{cite web \|url=https://www.healthcareitnews.com/news/hl7-releases-fhir-4 \|title=HL7 releases FHIR 4 \|author=Sullivan, T. \|work=Healthcare IT News \|date=02 January 2019 \|accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref>		In February 2014, Health Level Seven International published FHIR as a "Draft Standard for Trial Use" (DSTU), Release 1, version DSTU 1 (v0.0.82).<ref name="HL7Fast14-1">{{cite news \|url=http://www.hl7.org/implement/standards/product_brief.cfm?product_id=343 \|title=HL7 Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources Specification 'FHIR', Release 1 \|author==HL7 International \|date=February 2014 \|accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref> By December 2014, a broad cross-section of stakeholders committed to the Argonaut Project<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.hl7.org/documentcenter/public/pressreleases/HL7_PRESS_20141204.pdf \|format=PDF \|title=HL7 Launches Joint Argonaut Project to Advance FHIR \|author=HL7 International \|date=04 December 2014 \|accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref>, which was dedicated to providing accelerated funding and political will to publish FHIR implementation guides and profiles for query/response interoperability and document retrieval by the spring of 2015. It would then be possible for medical records systems to migrate from the current practice of exchanging complex clinical document architecture (CDA) documents and instead exchange sets of simpler, more modular and interoperable FHIR JSON objects.<ref name="BraunsteinCanArgo15">{{cite web \|url=https://www.informationweek.com/strategic-cio/can-argonaut-project-make-exchanging-health-data-easier/a/d-id/1318774 \|title=Can Argonaut Project Make Exchanging Health Data Easier? \|author=Braunstein, M. \|work=InformationWeek \|date=26 January 2015 \|accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref> By August 2016, the CEO of HL7 was suggesting that although still a draft standard, FHIR was already capable of providing valuable features to early adopters.<ref name="MurphyHealth16">{{cite web \|url=https://ehrintelligence.com/news/health-it-standard-fhir-ready-to-advance-interoperability \|title=Health IT Standard FHIR Ready to Advance Interoperability \|author=Murphy, K. \|work=EHR Intelligence \|date=09 August 2016 \|accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref> In March 2017, the first standards for trial use or STU version of FHIR was released as Release 3. It included coverage of a variety of clinical workflows, a resource description framework format, and a variety of other updates.<ref name="MiliardHL717">{{cite web \|url=https://www.healthcareitnews.com/news/hl7-publishes-new-version-its-fhir-specification \|title=HL7 publishes a new version of its FHIR specification \|author=Miliard, M. \|work=Healthcare IT News \|date=22 March 2017 \|accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref> Revision 4 was released in January 2019, with the key takeaway that "applications that implement the normative parts of R4 no longer risk being non-conformant to the standard," with those normative parts largely being "the RESTful API, the XML and JSON formats, the terminology layer, the conformance framework as well as Patient and Observation resources."<ref name="SullivanHL7_19">{{cite web \|url=https://www.healthcareitnews.com/news/hl7-releases-fhir-4 \|title=HL7 releases FHIR 4 \|author=Sullivan, T. \|work=Healthcare IT News \|date=02 January 2019 \|accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref>

	==Further reading==		==Further reading==

Shawndouglas: /* Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) */

2020-04-15T22:39:21Z

Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR)

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:39, 15 April 2020
Line 50:		Line 50:
	* design, publish, and implement associated specifications using widely available tools.		* design, publish, and implement associated specifications using widely available tools.

	In February 2014, [[Health Level Seven International]] published FHIR as a "Draft Standard for Trial Use" (DSTU), Release 1, version DSTU 1 (v0.0.82).<ref name="HL7Fast14-1">{{cite news \|url=http://www.hl7.org/implement/standards/product_brief.cfm?product_id=343 \|title=HL7 Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources Specification 'FHIR', Release 1 \|author==HL7 International \|date=February 2014 \|accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref> By December 2014, a broad cross-section of stakeholders committed to the Argonaut Project<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.hl7.org/documentcenter/public/pressreleases/HL7_PRESS_20141204.pdf \|format=PDF \|title=HL7 Launches Joint Argonaut Project to Advance FHIR \|author=HL7 International \|date=04 December 2014 \|accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref>, which was dedicated to providing accelerated funding and political will to publish FHIR implementation guides and profiles for query/response interoperability and document retrieval by the spring of 2015. It would then be possible for medical records systems to migrate from the current practice of exchanging complex clinical document architecture (CDA) documents and instead exchange sets of simpler, more modular and interoperable FHIR JSON objects.<ref name="BraunsteinCanArgo15">{{cite web \|url=https://www.informationweek.com/strategic-cio/can-argonaut-project-make-exchanging-health-data-easier/a/d-id/1318774 \|title=Can Argonaut Project Make Exchanging Health Data Easier? \|author=Braunstein, M. \|work=InformationWeek \|date=26 January 2015 \|accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref> By August 2016, the CEO of HL7 was suggesting that although still a draft standard, FHIR was already capable of providing valuable features to early adopters.<ref name="MurphyHealth16">{{cite web \|url=https://ehrintelligence.com/news/health-it-standard-fhir-ready-to-advance-interoperability \|title=Health IT Standard FHIR Ready to Advance Interoperability \|author=Murphy, K. \|work=EHR Intelligence \|date=09 August 2016 \|accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref> In March 2017, the first standards for trial use or STU version of FHIR was released as Release 3. It included coverage of a variety of clinical workflows, a resource description framework format, and a variety of other updates.<ref name="MiliardHL717">{{cite web \|url=https://www.healthcareitnews.com/news/hl7-publishes-new-version-its-fhir-specification \|title=HL7 publishes a new version of its FHIR specification \|author=Miliard, M. \|work=Healthcare IT News \|date=22 March 2017 \|accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref> Revision 4 was released in January 2019, with the key takeaway that "applications that implement the normative parts of R4 no longer risk being non-conformant to the standard," with those normative parts largely being "the RESTful API, the XML and JSON formats, the terminology layer, the conformance framework as well as Patient and Observation resources."<ref name="SullivanHL7_19">{cite web \|url=https://www.healthcareitnews.com/news/hl7-releases-fhir-4 \|title=HL7 releases FHIR 4 \|author=Sullivan, T. \|work=Healthcare IT News \|date=02 January 2019 \|accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref>		In February 2014, Health Level Seven International published FHIR as a "Draft Standard for Trial Use" (DSTU), Release 1, version DSTU 1 (v0.0.82).<ref name="HL7Fast14-1">{{cite news \|url=http://www.hl7.org/implement/standards/product_brief.cfm?product_id=343 \|title=HL7 Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources Specification 'FHIR', Release 1 \|author==HL7 International \|date=February 2014 \|accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref> By December 2014, a broad cross-section of stakeholders committed to the Argonaut Project<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.hl7.org/documentcenter/public/pressreleases/HL7_PRESS_20141204.pdf \|format=PDF \|title=HL7 Launches Joint Argonaut Project to Advance FHIR \|author=HL7 International \|date=04 December 2014 \|accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref>, which was dedicated to providing accelerated funding and political will to publish FHIR implementation guides and profiles for query/response interoperability and document retrieval by the spring of 2015. It would then be possible for medical records systems to migrate from the current practice of exchanging complex clinical document architecture (CDA) documents and instead exchange sets of simpler, more modular and interoperable FHIR JSON objects.<ref name="BraunsteinCanArgo15">{{cite web \|url=https://www.informationweek.com/strategic-cio/can-argonaut-project-make-exchanging-health-data-easier/a/d-id/1318774 \|title=Can Argonaut Project Make Exchanging Health Data Easier? \|author=Braunstein, M. \|work=InformationWeek \|date=26 January 2015 \|accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref> By August 2016, the CEO of HL7 was suggesting that although still a draft standard, FHIR was already capable of providing valuable features to early adopters.<ref name="MurphyHealth16">{{cite web \|url=https://ehrintelligence.com/news/health-it-standard-fhir-ready-to-advance-interoperability \|title=Health IT Standard FHIR Ready to Advance Interoperability \|author=Murphy, K. \|work=EHR Intelligence \|date=09 August 2016 \|accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref> In March 2017, the first standards for trial use or STU version of FHIR was released as Release 3. It included coverage of a variety of clinical workflows, a resource description framework format, and a variety of other updates.<ref name="MiliardHL717">{{cite web \|url=https://www.healthcareitnews.com/news/hl7-publishes-new-version-its-fhir-specification \|title=HL7 publishes a new version of its FHIR specification \|author=Miliard, M. \|work=Healthcare IT News \|date=22 March 2017 \|accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref> Revision 4 was released in January 2019, with the key takeaway that "applications that implement the normative parts of R4 no longer risk being non-conformant to the standard," with those normative parts largely being "the RESTful API, the XML and JSON formats, the terminology layer, the conformance framework as well as Patient and Observation resources."<ref name="SullivanHL7_19">{cite web \|url=https://www.healthcareitnews.com/news/hl7-releases-fhir-4 \|title=HL7 releases FHIR 4 \|author=Sullivan, T. \|work=Healthcare IT News \|date=02 January 2019 \|accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref>

	==Further reading==		==Further reading==

Shawndouglas: /* Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) */

2020-04-15T22:39:06Z

Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR)

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:39, 15 April 2020
Line 37:		Line 37:
	===Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR)===		===Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR)===

	The Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) standard was announced in 2012 ~~and has been in development since~~. FHIR ~~is being~~ built on RESTful web services and provides modular, extensible "resources" to provide some flexibility but within a more fixed framework. ~~The~~ fundamental principles ~~of FHIR are~~<ref name="FHIRPrinc">{{cite web \|url=https://wiki.hl7.org/index.php?title=Fundamental_Principles_of_FHIR \|title=Fundamental Principles of FHIR \|publisher=Health Level 7 International \|work=HL7 Wiki \|date=16 September 2014 \|accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref>:		The Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) standard was announced in 2012. FHIR was originally built on RESTful web services and provides modular, extensible "resources" to provide some flexibility but within a more fixed framework. During the development phase of FHIR, the driving fundamental principles were<ref name="FHIRPrinc">{{cite web \|url=https://wiki.hl7.org/index.php?title=Fundamental_Principles_of_FHIR \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141117041614/https://wiki.hl7.org/index.php?title=Fundamental_Principles_of_FHIR \|title=Fundamental Principles of FHIR \|publisher=Health Level 7 International \|work=HL7 Wiki \|date=17 September 2014 \|archivedate=17 November 2014 \|accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref>:

	* prioritize implementers as the target user of the standard;		* prioritize implementers as the target user of the standard;
Line 49:		Line 49:
	* make the standard forward and backward compatible; and		* make the standard forward and backward compatible; and
	* design, publish, and implement associated specifications using widely available tools.		* design, publish, and implement associated specifications using widely available tools.

			In February 2014, [[Health Level Seven International]] published FHIR as a "Draft Standard for Trial Use" (DSTU), Release 1, version DSTU 1 (v0.0.82).<ref name="HL7Fast14-1">{{cite news \|url=http://www.hl7.org/implement/standards/product_brief.cfm?product_id=343 \|title=HL7 Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources Specification 'FHIR', Release 1 \|author==HL7 International \|date=February 2014 \|accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref> By December 2014, a broad cross-section of stakeholders committed to the Argonaut Project<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.hl7.org/documentcenter/public/pressreleases/HL7_PRESS_20141204.pdf \|format=PDF \|title=HL7 Launches Joint Argonaut Project to Advance FHIR \|author=HL7 International \|date=04 December 2014 \|accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref>, which was dedicated to providing accelerated funding and political will to publish FHIR implementation guides and profiles for query/response interoperability and document retrieval by the spring of 2015. It would then be possible for medical records systems to migrate from the current practice of exchanging complex clinical document architecture (CDA) documents and instead exchange sets of simpler, more modular and interoperable FHIR JSON objects.<ref name="BraunsteinCanArgo15">{{cite web \|url=https://www.informationweek.com/strategic-cio/can-argonaut-project-make-exchanging-health-data-easier/a/d-id/1318774 \|title=Can Argonaut Project Make Exchanging Health Data Easier? \|author=Braunstein, M. \|work=InformationWeek \|date=26 January 2015 \|accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref> By August 2016, the CEO of HL7 was suggesting that although still a draft standard, FHIR was already capable of providing valuable features to early adopters.<ref name="MurphyHealth16">{{cite web \|url=https://ehrintelligence.com/news/health-it-standard-fhir-ready-to-advance-interoperability \|title=Health IT Standard FHIR Ready to Advance Interoperability \|author=Murphy, K. \|work=EHR Intelligence \|date=09 August 2016 \|accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref> In March 2017, the first standards for trial use or STU version of FHIR was released as Release 3. It included coverage of a variety of clinical workflows, a resource description framework format, and a variety of other updates.<ref name="MiliardHL717">{{cite web \|url=https://www.healthcareitnews.com/news/hl7-publishes-new-version-its-fhir-specification \|title=HL7 publishes a new version of its FHIR specification \|author=Miliard, M. \|work=Healthcare IT News \|date=22 March 2017 \|accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref> Revision 4 was released in January 2019, with the key takeaway that "applications that implement the normative parts of R4 no longer risk being non-conformant to the standard," with those normative parts largely being "the RESTful API, the XML and JSON formats, the terminology layer, the conformance framework as well as Patient and Observation resources."<ref name="SullivanHL7_19">{cite web \|url=https://www.healthcareitnews.com/news/hl7-releases-fhir-4 \|title=HL7 releases FHIR 4 \|author=Sullivan, T. \|work=Healthcare IT News \|date=02 January 2019 \|accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref>

	==Further reading==		==Further reading==

Shawndouglas: Updated citations for 2020.

2020-04-15T22:02:20Z

Updated citations for 2020.

Show changes

Shawndouglas: /* References */ Added cat

2016-08-24T21:42:07Z

References: Added cat

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:42, 24 August 2016
Line 65:		Line 65:

	<!---Place all category tags here-->		<!---Place all category tags here-->
			[[Category:Communication protocols and standards]]
	[[Category:Health informatics]]		[[Category:Health informatics]]
	[[Category:Health standards]]		[[Category:Health standards]]
	[[Category:Standards organizations]]		[[Category:Standards organizations]]

Shawndouglas: /* External links */ Fixed URL

2015-02-18T20:15:36Z

External links: Fixed URL

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:15, 18 February 2015
Line 59:		Line 59:
	* [http://www.hl7.org/ Health Level 7 International]		* [http://www.hl7.org/ Health Level 7 International]
	* [http://wiki.hl7.org/index.php?title=Main_Page HL7 Wiki]		* [http://wiki.hl7.org/index.php?title=Main_Page HL7 Wiki]
	* [http://wiki.hl7.org/index.php?title=~~FHIRHL7~~ FHIR]		* [http://wiki.hl7.org/index.php?title=FHIR HL7 FHIR]

	==References==		==References==

Shawndouglas: Added more content.

2015-02-18T20:14:25Z

Added more content.

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:14, 18 February 2015
Line 11:		Line 11:
	In June 1994 the [[American National Standards Institute]] (ANSI) awarded Health Level 7 International status as an accredited standards developer. Version 2.2 became an official ANSI standard in February 1996. HL7 had roughly 1,700 members from various health care industries around the globe by the late 1990s.<ref name="PractDiLama" />		In June 1994 the [[American National Standards Institute]] (ANSI) awarded Health Level 7 International status as an accredited standards developer. Version 2.2 became an official ANSI standard in February 1996. HL7 had roughly 1,700 members from various health care industries around the globe by the late 1990s.<ref name="PractDiLama" />

	Version 3.0 of the HL7 standard was released in late 2005, which internationalized it and made it more consistent and precise.<ref name="HL730">{{cite web \|url=http://www.hl7standards.com/blog/2006/10/05/what-is-hl7-version-3-or-v3/ \|title=What Is HL7 Version 3 or V3? \|author=Shaver,Dave \|work=HL7 Standards \|date=05 October 2006 \|date=17 February 2015}}</ref>		Version 3.0 of the HL7 standard was released in late 2005, which internationalized it and made it more consistent and precise.<ref name="HL730">{{cite web \|url=http://www.hl7standards.com/blog/2006/10/05/what-is-hl7-version-3-or-v3/ \|title=What Is HL7 Version 3 or V3? \|author=Shaver,Dave \|work=HL7 Standards \|date=05 October 2006 \|date=17 February 2015}}</ref> Where the 2.x standards eventually received wide adoption for their flexibility and available implementation options, the 3.0 standards, in contrast, departed from that flexibility in order to be more "definite and testable, and provide the ability to certify vendors' conformance."<ref name="HL7Three">{{cite web \|url=http://www.hl7.org/implement/standards/product_brief.cfm?product_id=186 \|title=HL7 Version 3 Product Suite \|publisher=Health Level 7 International \|date=15 May 2014 \|accessdate=18 February 2015}}</ref> In 2009, Corepoint Health reported that most HL7 messaging was occurring using 2.3 and 2.3.1 models, with 3.0-based messages representing only a tiny fraction of all interfaces<ref name="CH09">{{cite web \|url=http://www.corepointhealth.com/sites/default/files/whitepapers/hl7-v2-v3-evolution.pdf \|format=PDF \|title=The HL7 Evolution: Comparing HL7 Version 2 to Version 3, Including a History of Version 2 \|author=Shaver, Dave \|publisher=Corepoint Health \|date=2009 \|accessdate=18 February 2015}}</ref>; in 2012 Corepoint Health's Rob Brull estimated that more than 90 percent of all healthcare systems were still utilizing 2.x models.<ref name="8Common">{{cite web \|url=http://www.healthcareitnews.com/news/8-common-questions-about-hl7 \|title=8 common questions about HL7 \|author=McNickle, Michelle \|work=Healthcare IT News \|publisher=HIMSS Media \|date=25 April 2012 \|accessdate=18 February 2015}}</ref> That trend continued, with several experts proclaiming the standard to be more or less a failure.<ref name="Cari11">{{cite web \|url=http://caristix.com/blog/2011/01/will-hl7-v3-adoption-take-off-in-2011/ \|title=Will HL7 V3 Adoption Take Off in 2011? 5 Points and 1 Caveat \|author=Morin, Jeanluc \|work=Caristix Blog \|publisher=Caristix \|date=04 January 2011 \|accessdate=18 February 2015}}</ref><ref name="HI11">{{cite web \|url=http://www.healthintersections.com.au/?p=476 \|title=HL7 needs a fresh look because V3 has failed \|author=Grieve, Grahame \|work=Health Intersections Blog \|publisher=Health Intersections Pty. Ltd \|date=15 August 2011 \|accessdate=18 February 2015}}</ref>

			In early 2012, HL7 announced the HL7 FHIR (Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources) initiative, which would utilize the best aspects of both 2.x and 3.0 standards, optimally resulting in a standard that is 20 percent the size of 3.0 but still meet the operation requirements of 80 percent of systems using the standard.<ref name="FHIR12">{{cite journal \|url=http://www.healthcareimc.com/node/515 \|journal=Healthcare Information Management & Communications Canada \|title=HL7’s Next Generation Standard is Coming: Keep Calm, Carry On \|author=McKenzie, Lloyd \|volume=26 \|issue=1 \|year=February 2012 \|accessdate=18 February 2015}}</ref> FHIR is being built on RESTful web services and provides modular, extensible "resources" to provide some flexibility but within a more fixed framework.<ref name="HL7StandardFHIR">{{cite web \|url=http://www.hl7standards.com/blog/2013/03/26/hl7-fhir/ \|title=5 Things to Know About HL7 FHIR \|author=Brull, Rob \|work=HL7 Standards Blog \|publisher=HL7 Standards \|date=26 March 2013 \|accessdate=18 February 2015}}</ref> In December 2014, HL7 announced the Argonaut Project, meant "to hasten current FHIR development efforts in order to create practical and focused guidelines and profiles for FHIR by the spring of 2015."<ref name="FHIRArgo">{{cite web \|url=http://www.healthitoutcomes.com/doc/hl-advancing-fhir-0001 \|title=HL7 Advancing FHIR \|author=Kern, Christine \|work=Health IT Outcomes \|publisher=Jameson Publishing \|date=12 December 2014 \|accessdate=18 February 2015}}</ref>

	==Standards==		==Standards==
Line 17:		Line 19:
	In total HL7 develops conceptual standards (e.g., HL7 RIM), document standards (e.g., HL7 CDA), application standards (e.g., HL7 CCOW), and messaging standards (e.g., HL7 v2.x and v3.0). Messaging standards are particularly important because they define how information is packaged and communicated from one party to another. Such standards set the language, structure, and data types required for seamless integration from one system to another.<ref>{{cite web \|title=Creating Clinical Data Standards in Health Care: Five Case Studies \|author=Kim, Katherine \|url=http://www.kathykim.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderfiles/ClinicalDataStandardsInHealthCare.pdf \|publisher=California HealthCare Foundation \|date=July 2005 \|accessdate=02 March 2012 \|format=PDF}}</ref> Business use of the HL7 standards requires a paid organizational membership in HL7, Inc. HL7 members can access standards for free, and non-members can buy the standards from HL7 or [[ANSI]].		In total HL7 develops conceptual standards (e.g., HL7 RIM), document standards (e.g., HL7 CDA), application standards (e.g., HL7 CCOW), and messaging standards (e.g., HL7 v2.x and v3.0). Messaging standards are particularly important because they define how information is packaged and communicated from one party to another. Such standards set the language, structure, and data types required for seamless integration from one system to another.<ref>{{cite web \|title=Creating Clinical Data Standards in Health Care: Five Case Studies \|author=Kim, Katherine \|url=http://www.kathykim.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderfiles/ClinicalDataStandardsInHealthCare.pdf \|publisher=California HealthCare Foundation \|date=July 2005 \|accessdate=02 March 2012 \|format=PDF}}</ref> Business use of the HL7 standards requires a paid organizational membership in HL7, Inc. HL7 members can access standards for free, and non-members can buy the standards from HL7 or [[ANSI]].

	HL7 v2.x and 3.x are the primary standards from the organization. ~~However~~, a few other standards associated with HL7 ~~include the following examples~~.		HL7 v2.x and 3.0 are the primary standards from the organization. They provide a framework for data exchange among clinical and healthcare systems in an ideal format. The 2.x standards are flexible, with several implementation options, loosely geared towards "clinical interface specialists" working to move clinical data in the application space. The 3.0 standards are designed to be more fixed, precise, and international, geared towards governments and end users of clinical applications.<ref name="CH09" />

			While HL7 v2.x and 3.0 are the primary standards, a few other important standards and components are associated with HL7, as detailed below.

	===Reference Information Model (RIM)===		===Reference Information Model (RIM)===

	The Reference Information Model (RIM) is an important component of the HL7 Version 3 standard. RIM expresses the data content needed in a specific clinical or administrative context and provides an explicit representation of the semantic and lexical connections that exist between the information carried in the fields of HL7 messages.<ref name="RIM">{{cite web \|url=http://www.hl7.org/implement/standards/rim.cfm \|title=HL7 Reference Information Model \|publisher=Health Level 7 International \|accessdate=17 February 2015}}</ref> The standard is accepted as official by the ISO as ISO/HL7 21731; the original was approved in 2006, with a revised version appearing in 2014.<ref name="ISO21731">{{cite web \|url=http://www.iso.org/iso/home/store/catalogue_ics/catalogue_detail_ics.htm?csnumber=40399 \|title=ISO/HL7 21731:2006 \|publisher=~~ISO~~ \|accessdate=17 February 2015}}</ref>		The Reference Information Model (RIM) is an important component of the HL7 Version 3 standard. RIM expresses the data content needed in a specific clinical or administrative context and provides an explicit representation of the semantic and lexical connections that exist between the information carried in the fields of HL7 messages.<ref name="RIM">{{cite web \|url=http://www.hl7.org/implement/standards/rim.cfm \|title=HL7 Reference Information Model \|publisher=Health Level 7 International \|accessdate=17 February 2015}}</ref> The standard is accepted as official by the ISO as ISO/HL7 21731; the original was approved in 2006, with a revised version appearing in 2014.<ref name="ISO21731">{{cite web \|url=http://www.iso.org/iso/home/store/catalogue_ics/catalogue_detail_ics.htm?csnumber=40399 \|title=ISO/HL7 21731:2006 \|publisher=International Organization for Standardization \|accessdate=17 February 2015}}</ref>

	===Clinical Document Architecture (CDA)===		===Clinical Document Architecture (CDA)===

	The Clinical Document Architecture (CDA) is an XML-based markup standard intended to specify the encoding, structure, and semantics of clinical documents for exchange.<ref name="CDABook">{{cite book \|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=rwa6DDB4jY8C&pg=PA17 \|title=The CDA Book \|author=Boone, Keith W. \|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media \|year=2011 \|pages=17–21 \|accessdate=17 February 2015}}</ref> The standard is accepted as official by the ISO as ISO/HL7 27932; the most current version comes from 2009.<ref name="ISO27932">{{cite web \|url=http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=44429 \|title=ISO/HL7 27932:2009 \|publisher=~~ISO~~ \|accessdate=17 February 2015}}</ref>		The Clinical Document Architecture (CDA) is an XML-based markup standard intended to specify the encoding, structure, and semantics of clinical documents for exchange.<ref name="CDABook">{{cite book \|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=rwa6DDB4jY8C&pg=PA17 \|title=The CDA Book \|author=Boone, Keith W. \|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media \|year=2011 \|pages=17–21 \|accessdate=17 February 2015}}</ref> The standard is accepted as official by the ISO as ISO/HL7 27932; the most current version comes from 2009.<ref name="ISO27932">{{cite web \|url=http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=44429 \|title=ISO/HL7 27932:2009 \|publisher=International Organization for Standardization \|accessdate=17 February 2015}}</ref>

	===Clinical Context Object Workgroup (CCOW)===		===Clinical Context Object Workgroup (CCOW)===

	The Clinical Context Object Workgroup (CCOW) family of standards are designed to enable disparate applications to share user context and patient context in real-time, particularly at the user-interface level. CCOW implementations typically require a CCOW vault system to manage user security between applications. The primary standard under CCOW is the Context Management Specifications (CCOW), which "serves as the basis for ensuring secure and consistent access to patient information from heterogeneous sources."<ref name="CCOWWiki">{{cite web \|url=http://wiki.hl7.org/index.php?title=Product_CCOW \|title=Product CCOW \|work=HL7 Wiki \|publisher=Health Level 7 International \|date=27 October 2010 \|accessdate=17 February 2015}}</ref> This standard is accepted as official by ANSI as ANSI/HL7 CMS V1.6.		The Clinical Context Object Workgroup (CCOW) family of standards are designed to enable disparate applications to share user context and patient context in real-time, particularly at the user-interface level. CCOW implementations typically require a CCOW vault system to manage user security between applications. The primary standard under CCOW is the Context Management Specifications (CCOW), which "serves as the basis for ensuring secure and consistent access to patient information from heterogeneous sources."<ref name="CCOWWiki">{{cite web \|url=http://wiki.hl7.org/index.php?title=Product_CCOW \|title=Product CCOW \|work=HL7 Wiki \|publisher=Health Level 7 International \|date=27 October 2010 \|accessdate=17 February 2015}}</ref> This standard is accepted as official by ANSI as ANSI/HL7 CMS V1.6.

			===Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR)===

			The Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) standard was announced in 2012 and has been in development since. FHIR is being built on RESTful web services and provides modular, extensible "resources" to provide some flexibility but within a more fixed framework. The fundamental principles of FHIR are<ref name="FHIRPrinc">{{cite web \|url=http://wiki.hl7.org/index.php?title=Fundamental_Principles_of_FHIR \|title=Fundamental Principles of FHIR \|publisher=Health Level 7 International \|work=HL7 Wiki \|date=16 September 2014 \|accessdate=18February 2015}}</ref>:

			* prioritize implementers as the target user of the standard;
			* provide a flexible framework for interoperability;
			* limit complexity to where it's most needed;
			* keep conformance requirement minimal but also provide varying degrees of rigor;
			* leverage open source development principles;
			* make the standard available without cost;
			* support multiple exchange architectures;
			* leverage common web technologies;
			* make the standard forward and backward compatible; and
			* design, publish, and implement associated specifications using widely available tools.

	==Further reading==		==Further reading==
Line 35:		Line 54:
	* [http://www.hl7.org/implement/standards/index.cfm Introduction to HL7 Standards]		* [http://www.hl7.org/implement/standards/index.cfm Introduction to HL7 Standards]
	* {{cite web \|url=http://www.ringholm.com/docs/the_early_history_of_health_level_7_HL7.htm \|title=The Early History of Health Level 7 \|author=Spronk, René \|publisher=Ringholm BV \|date=05 September 2014}}		* {{cite web \|url=http://www.ringholm.com/docs/the_early_history_of_health_level_7_HL7.htm \|title=The Early History of Health Level 7 \|author=Spronk, René \|publisher=Ringholm BV \|date=05 September 2014}}

			==External links==

			* [http://www.hl7.org/ Health Level 7 International]
			* [http://wiki.hl7.org/index.php?title=Main_Page HL7 Wiki]
			* [http://wiki.hl7.org/index.php?title=FHIRHL7 FHIR]

	==References==		==References==

Shawndouglas: Added more content.

2015-02-17T22:31:57Z

Added more content.

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:31, 17 February 2015
Line 1:		Line 1:
			[[File:HL7 Reference Information Model.jpg\|\|thumb\|550px\|right\|The Reference Information Model (RIM) is an important component of the HL7 v3.0 standard and is based on XML.]]
	'''Health Level Seven''' ('''HL7''') is an international non-profit volunteer-based organization involved with the development of international health care informatics interoperability standards.<ref name=HL7About>{{cite web \|title=About Health Level Seven International \|publisher=Health Level Seven International \|url=http://www.hl7.org/about/index.cfm \|accessdate=02 March 2012}}</ref> The HL7 community consists of health care experts and information scientists collaborating to create standards for the exchange, management, and integration of electronic health care information.		'''Health Level Seven''' ('''HL7''') is an international non-profit volunteer-based organization involved with the development of international health care informatics interoperability standards.<ref name=HL7About>{{cite web \|title=About Health Level Seven International \|publisher=Health Level Seven International \|url=http://www.hl7.org/about/index.cfm \|accessdate=02 March 2012}}</ref> The HL7 community consists of health care experts and information scientists collaborating to create standards for the exchange, management, and integration of electronic health care information.

	The term "HL7" is also used to refer to some of the specific standards created by the organization (e.g., HL7 v2.x, v3.0, HL7 RIM).<ref name=HL7BatchProtocol>{{cite web \|title=Healthcare Interoperability Glossary \|publisher=Corepoint Health \|url=http://www.corepointhealth.com/resource-center/healthcare-interoperability-glossary#H \|accessdate=02 March 2012}}</ref> HL7 and its members provide a framework (and related standards) for the exchange, integration, sharing, and retrieval of electronic health information. v2.x of the standards, which support clinical practice and the management, delivery, and evaluation of health services, are the most commonly used in the world.<ref>{{cite web \|last=Shaver \|first=Dave \|title=The HL7 Evolution - Comparing HL7 Versions 2 and 3 \|url=http://www.corepointhealth.com/sites/default/files/whitepapers/hl7-v2-v3-evolution.pdf \|publisher=Corepoint Health \|accessdate=02 March 2012 \|format=PDF}}</ref>		The term "HL7" is also used to refer to some of the specific standards created by the organization (e.g., HL7 v2.x, v3.0, HL7 RIM).<ref name=HL7BatchProtocol>{{cite web \|title=Healthcare Interoperability Glossary \|publisher=Corepoint Health \|url=http://www.corepointhealth.com/resource-center/healthcare-interoperability-glossary#H \|accessdate=02 March 2012}}</ref> HL7 and its members provide a framework (and related standards) for the exchange, integration, sharing, and retrieval of electronic health information. v2.x of the standards, which support clinical practice and the management, delivery, and evaluation of health services, are the most commonly used in the world.<ref>{{cite web \|last=Shaver \|first=Dave \|title=The HL7 Evolution - Comparing HL7 Versions 2 and 3 \|url=http://www.corepointhealth.com/sites/default/files/whitepapers/hl7-v2-v3-evolution.pdf \|publisher=Corepoint Health \|accessdate=02 March 2012 \|format=PDF}}</ref>

			==History==
			The [[International Organization for Standardization]] (ISO) got involved with standardizing network exchanges of data between computers around 1979, creating the Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) standards model. These formal OSI standards ranged across seven levels, from OSI Level 1 (physical layer, e.g. communication over coaxial cable) to OSI Level 7 (application layer, e.g. communication between clinical software). By 1981, researchers at University of California - San Francisco had created a proprietary protocol that unbeknownst to them at the time fit under the OSI Level 7 model. The protocol was developed for clinical purposes such that "computers exchanged several core messages, including the synchronization of patient admission-discharge-transfer information, orders from clinical areas, and the display of textual results to the clinical areas."<ref name="HL7Hist1">{{cite web \|url=http://www.ringholm.com/docs/the_early_history_of_health_level_7_HL7.htm \|title=The Early History of Health Level 7 \|author=Spronk, René \|publisher=Ringholm BV \|date=05 September 2014 \|accessdate=17 February 2015}}</ref>

			By 1985, Simborg Systems (which developed [[hospital information system]]s) sought to have a non-proprietary protocol created because "standardization efforts at the time was either fragmented, in a different direction or with a different scope."<ref name="HL7Hist1" /> This led to a push to create a new standards organization, with initial meetings occurring at the end of March 1987. The meetings produced the term "HL7" and prompted a non-profit organization to be created, eventually known as Health Level Seven International. Version 1.0 of the HL7 specification was released in October 1987. The direction of HL7 was largely led by Simborg Systems; however, with greater practical use seen in furthering the protocol and non-profit, the first non-Simborg Systems chairperson, Ed Hammond, took the reigns in 1989.<ref name="HL7Hist1" /> By June 1990, Version 2.1 was published and included mechanisms for results reporting and billing. By the early- to mid-1990s news of HL7 was beginning to spread to international clinical sectors, particularly parts of Europe, including Netherlands, Germany, Canada, Japan, Australia, and the United Kingdom.<ref name="HL7Hist1" /><ref name="PractDiLama">{{cite book \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vX_zVaMlR8sC&pg=PA90 \|title=A Practical Introduction to Health Information Management \|author=Di Lima, Sara N.; Johns, Lisa T.; Liebler, Joan Gratto \|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning \|year=1998 \|isbn=9780834212312 \|accessdate=17 February 2015}}</ref>

			In June 1994 the [[American National Standards Institute]] (ANSI) awarded Health Level 7 International status as an accredited standards developer. Version 2.2 became an official ANSI standard in February 1996. HL7 had roughly 1,700 members from various health care industries around the globe by the late 1990s.<ref name="PractDiLama" />

			Version 3.0 of the HL7 standard was released in late 2005, which internationalized it and made it more consistent and precise.<ref name="HL730">{{cite web \|url=http://www.hl7standards.com/blog/2006/10/05/what-is-hl7-version-3-or-v3/ \|title=What Is HL7 Version 3 or V3? \|author=Shaver,Dave \|work=HL7 Standards \|date=05 October 2006 \|date=17 February 2015}}</ref>

			==Standards==

	In total HL7 develops conceptual standards (e.g., HL7 RIM), document standards (e.g., HL7 CDA), application standards (e.g., HL7 CCOW), and messaging standards (e.g., HL7 v2.x and v3.0). Messaging standards are particularly important because they define how information is packaged and communicated from one party to another. Such standards set the language, structure, and data types required for seamless integration from one system to another.<ref>{{cite web \|title=Creating Clinical Data Standards in Health Care: Five Case Studies \|author=Kim, Katherine \|url=http://www.kathykim.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderfiles/ClinicalDataStandardsInHealthCare.pdf \|publisher=California HealthCare Foundation \|date=July 2005 \|accessdate=02 March 2012 \|format=PDF}}</ref> Business use of the HL7 standards requires a paid organizational membership in HL7, Inc. HL7 members can access standards for free, and non-members can buy the standards from HL7 or [[ANSI]].		In total HL7 develops conceptual standards (e.g., HL7 RIM), document standards (e.g., HL7 CDA), application standards (e.g., HL7 CCOW), and messaging standards (e.g., HL7 v2.x and v3.0). Messaging standards are particularly important because they define how information is packaged and communicated from one party to another. Such standards set the language, structure, and data types required for seamless integration from one system to another.<ref>{{cite web \|title=Creating Clinical Data Standards in Health Care: Five Case Studies \|author=Kim, Katherine \|url=http://www.kathykim.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderfiles/ClinicalDataStandardsInHealthCare.pdf \|publisher=California HealthCare Foundation \|date=July 2005 \|accessdate=02 March 2012 \|format=PDF}}</ref> Business use of the HL7 standards requires a paid organizational membership in HL7, Inc. HL7 members can access standards for free, and non-members can buy the standards from HL7 or [[ANSI]].

			HL7 v2.x and 3.x are the primary standards from the organization. However, a few other standards associated with HL7 include the following examples.

			===Reference Information Model (RIM)===

			The Reference Information Model (RIM) is an important component of the HL7 Version 3 standard. RIM expresses the data content needed in a specific clinical or administrative context and provides an explicit representation of the semantic and lexical connections that exist between the information carried in the fields of HL7 messages.<ref name="RIM">{{cite web \|url=http://www.hl7.org/implement/standards/rim.cfm \|title=HL7 Reference Information Model \|publisher=Health Level 7 International \|accessdate=17 February 2015}}</ref> The standard is accepted as official by the ISO as ISO/HL7 21731; the original was approved in 2006, with a revised version appearing in 2014.<ref name="ISO21731">{{cite web \|url=http://www.iso.org/iso/home/store/catalogue_ics/catalogue_detail_ics.htm?csnumber=40399 \|title=ISO/HL7 21731:2006 \|publisher=ISO \|accessdate=17 February 2015}}</ref>

			===Clinical Document Architecture (CDA)===

			The Clinical Document Architecture (CDA) is an XML-based markup standard intended to specify the encoding, structure, and semantics of clinical documents for exchange.<ref name="CDABook">{{cite book \|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=rwa6DDB4jY8C&pg=PA17 \|title=The CDA Book \|author=Boone, Keith W. \|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media \|year=2011 \|pages=17–21 \|accessdate=17 February 2015}}</ref> The standard is accepted as official by the ISO as ISO/HL7 27932; the most current version comes from 2009.<ref name="ISO27932">{{cite web \|url=http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=44429 \|title=ISO/HL7 27932:2009 \|publisher=ISO \|accessdate=17 February 2015}}</ref>

			===Clinical Context Object Workgroup (CCOW)===

			The Clinical Context Object Workgroup (CCOW) family of standards are designed to enable disparate applications to share user context and patient context in real-time, particularly at the user-interface level. CCOW implementations typically require a CCOW vault system to manage user security between applications. The primary standard under CCOW is the Context Management Specifications (CCOW), which "serves as the basis for ensuring secure and consistent access to patient information from heterogeneous sources."<ref name="CCOWWiki">{{cite web \|url=http://wiki.hl7.org/index.php?title=Product_CCOW \|title=Product CCOW \|work=HL7 Wiki \|publisher=Health Level 7 International \|date=27 October 2010 \|accessdate=17 February 2015}}</ref> This standard is accepted as official by ANSI as ANSI/HL7 CMS V1.6.

	==Further reading==		==Further reading==

	* [http://www.hl7.org/implement/standards/index.cfm Introduction to HL7 Standards]		* [http://www.hl7.org/implement/standards/index.cfm Introduction to HL7 Standards]
			* {{cite web \|url=http://www.ringholm.com/docs/the_early_history_of_health_level_7_HL7.htm \|title=The Early History of Health Level 7 \|author=Spronk, René \|publisher=Ringholm BV \|date=05 September 2014}}

	==References==		==References==

Shawndouglas: Removed cat

2014-08-06T16:18:01Z

Removed cat

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:18, 6 August 2014
Line 15:		Line 15:
	[[Category:Health informatics]]		[[Category:Health informatics]]
	[[Category:Health standards]]		[[Category:Health standards]]
	~~[[Category:Regulatory information]]~~
	[[Category:Standards organizations]]		[[Category:Standards organizations]]