Electronic laboratory notebook - Revision history

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	{{About\|the general software replacement for laboratory notebooks\|other uses of the term "electronic laboratory notebook," "electronic lab notebook," or "ELN"\|ELN}}<br />		{{About\|the general software replacement for laboratory notebooks\|other uses of the term "electronic laboratory notebook," "electronic lab notebook," or "ELN"\|ELN}}<br />
	[[File:AGBell Notebook.jpg\|right\|thumb\|~~280px~~\|Alexander Graham Bell's unpublished lab notebook, well before the invention of the ELN]]An '''electronic laboratory notebook''' (also known as '''electronic lab notebook''' or '''ELN''') is a [[software]] program or package designed to replace more traditional paper-based [[laboratory notebook]]s, which have for centuries been used by academic and industry researchers to document the procedures and results of experiments. ELNs in general are used by researchers to document, store, retrieve, and share fully electronic [[laboratory]] data and information—usually research-based—"in ways that meet all legal, regulatory, technical, and scientific requirements."<ref name="ZallTheNasc01">{{cite journal \|title=The nascent paperless laboratory \|journal=Chemical Innovation \|author=Zall, M. \|volume=31 \|issue=2 \|pages=14–21 \|year=2001 \|url=http://pubsapp.acs.org/subscribe/archive/ci/31/i02/html/02zall.html}}</ref> A well-designed ELN is also meant to act as legal documentation as well as scientific documentation, and it may be used in a court of law as evidence. Similar to an inventor's notebook, the lab notebook is also often referred to in patent prosecution and intellectual property litigation. Modern electronic lab notebooks have the advantage of being easier to search and share, better supporting collaboration among many users, and being more secure than their paper counterparts. However, the transition from paper-based laboratory notebooks to electronic versions can present a number of challenges to organizations, particularly in regards to researchers rejecting their use as being too time-consuming to learn, too difficult to use, and insufficient to meeting their needs.		[[File:AGBell Notebook.jpg\|right\|thumb\|380px\|Alexander Graham Bell's unpublished lab notebook, well before the invention of the ELN]]An '''electronic laboratory notebook''' (also known as '''electronic lab notebook''' or '''ELN''') is a [[software]] program or package designed to replace more traditional paper-based [[laboratory notebook]]s, which have for centuries been used by academic and industry researchers to document the procedures and results of experiments. ELNs in general are used by researchers to document, store, retrieve, and share fully electronic [[laboratory]] data and information—usually research-based—"in ways that meet all legal, regulatory, technical, and scientific requirements."<ref name="ZallTheNasc01">{{cite journal \|title=The nascent paperless laboratory \|journal=Chemical Innovation \|author=Zall, M. \|volume=31 \|issue=2 \|pages=14–21 \|year=2001 \|url=http://pubsapp.acs.org/subscribe/archive/ci/31/i02/html/02zall.html}}</ref> A well-designed ELN is also meant to act as legal documentation as well as scientific documentation, and it may be used in a court of law as evidence. Similar to an inventor's notebook, the lab notebook is also often referred to in patent prosecution and intellectual property litigation. Modern electronic lab notebooks have the advantage of being easier to search and share, better supporting collaboration among many users, and being more secure than their paper counterparts. However, the transition from paper-based laboratory notebooks to electronic versions can present a number of challenges to organizations, particularly in regards to researchers rejecting their use as being too time-consuming to learn, too difficult to use, and insufficient to meeting their needs.

	==History of the ELN==		==History of the ELN==

Shawndouglas: Full update for 2024

2024-03-11T22:48:20Z

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Shawndouglas: Updated URLs for 2022

2022-01-07T20:11:06Z

Updated URLs for 2022

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	Among these two general categories are ELNs that capture two particular markets: individual researchers and group research teams. ELNs can be tailored to one or both types of markets, with both groups and individuals benefiting from the ELN's inherent ability to add structure to research records. Groups utilizing an ELN typically require two additional abilities: to share research data and communicate about their research.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.researchspace.com/electronic-lab-notebook/blog/lab/?tag=record \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929193010/http://www.researchspace.com/electronic-lab-notebook/blog/lab/?tag=record \|title=Are electronic lab notebooks for individuals or groups? \|author=Macneil, R. \|work=The electronic lab notebook blog \|publisher=ResearchSpace/Axiope \|date=11 November 2010 \|archivedate=29 September 2017 \|accessdate=21 March 2020}}</ref>		Among these two general categories are ELNs that capture two particular markets: individual researchers and group research teams. ELNs can be tailored to one or both types of markets, with both groups and individuals benefiting from the ELN's inherent ability to add structure to research records. Groups utilizing an ELN typically require two additional abilities: to share research data and communicate about their research.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.researchspace.com/electronic-lab-notebook/blog/lab/?tag=record \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929193010/http://www.researchspace.com/electronic-lab-notebook/blog/lab/?tag=record \|title=Are electronic lab notebooks for individuals or groups? \|author=Macneil, R. \|work=The electronic lab notebook blog \|publisher=ResearchSpace/Axiope \|date=11 November 2010 \|archivedate=29 September 2017 \|accessdate=21 March 2020}}</ref>

	Modern features include, but are not limited to<ref name="MacneilWhatAre10">{{cite web \|url=http://www.researchspace.com/elnblog/?paged=4 \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929193448/http://www.researchspace.com/elnblog/?paged=4 \|title=What are electronic lab notebooks for? \|author=Macneil, R. \|publisher=ResearchSpace/Axiope \|date=06 October 2010 \|archivedate=29 September 2017 \|accessdate=21 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="DuttonLabNote06">{{cite web \|url=https://www.genengnews.com/magazine/lab-notebooks-offer-efficiency-gains/ \|title=Lab Notebooks Offer Efficiency Gains \|author=Dutton, G. \|work=Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News \|publisher=Mary Ann Liebert, Inc \|date=01 December 2006 \|accessdate=21 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="BruceALook08">{{cite web \|url=https://www.scientificcomputing.com/article/2002/12/look-state-electronic-lab-notebook-technology \|title=A Look at the State of Electronic Lab Notebook Technology \|author=Bruce, S. \|work=Scientific Computing \|publisher=Advantage Business Media \|date=09 October 2008 \|accessdate=27 September 2017}}</ref><ref name="KanzaElectronic17">{{cite journal \|title=Electronic lab notebooks: Can they replace paper? \|journal=Journal of Cheminformatics \|author=Kanza, S.; Willoughby, C.; Gibbins, N. et al. \|volume=9 \|pages=31 \|year=2017 \|doi=10.1186/s13321-017-0221-3 \|pmc=PMC5443717}}</ref>:		Modern features include, but are not limited to<ref name="MacneilWhatAre10">{{cite web \|url=http://www.researchspace.com/elnblog/?paged=4 \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929193448/http://www.researchspace.com/elnblog/?paged=4 \|title=What are electronic lab notebooks for? \|author=Macneil, R. \|publisher=ResearchSpace/Axiope \|date=06 October 2010 \|archivedate=29 September 2017 \|accessdate=21 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="DuttonLabNote06">{{cite web \|url=https://www.genengnews.com/magazine/lab-notebooks-offer-efficiency-gains/ \|title=Lab Notebooks Offer Efficiency Gains \|author=Dutton, G. \|work=Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News \|publisher=Mary Ann Liebert, Inc \|date=01 December 2006 \|accessdate=21 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="BruceALook08">{{cite web \|url=https://www.scientificcomputing.com/article/2002/12/look-state-electronic-lab-notebook-technology \|title=A Look at the State of Electronic Lab Notebook Technology \|author=Bruce, S. \|work=Scientific Computing \|publisher=Advantage Business Media \|date=09 October 2008 \|accessdate=27 September 2017}}</ref>{{dead link}}<ref name="KanzaElectronic17">{{cite journal \|title=Electronic lab notebooks: Can they replace paper? \|journal=Journal of Cheminformatics \|author=Kanza, S.; Willoughby, C.; Gibbins, N. et al. \|volume=9 \|pages=31 \|year=2017 \|doi=10.1186/s13321-017-0221-3 \|pmc=PMC5443717}}</ref>:

	* importation of data which has already been captured elsewhere		* importation of data which has already been captured elsewhere

Shawndouglas: Minor updates for 2020

2020-03-21T22:33:53Z

Minor updates for 2020

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Shawndouglas: Updated rest of citations and tweaked content

2017-09-29T19:55:06Z

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Shawndouglas: Partial cleanup of citations. Continuing cleanup.

2017-09-29T19:05:29Z

Partial cleanup of citations. Continuing cleanup.

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:05, 29 September 2017
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	{{About\|the general software replacement for laboratory notebooks\|other uses of the term "electronic laboratory notebook," "electronic lab notebook," or "ELN"\|ELN}}<br />		{{About\|the general software replacement for laboratory notebooks\|other uses of the term "electronic laboratory notebook," "electronic lab notebook," or "ELN"\|ELN}}<br />
	[[File:AGBell Notebook.jpg\|right\|thumb\|280px\|Alexander Graham Bell's unpublished lab notebook, well before the invention of the ELN]]An '''electronic laboratory notebook''' (also known as '''electronic lab notebook''' or '''ELN''') is a [[software]] program or package designed to replace more traditional paper [[laboratory notebook]]s. Laboratory notebooks in general are used by scientists and technicians to document, store, retrieve, and share fully electronic [[laboratory]] records in ways that meet all legal, regulatory, technical and scientific requirements.<ref name="~~Zall~~">{{cite journal\|journal=Chemical Innovation\|~~year~~=~~2001~~\|pages=14–21\|~~title~~=~~The nascent paperless laboratory \|author=Zall, Milton~~\|url=http://pubs.acs.org/subscribe/archive/ci/31/i02/html/02zall.html}}</ref> A laboratory notebook is often maintained to be a legal document and may be used in a court of law as evidence. Similar to an inventor's notebook, the lab notebook is also often referred to in patent prosecution and intellectual property litigation. Modern electronic lab notebooks have the advantage of being easier to search upon, support collaboration ~~amongst~~ many users, and can be made more secure than their paper counterparts.		[[File:AGBell Notebook.jpg\|right\|thumb\|280px\|Alexander Graham Bell's unpublished lab notebook, well before the invention of the ELN]]An '''electronic laboratory notebook''' (also known as '''electronic lab notebook''' or '''ELN''') is a [[software]] program or package designed to replace more traditional paper [[laboratory notebook]]s. Laboratory notebooks in general are used by scientists and technicians to document, store, retrieve, and share fully electronic [[laboratory]] records in ways that meet all legal, regulatory, technical and scientific requirements.<ref name="ZallTheNasc01">{{cite journal \|title=The nascent paperless laboratory \|journal=Chemical Innovation \|author=Zall, M. \|volume=31 \|issue=2 \|pages=14–21 \|year=2001 \|url=http://pubs.acs.org/subscribe/archive/ci/31/i02/html/02zall.html}}</ref> A laboratory notebook is often maintained to be a legal document and may be used in a court of law as evidence. Similar to an inventor's notebook, the lab notebook is also often referred to in patent prosecution and intellectual property litigation. Modern electronic lab notebooks have the advantage of being easier to search upon, support collaboration among many users, and can be made more secure than their paper counterparts.

	==History of the ELN==		==History of the ELN==
	While some credit Dr. Keith Caserta with the concept of an electronic version of the laboratory notebook<ref name="EarlyELN">{{cite journal \|editor=Matthews, ~~Marge~~ \|url=~~http~~://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5647/m1/48/ \|title=Meeting Program Division of Chemical Education \|journal=Chemical Information Bulletin, A Publication of the Division of Chemical Information of the ACS \|publisher=University of North Texas Digital Library \|pages=64 \|year=1993 \|volume=45 \|issue=3 \|accessdate=03 May 2011}}</ref>, it's likely that others had similar early ideas on how to integrate computing into the process of laboratory note taking.<ref name="ELNLifeArch">{{cite web \|url=http://web.me.com/evildrbob/Site/My_ELN_Life/My_ELN_Life.html \|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20110515133816/http://web.me.com/evildrbob/Site/My_ELN_Life/My_ELN_Life.html \|title=My ELN Life \|author=Rumpf, ~~Wolfgang~~ \|publisher=Wolfgang Rumpf, Ph.D \|archivedate=15 May 2011 \|accessdate=05 March 2013}}</ref> Significant discussion concerning the transition from a pen-and-paper laboratory notebook to an electronic format was already in full swing in the early 1990s. During the 206th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society in August, 1993, an entire day of the conference was dedicated to talking about "electronic notebooks" and ELNs.<ref name="MMattChemEd">{{cite journal ~~\|url=http://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5647/m1/48/~~ \|title=Meeting Program Division of Chemical Education \|journal=Chemical Information Bulletin~~, A Publication of the Division of Chemical Information of the ACS~~ \|editor=Matthews, ~~Marge~~ \|~~publisher~~=~~University of North Texas Digital Library~~ \|~~pages~~=46 \|year=1993 \|~~volume~~=~~45 \|issue=3~~ \|accessdate=03 May 2011}}</ref> "A tetherless electronic equivalent of the paper notebook would be welcomed by the working scientist," noted Virginia Polytechnic Institute's Dr. Raymond E. Dessy for the conference.<ref name="EarlyELN" /> Dessy had in the mid-1980s begun postulating on the idea of an electronic notebook, and by 1994 he provided one of the first working examples of an ELN.<ref name="BormanELNRev">{{cite journal \|~~url~~=~~http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/cen-v072n021.p010 \|format=PDF~~ \|journal=Chemical Engineering News \|~~year~~=~~1994~~ \|volume=72 \|issue=21 \|pages=10–20 \|~~title~~=~~Electronic Laboratory Notebooks May Revolutionize Research Record Keeping~~ \|~~author~~=~~Borman, Stu \|doi:~~10.1021/cen-v072n021.p010 ~~\|accessdate=03 May 2011~~}}</ref>		While some credit Dr. Keith Caserta with the concept of an electronic version of the laboratory notebook<ref name="EarlyELN">{{cite journal \|title=Meeting Program Division of Chemical Education \|journal=Chemical Information Bulletin \|editor=Matthews, M. \|volume=45 \|issue=3 \|page=64 \|year=1993 \|url=https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5647/m1/48/ \|accessdate=03 May 2011}}</ref>, it's likely that others had similar early ideas on how to integrate computing into the process of laboratory note taking.<ref name="ELNLifeArch">{{cite web \|url=http://web.me.com/evildrbob/Site/My_ELN_Life/My_ELN_Life.html \|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20110515133816/http://web.me.com/evildrbob/Site/My_ELN_Life/My_ELN_Life.html \|title=My ELN Life \|author=Rumpf, W. \|publisher=Wolfgang Rumpf, Ph.D \|archivedate=15 May 2011 \|accessdate=05 March 2013}}</ref> Significant discussion concerning the transition from a pen-and-paper laboratory notebook to an electronic format was already in full swing in the early 1990s. During the 206th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society in August, 1993, an entire day of the conference was dedicated to talking about "electronic notebooks" and ELNs.<ref name="MMattChemEd">{{cite journal \|title=Meeting Program Division of Chemical Education \|journal=Chemical Information Bulletin \|editor=Matthews, M. \|volume=45 \|issue=3 \|page=46 \|year=1993 \|url=https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5647/m1/48/ \|accessdate=03 May 2011}}</ref> "A tetherless electronic equivalent of the paper notebook would be welcomed by the working scientist," noted Virginia Polytechnic Institute's Dr. Raymond E. Dessy for the conference.<ref name="EarlyELN" /> Dessy had in the mid-1980s begun postulating on the idea of an electronic notebook, and by 1994 he provided one of the first working examples of an ELN.<ref name="BormanELNRev">{{cite journal \|title=Electronic Laboratory Notebooks May Revolutionize Research Record Keeping \|journal=Chemical Engineering News \|author=Borman, S. \|volume=72 \|issue=21 \|pages=10–20 \|year=1994 \|doi=10.1021/cen-v072n021.p010}}</ref>

	By 1997, a special interest group called the Collaborative Electronic Notebook Systems Association (CENSA) formed. Supported by 11 major pharmaceutical and chemical companies, the consortium worked with scientific software and hardware vendors to facilitate the creation of an ELN that met the technical and regulatory needs of its members.<ref>{{cite journal\|journal=Proceedings of the 19th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society\|~~year~~=~~1997~~\|volume=6\|pages=2659–2661\|~~title~~=~~The Collaborative Electronic Notebook Systems Consortium~~ \|~~author~~=~~Lysakowski, R.\|doi:~~10.1109/IEMBS.1997.~~756879 \|url=http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?arnumber=~~756879}}</ref> The consortium at that time envisioned a collaborative ELN that "teams of scientists worldwide can use to reliably capture, manage, securely share, and permanently archive and retrieve all common data and records generated by research and development and testing labs."<ref>{{cite ~~web~~\|url=http://escholarship.org/uc/item/1m24k447?query=electronic%20lab%20notebook;hitNum=1#page-40 ~~\|author=Chandler, Robin L.~~\|title=Documenting the Biotechnology Industry in the San Francisco Bay Area \|publisher=University of California - San Diego Libraries \|page=40 \|~~date~~=1997 \|accessdate=03 May 2011}}</ref> That same year development of an enterprise-wide ELN at Kodak's research facilities in England was in full swing. The Kodak ELN was "implemented as a collection of Lotus Notes databases and applications," making it arguably one of the first enterprise ELN solutions in use at the time.<ref>{{cite book\|title=Impact of Advances in Computing and Communications Technologies on Chemical Science and Technology: Report of a Workshop\|author=McLaughlin, ~~David~~ R.\|~~chapter~~=~~Chapter 11: The Wired Laboratory~~\|year=1999\|pages=164\|~~publisher~~=~~National Academy Press~~\|url=http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=9591&page=164~~\|isbn=0309065771~~}}</ref>		By 1997, a special interest group called the Collaborative Electronic Notebook Systems Association (CENSA) formed. Supported by 11 major pharmaceutical and chemical companies, the consortium worked with scientific software and hardware vendors to facilitate the creation of an ELN that met the technical and regulatory needs of its members.<ref name="LysakowskiTgeCikkav97">{{cite journal \|title=The Collaborative Electronic Notebook Systems Consortium \|journal=Proceedings of the 19th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society \|author=Lysakowski, R. \|volume=6 \|pages=2659–2661 \|year=1997 \|doi=10.1109/IEMBS.1997.756879}}</ref> The consortium at that time envisioned a collaborative ELN that "teams of scientists worldwide can use to reliably capture, manage, securely share, and permanently archive and retrieve all common data and records generated by research and development and testing labs."<ref name="ChandlerDocument97>{{cite book \|url=http://escholarship.org/uc/item/1m24k447?query=electronic%20lab%20notebook;hitNum=1#page-40 \|title=Documenting the Biotechnology Industry in the San Francisco Bay Area \|author=Chandler, R.L. \|publisher=University of California - San Diego Libraries \|page=40 \|year=1997 \|accessdate=03 May 2011}}</ref> That same year development of an enterprise-wide ELN at Kodak's research facilities in England was in full swing. The Kodak ELN was "implemented as a collection of Lotus Notes databases and applications," making it arguably one of the first enterprise ELN solutions in use at the time.<ref name="McLaughlinImpact99">{{cite book \|chapter=Chapter 11: The Wired Laboratory \|title=Impact of Advances in Computing and Communications Technologies on Chemical Science and Technology: Report of a Workshop \|author=McLaughlin, D.R. \|publisher=National Academy Press \|year=1999 \|pages=164 \|isbn=0309065771 \|url=http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=9591&page=164}}</ref>

	In 1998 one of the first web-based versions of an ELN was introduced in the form of the University of Oregon's Virtual Notebook Environment (ViNE), "a platform-independent, web-based interface designed to support a range of scientific activities across distributed, heterogeneous computing platforms."<ref>{{cite journal\|journal=Proceedings of the 1998 ACM/IEEE conference on Supercomputing\|year=1998\|pages=22\|title=A Prototype Notebook-Based Environment for Computational Tools Computational Tools \|author=Skidmore, Jenifer L.; Matthew J. Sottile; Janice E. Cuny; Allen D. Malony\|doi:10.1109/SC.1998.10031\|url=http://www.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/doi/10.1109/SC.1998.10031\|format=PDF}}</ref> This innovation would go on to inspire vendors in the 2000s to develop web-based thin-client ELNs for laboratories everywhere. Yet it likely wasn't until the [[Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act]] (ESIGN) in June 2000 that the true legal implications of a fully electronic laboratory notebook would have on the industry. If an ELN were to be responsible for providing validation during the patent processes and be valid for other types of [[audit]]s, a mechanism for authenticating the origin of the ideas would be necessary. The ESIGN act meant that electronic records could be authenticated and digital signatures made legally binding, lending further relevancy to ELNs. Instead of searching through notebooks and piles of documents, printing material, and submitting thousands of pages for an FDA audit, ELN users could suddenly collate and submit electronic records, saving time and headaches.<ref name="~~Zall~~" />		In 1998 one of the first web-based versions of an ELN was introduced in the form of the University of Oregon's Virtual Notebook Environment (ViNE), "a platform-independent, web-based interface designed to support a range of scientific activities across distributed, heterogeneous computing platforms."<ref>{{cite journal\|journal=Proceedings of the 1998 ACM/IEEE conference on Supercomputing\|year=1998\|pages=22\|title=A Prototype Notebook-Based Environment for Computational Tools Computational Tools \|author=Skidmore, Jenifer L.; Matthew J. Sottile; Janice E. Cuny; Allen D. Malony\|doi:10.1109/SC.1998.10031\|url=http://www.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/doi/10.1109/SC.1998.10031\|format=PDF}}</ref> This innovation would go on to inspire vendors in the 2000s to develop web-based thin-client ELNs for laboratories everywhere. Yet it likely wasn't until the [[Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act]] (ESIGN) in June 2000 that the true legal implications of a fully electronic laboratory notebook would have on the industry. If an ELN were to be responsible for providing validation during the patent processes and be valid for other types of [[audit]]s, a mechanism for authenticating the origin of the ideas would be necessary. The ESIGN act meant that electronic records could be authenticated and digital signatures made legally binding, lending further relevancy to ELNs. Instead of searching through notebooks and piles of documents, printing material, and submitting thousands of pages for an FDA audit, ELN users could suddenly collate and submit electronic records, saving time and headaches.<ref name="ZallTheNasc01" />

	Enthusiasm for ELNs began to pick up again in the early 2000s, with a strong case for further data integration into ELNs being made at the CENSA-supported International Quality & Productivity Center (IQPC) conference in London during September 2004. During that conference the push for stronger data integration was made, with the base premise that "ELNs would improve corporate strategy by allowing information to be used more intelligently with the help of decision-support software."<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.scientific-computing.com/features/feature.php?feature_id=63\|author=Rees, Peter\|title=How to capture data to share \|publisher=Scientific Computing World \|date=November 2004 \|accessdate=04 May 2011}}</ref> By early 2007, industry-specific ELNs were pushing growth in the market: Scientific Computing World estimated 83 percent of related organizations declaring interest in ELNs, with 43 percent of those organizations seriously considering an evaluation or purchase.<ref name="SciCompWorld1">{{cite web\|url=http://www.scientific-computing.com/features/feature.php?feature_id=50\|author=Elliot, Michael H.\|title=The state of the ELN Market \|publisher=Scientific Computing World \|date=December 2006–January 2007 \|accessdate=04 May 2011}}</ref>		Enthusiasm for ELNs began to pick up again in the early 2000s, with a strong case for further data integration into ELNs being made at the CENSA-supported International Quality & Productivity Center (IQPC) conference in London during September 2004. During that conference the push for stronger data integration was made, with the base premise that "ELNs would improve corporate strategy by allowing information to be used more intelligently with the help of decision-support software."<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.scientific-computing.com/features/feature.php?feature_id=63\|author=Rees, Peter\|title=How to capture data to share \|publisher=Scientific Computing World \|date=November 2004 \|accessdate=04 May 2011}}</ref> By early 2007, industry-specific ELNs were pushing growth in the market: Scientific Computing World estimated 83 percent of related organizations declaring interest in ELNs, with 43 percent of those organizations seriously considering an evaluation or purchase.<ref name="SciCompWorld1">{{cite web\|url=http://www.scientific-computing.com/features/feature.php?feature_id=50\|author=Elliot, Michael H.\|title=The state of the ELN Market \|publisher=Scientific Computing World \|date=December 2006–January 2007 \|accessdate=04 May 2011}}</ref>

Shawndouglas: /* References */ Added cat

2014-08-06T18:47:36Z

References: Added cat

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	<references />		<references />

	[[Category: Laboratory informatics]]		<!---Place all category tags here-->
			[[Category:Laboratory informatics]]
			[[Category:Software systems]]

Shawndouglas: Updated intro.

2014-05-16T20:40:19Z

Updated intro.

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:40, 16 May 2014
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	{{About\|the general software\|the ~~specific software created by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory~~\|~~Electronic Laboratory Notebook (PNNL software)~~}}<br />		{{About\|the general software replacement for laboratory notebooks\|other uses of the term "electronic laboratory notebook," "electronic lab notebook," or "ELN"\|ELN}}<br />
	[[File:AGBell Notebook.jpg\|right\|thumb\|280px\|Alexander Graham Bell's unpublished lab notebook, well before the invention of the ELN]]An '''electronic laboratory notebook''' (also known as electronic lab notebook or ELN) is a [[software]] program or package designed to replace more traditional paper [[laboratory notebook]]s. Laboratory notebooks in general are used by scientists and technicians to document, store, retrieve, and share fully electronic [[laboratory]] records in ways that meet all legal, regulatory, technical and scientific requirements.<ref name="Zall">{{cite journal\|journal=Chemical Innovation\|year=2001\|pages=14–21\|title=The nascent paperless laboratory \|author=Zall, Milton\|url=http://pubs.acs.org/subscribe/archive/ci/31/i02/html/02zall.html}}</ref> A laboratory notebook is often maintained to be a legal document and may be used in a court of law as evidence. Similar to an inventor's notebook, the lab notebook is also often referred to in patent prosecution and intellectual property litigation. Modern electronic lab notebooks have the advantage of being easier to search upon, support collaboration amongst many users, and can be made more secure than their paper counterparts.		[[File:AGBell Notebook.jpg\|right\|thumb\|280px\|Alexander Graham Bell's unpublished lab notebook, well before the invention of the ELN]]An '''electronic laboratory notebook''' (also known as '''electronic lab notebook''' or '''ELN''') is a [[software]] program or package designed to replace more traditional paper [[laboratory notebook]]s. Laboratory notebooks in general are used by scientists and technicians to document, store, retrieve, and share fully electronic [[laboratory]] records in ways that meet all legal, regulatory, technical and scientific requirements.<ref name="Zall">{{cite journal\|journal=Chemical Innovation\|year=2001\|pages=14–21\|title=The nascent paperless laboratory \|author=Zall, Milton\|url=http://pubs.acs.org/subscribe/archive/ci/31/i02/html/02zall.html}}</ref> A laboratory notebook is often maintained to be a legal document and may be used in a court of law as evidence. Similar to an inventor's notebook, the lab notebook is also often referred to in patent prosecution and intellectual property litigation. Modern electronic lab notebooks have the advantage of being easier to search upon, support collaboration amongst many users, and can be made more secure than their paper counterparts.

	==History of the ELN==		==History of the ELN==

Shawndouglas: /* History of the ELN */ Fixed a few refs.

2013-10-22T01:27:42Z

History of the ELN: Fixed a few refs.

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:27, 22 October 2013
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	==History of the ELN==		==History of the ELN==
	While some credit Dr. Keith Caserta with the concept of an electronic version of the laboratory notebook<ref name="EarlyELN">{{cite journal\|editor=Matthews, Marge\|url=http://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5647/m1/48/ \|title=Meeting Program Division of Chemical Education\|journal=Chemical Information Bulletin, A Publication of the Division of Chemical Information of the ACS\|publisher=University of North Texas Digital Library\|pages=64\|year=1993\|volume=45\|issue=3\|accessdate=03 May 2011}}</ref>, it's likely that others had similar early ideas on how to integrate computing into the process of laboratory note taking.<ref name="ELNLifeArch">{{cite web \|url=http://web.me.com/evildrbob/Site/My_ELN_Life/My_ELN_Life.html \|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20110515133816/http://web.me.com/evildrbob/Site/My_ELN_Life/My_ELN_Life.html \|title=My ELN Life \|author=Rumpf, Wolfgang \|publisher=Wolfgang Rumpf, Ph.D \|archivedate=15 May 2011 \|accessdate=05 March 2013}}</ref> Significant discussion concerning the transition from a pen-and-paper laboratory notebook to an electronic format was already in full swing in the early 1990s. During the 206th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society in August, 1993, an entire day of the conference was dedicated to talking about "electronic notebooks" and ELNs.<ref>{{cite journal~~\|editor=Matthews, Marge~~\|url=http://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5647/m1/48/ \|title=Meeting Program Division of Chemical Education\|journal=Chemical Information Bulletin, A Publication of the Division of Chemical Information of the ACS\|publisher=University of North Texas Digital Library\|pages=46\|year=1993\|volume=45\|issue=3\|accessdate=03 May 2011}}</ref> "A tetherless electronic equivalent of the paper notebook would be welcomed by the working scientist," noted Virginia Polytechnic Institute's Dr. Raymond E. Dessy for the conference.<ref name="EarlyELN" /> Dessy had in the mid-1980s begun postulating on the idea of an electronic notebook, and by 1994 he provided one of the first working examples of an ELN.<ref>{{cite journal\|journal=Chemical Engineering News\|year=1994\|volume=72\|issue=21\|pages=10–20\|title=Electronic Laboratory Notebooks May Revolutionize Research Record Keeping \|author=Borman, Stu\|doi:10.1021/cen-v072n021.p010\|~~url~~=~~http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/cen-v072n021.p010\|format=PDF~~}}</ref>		While some credit Dr. Keith Caserta with the concept of an electronic version of the laboratory notebook<ref name="EarlyELN">{{cite journal \|editor=Matthews, Marge \|url=http://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5647/m1/48/ \|title=Meeting Program Division of Chemical Education \|journal=Chemical Information Bulletin, A Publication of the Division of Chemical Information of the ACS \|publisher=University of North Texas Digital Library \|pages=64 \|year=1993 \|volume=45 \|issue=3 \|accessdate=03 May 2011}}</ref>, it's likely that others had similar early ideas on how to integrate computing into the process of laboratory note taking.<ref name="ELNLifeArch">{{cite web \|url=http://web.me.com/evildrbob/Site/My_ELN_Life/My_ELN_Life.html \|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20110515133816/http://web.me.com/evildrbob/Site/My_ELN_Life/My_ELN_Life.html \|title=My ELN Life \|author=Rumpf, Wolfgang \|publisher=Wolfgang Rumpf, Ph.D \|archivedate=15 May 2011 \|accessdate=05 March 2013}}</ref> Significant discussion concerning the transition from a pen-and-paper laboratory notebook to an electronic format was already in full swing in the early 1990s. During the 206th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society in August, 1993, an entire day of the conference was dedicated to talking about "electronic notebooks" and ELNs.<ref name="MMattChemEd">{{cite journal \|url=http://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5647/m1/48/ \|title=Meeting Program Division of Chemical Education \|journal=Chemical Information Bulletin, A Publication of the Division of Chemical Information of the ACS \|editor=Matthews, Marge \|publisher=University of North Texas Digital Library \|pages=46 \|year=1993 \|volume=45 \|issue=3 \|accessdate=03 May 2011}}</ref> "A tetherless electronic equivalent of the paper notebook would be welcomed by the working scientist," noted Virginia Polytechnic Institute's Dr. Raymond E. Dessy for the conference.<ref name="EarlyELN" /> Dessy had in the mid-1980s begun postulating on the idea of an electronic notebook, and by 1994 he provided one of the first working examples of an ELN.<ref name="BormanELNRev">{{cite journal \|url=http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/cen-v072n021.p010 \|format=PDF \|journal=Chemical Engineering News \|year=1994 \|volume=72 \|issue=21 \|pages=10–20 \|title=Electronic Laboratory Notebooks May Revolutionize Research Record Keeping \|author=Borman, Stu \|doi:10.1021/cen-v072n021.p010 \|accessdate=03 May 2011}}</ref>

	By 1997, a special interest group called the Collaborative Electronic Notebook Systems Association (CENSA) formed. Supported by 11 major pharmaceutical and chemical companies, the consortium worked with scientific software and hardware vendors to facilitate the creation of an ELN that met the technical and regulatory needs of its members.<ref>{{cite journal\|journal=Proceedings of the 19th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society\|year=1997\|volume=6\|pages=2659–2661\|title=The Collaborative Electronic Notebook Systems Consortium \|author=Lysakowski, R.\|doi:10.1109/IEMBS.1997.756879 \|url=http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?arnumber=756879}}</ref> The consortium at that time envisioned a collaborative ELN that "teams of scientists worldwide can use to reliably capture, manage, securely share, and permanently archive and retrieve all common data and records generated by research and development and testing labs."<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://escholarship.org/uc/item/1m24k447?query=electronic%20lab%20notebook;hitNum=1#page-40 \|author=Chandler, Robin L.\|title=Documenting the Biotechnology Industry in the San Francisco Bay Area \|publisher=University of California - San Diego Libraries \|page=40 \|date=1997 \|accessdate=03 May 2011}}</ref> That same year development of an enterprise-wide ELN at Kodak's research facilities in England was in full swing. The Kodak ELN was "implemented as a collection of Lotus Notes databases and applications," making it arguably one of the first enterprise ELN solutions in use at the time.<ref>{{cite book\|title=Impact of Advances in Computing and Communications Technologies on Chemical Science and Technology: Report of a Workshop\|author=McLaughlin, David R.\|chapter=Chapter 11: The Wired Laboratory\|year=1999\|pages=164\|publisher=National Academy Press\|url=http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=9591&page=164\|isbn=0309065771}}</ref>		By 1997, a special interest group called the Collaborative Electronic Notebook Systems Association (CENSA) formed. Supported by 11 major pharmaceutical and chemical companies, the consortium worked with scientific software and hardware vendors to facilitate the creation of an ELN that met the technical and regulatory needs of its members.<ref>{{cite journal\|journal=Proceedings of the 19th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society\|year=1997\|volume=6\|pages=2659–2661\|title=The Collaborative Electronic Notebook Systems Consortium \|author=Lysakowski, R.\|doi:10.1109/IEMBS.1997.756879 \|url=http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?arnumber=756879}}</ref> The consortium at that time envisioned a collaborative ELN that "teams of scientists worldwide can use to reliably capture, manage, securely share, and permanently archive and retrieve all common data and records generated by research and development and testing labs."<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://escholarship.org/uc/item/1m24k447?query=electronic%20lab%20notebook;hitNum=1#page-40 \|author=Chandler, Robin L.\|title=Documenting the Biotechnology Industry in the San Francisco Bay Area \|publisher=University of California - San Diego Libraries \|page=40 \|date=1997 \|accessdate=03 May 2011}}</ref> That same year development of an enterprise-wide ELN at Kodak's research facilities in England was in full swing. The Kodak ELN was "implemented as a collection of Lotus Notes databases and applications," making it arguably one of the first enterprise ELN solutions in use at the time.<ref>{{cite book\|title=Impact of Advances in Computing and Communications Technologies on Chemical Science and Technology: Report of a Workshop\|author=McLaughlin, David R.\|chapter=Chapter 11: The Wired Laboratory\|year=1999\|pages=164\|publisher=National Academy Press\|url=http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=9591&page=164\|isbn=0309065771}}</ref>

Shawndouglas: Moved further reading up.

2013-03-05T18:32:30Z

Moved further reading up.

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:32, 5 March 2013
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	See the [[ELN vendor]] page for a list of ELN vendors past and present.		See the [[ELN vendor]] page for a list of ELN vendors past and present.

	~~== References ==~~
	~~<references />~~

	== Further reading ==		== Further reading ==
	* [http://www.labcompliance.com/ LabCompliance News]		* [http://www.labcompliance.com/ LabCompliance News]
	* {{cite journal\|journal=Current Opinion in Drug Discovery & Development\|year=2006\|volume=9\|issue=3\|pages=348–353\|title=The status of electronic laboratory notebooks for chemistry and biology \|author=Taylor, Keith T.\|\|url=http://www.symyx.com/products/pdfs/Electronic_laboratory_notebooks.pdf\|format=PDF\|accessdate=06 May 2011}}		* {{cite journal\|journal=Current Opinion in Drug Discovery & Development\|year=2006\|volume=9\|issue=3\|pages=348–353\|title=The status of electronic laboratory notebooks for chemistry and biology \|author=Taylor, Keith T.\|\|url=http://www.symyx.com/products/pdfs/Electronic_laboratory_notebooks.pdf\|format=PDF\|accessdate=06 May 2011}}

			== References ==
			<references />

	[[Category: Laboratory informatics]]		[[Category: Laboratory informatics]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:05, 29 September 2017
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	{{About\|the general software replacement for laboratory notebooks\|other uses of the term "electronic laboratory notebook," "electronic lab notebook," or "ELN"\|ELN}}<br />		{{About\|the general software replacement for laboratory notebooks\|other uses of the term "electronic laboratory notebook," "electronic lab notebook," or "ELN"\|ELN}}<br />
	[[File:AGBell Notebook.jpg\|right\|thumb\|280px\|Alexander Graham Bell's unpublished lab notebook, well before the invention of the ELN]]An '''electronic laboratory notebook''' (also known as '''electronic lab notebook''' or '''ELN''') is a [[software]] program or package designed to replace more traditional paper [[laboratory notebook]]s. Laboratory notebooks in general are used by scientists and technicians to document, store, retrieve, and share fully electronic [[laboratory]] records in ways that meet all legal, regulatory, technical and scientific requirements.<ref name="~~Zall~~">{{cite journal\|journal=Chemical Innovation\|~~year~~=~~2001~~\|pages=14–21\|~~title~~=~~The nascent paperless laboratory \|author=Zall, Milton~~\|url=http://pubs.acs.org/subscribe/archive/ci/31/i02/html/02zall.html}}</ref> A laboratory notebook is often maintained to be a legal document and may be used in a court of law as evidence. Similar to an inventor's notebook, the lab notebook is also often referred to in patent prosecution and intellectual property litigation. Modern electronic lab notebooks have the advantage of being easier to search upon, support collaboration ~~amongst~~ many users, and can be made more secure than their paper counterparts.		[[File:AGBell Notebook.jpg\|right\|thumb\|280px\|Alexander Graham Bell's unpublished lab notebook, well before the invention of the ELN]]An '''electronic laboratory notebook''' (also known as '''electronic lab notebook''' or '''ELN''') is a [[software]] program or package designed to replace more traditional paper [[laboratory notebook]]s. Laboratory notebooks in general are used by scientists and technicians to document, store, retrieve, and share fully electronic [[laboratory]] records in ways that meet all legal, regulatory, technical and scientific requirements.<ref name="ZallTheNasc01">{{cite journal \|title=The nascent paperless laboratory \|journal=Chemical Innovation \|author=Zall, M. \|volume=31 \|issue=2 \|pages=14–21 \|year=2001 \|url=http://pubs.acs.org/subscribe/archive/ci/31/i02/html/02zall.html}}</ref> A laboratory notebook is often maintained to be a legal document and may be used in a court of law as evidence. Similar to an inventor's notebook, the lab notebook is also often referred to in patent prosecution and intellectual property litigation. Modern electronic lab notebooks have the advantage of being easier to search upon, support collaboration among many users, and can be made more secure than their paper counterparts.

	==History of the ELN==		==History of the ELN==
	While some credit Dr. Keith Caserta with the concept of an electronic version of the laboratory notebook<ref name="EarlyELN">{{cite journal \|editor=Matthews, ~~Marge~~ \|url=~~http~~://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5647/m1/48/ \|title=Meeting Program Division of Chemical Education \|journal=Chemical Information Bulletin, A Publication of the Division of Chemical Information of the ACS \|publisher=University of North Texas Digital Library \|pages=64 \|year=1993 \|volume=45 \|issue=3 \|accessdate=03 May 2011}}</ref>, it's likely that others had similar early ideas on how to integrate computing into the process of laboratory note taking.<ref name="ELNLifeArch">{{cite web \|url=http://web.me.com/evildrbob/Site/My_ELN_Life/My_ELN_Life.html \|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20110515133816/http://web.me.com/evildrbob/Site/My_ELN_Life/My_ELN_Life.html \|title=My ELN Life \|author=Rumpf, ~~Wolfgang~~ \|publisher=Wolfgang Rumpf, Ph.D \|archivedate=15 May 2011 \|accessdate=05 March 2013}}</ref> Significant discussion concerning the transition from a pen-and-paper laboratory notebook to an electronic format was already in full swing in the early 1990s. During the 206th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society in August, 1993, an entire day of the conference was dedicated to talking about "electronic notebooks" and ELNs.<ref name="MMattChemEd">{{cite journal ~~\|url=http://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5647/m1/48/~~ \|title=Meeting Program Division of Chemical Education \|journal=Chemical Information Bulletin~~, A Publication of the Division of Chemical Information of the ACS~~ \|editor=Matthews, ~~Marge~~ \|~~publisher~~=~~University of North Texas Digital Library~~ \|~~pages~~=46 \|year=1993 \|~~volume~~=~~45 \|issue=3~~ \|accessdate=03 May 2011}}</ref> "A tetherless electronic equivalent of the paper notebook would be welcomed by the working scientist," noted Virginia Polytechnic Institute's Dr. Raymond E. Dessy for the conference.<ref name="EarlyELN" /> Dessy had in the mid-1980s begun postulating on the idea of an electronic notebook, and by 1994 he provided one of the first working examples of an ELN.<ref name="BormanELNRev">{{cite journal \|~~url~~=~~http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/cen-v072n021.p010 \|format=PDF~~ \|journal=Chemical Engineering News \|~~year~~=~~1994~~ \|volume=72 \|issue=21 \|pages=10–20 \|~~title~~=~~Electronic Laboratory Notebooks May Revolutionize Research Record Keeping~~ \|~~author~~=~~Borman, Stu \|doi:~~10.1021/cen-v072n021.p010 ~~\|accessdate=03 May 2011~~}}</ref>		While some credit Dr. Keith Caserta with the concept of an electronic version of the laboratory notebook<ref name="EarlyELN">{{cite journal \|title=Meeting Program Division of Chemical Education \|journal=Chemical Information Bulletin \|editor=Matthews, M. \|volume=45 \|issue=3 \|page=64 \|year=1993 \|url=https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5647/m1/48/ \|accessdate=03 May 2011}}</ref>, it's likely that others had similar early ideas on how to integrate computing into the process of laboratory note taking.<ref name="ELNLifeArch">{{cite web \|url=http://web.me.com/evildrbob/Site/My_ELN_Life/My_ELN_Life.html \|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20110515133816/http://web.me.com/evildrbob/Site/My_ELN_Life/My_ELN_Life.html \|title=My ELN Life \|author=Rumpf, W. \|publisher=Wolfgang Rumpf, Ph.D \|archivedate=15 May 2011 \|accessdate=05 March 2013}}</ref> Significant discussion concerning the transition from a pen-and-paper laboratory notebook to an electronic format was already in full swing in the early 1990s. During the 206th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society in August, 1993, an entire day of the conference was dedicated to talking about "electronic notebooks" and ELNs.<ref name="MMattChemEd">{{cite journal \|title=Meeting Program Division of Chemical Education \|journal=Chemical Information Bulletin \|editor=Matthews, M. \|volume=45 \|issue=3 \|page=46 \|year=1993 \|url=https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5647/m1/48/ \|accessdate=03 May 2011}}</ref> "A tetherless electronic equivalent of the paper notebook would be welcomed by the working scientist," noted Virginia Polytechnic Institute's Dr. Raymond E. Dessy for the conference.<ref name="EarlyELN" /> Dessy had in the mid-1980s begun postulating on the idea of an electronic notebook, and by 1994 he provided one of the first working examples of an ELN.<ref name="BormanELNRev">{{cite journal \|title=Electronic Laboratory Notebooks May Revolutionize Research Record Keeping \|journal=Chemical Engineering News \|author=Borman, S. \|volume=72 \|issue=21 \|pages=10–20 \|year=1994 \|doi=10.1021/cen-v072n021.p010}}</ref>

	By 1997, a special interest group called the Collaborative Electronic Notebook Systems Association (CENSA) formed. Supported by 11 major pharmaceutical and chemical companies, the consortium worked with scientific software and hardware vendors to facilitate the creation of an ELN that met the technical and regulatory needs of its members.<ref>{{cite journal\|journal=Proceedings of the 19th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society\|~~year~~=~~1997~~\|volume=6\|pages=2659–2661\|~~title~~=~~The Collaborative Electronic Notebook Systems Consortium~~ \|~~author~~=~~Lysakowski, R.\|doi:~~10.1109/IEMBS.1997.~~756879 \|url=http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?arnumber=~~756879}}</ref> The consortium at that time envisioned a collaborative ELN that "teams of scientists worldwide can use to reliably capture, manage, securely share, and permanently archive and retrieve all common data and records generated by research and development and testing labs."<ref>{{cite ~~web~~\|url=http://escholarship.org/uc/item/1m24k447?query=electronic%20lab%20notebook;hitNum=1#page-40 ~~\|author=Chandler, Robin L.~~\|title=Documenting the Biotechnology Industry in the San Francisco Bay Area \|publisher=University of California - San Diego Libraries \|page=40 \|~~date~~=1997 \|accessdate=03 May 2011}}</ref> That same year development of an enterprise-wide ELN at Kodak's research facilities in England was in full swing. The Kodak ELN was "implemented as a collection of Lotus Notes databases and applications," making it arguably one of the first enterprise ELN solutions in use at the time.<ref>{{cite book\|title=Impact of Advances in Computing and Communications Technologies on Chemical Science and Technology: Report of a Workshop\|author=McLaughlin, ~~David~~ R.\|~~chapter~~=~~Chapter 11: The Wired Laboratory~~\|year=1999\|pages=164\|~~publisher~~=~~National Academy Press~~\|url=http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=9591&page=164~~\|isbn=0309065771~~}}</ref>		By 1997, a special interest group called the Collaborative Electronic Notebook Systems Association (CENSA) formed. Supported by 11 major pharmaceutical and chemical companies, the consortium worked with scientific software and hardware vendors to facilitate the creation of an ELN that met the technical and regulatory needs of its members.<ref name="LysakowskiTgeCikkav97">{{cite journal \|title=The Collaborative Electronic Notebook Systems Consortium \|journal=Proceedings of the 19th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society \|author=Lysakowski, R. \|volume=6 \|pages=2659–2661 \|year=1997 \|doi=10.1109/IEMBS.1997.756879}}</ref> The consortium at that time envisioned a collaborative ELN that "teams of scientists worldwide can use to reliably capture, manage, securely share, and permanently archive and retrieve all common data and records generated by research and development and testing labs."<ref name="ChandlerDocument97>{{cite book \|url=http://escholarship.org/uc/item/1m24k447?query=electronic%20lab%20notebook;hitNum=1#page-40 \|title=Documenting the Biotechnology Industry in the San Francisco Bay Area \|author=Chandler, R.L. \|publisher=University of California - San Diego Libraries \|page=40 \|year=1997 \|accessdate=03 May 2011}}</ref> That same year development of an enterprise-wide ELN at Kodak's research facilities in England was in full swing. The Kodak ELN was "implemented as a collection of Lotus Notes databases and applications," making it arguably one of the first enterprise ELN solutions in use at the time.<ref name="McLaughlinImpact99">{{cite book \|chapter=Chapter 11: The Wired Laboratory \|title=Impact of Advances in Computing and Communications Technologies on Chemical Science and Technology: Report of a Workshop \|author=McLaughlin, D.R. \|publisher=National Academy Press \|year=1999 \|pages=164 \|isbn=0309065771 \|url=http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=9591&page=164}}</ref>

	In 1998 one of the first web-based versions of an ELN was introduced in the form of the University of Oregon's Virtual Notebook Environment (ViNE), "a platform-independent, web-based interface designed to support a range of scientific activities across distributed, heterogeneous computing platforms."<ref>{{cite journal\|journal=Proceedings of the 1998 ACM/IEEE conference on Supercomputing\|year=1998\|pages=22\|title=A Prototype Notebook-Based Environment for Computational Tools Computational Tools \|author=Skidmore, Jenifer L.; Matthew J. Sottile; Janice E. Cuny; Allen D. Malony\|doi:10.1109/SC.1998.10031\|url=http://www.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/doi/10.1109/SC.1998.10031\|format=PDF}}</ref> This innovation would go on to inspire vendors in the 2000s to develop web-based thin-client ELNs for laboratories everywhere. Yet it likely wasn't until the [[Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act]] (ESIGN) in June 2000 that the true legal implications of a fully electronic laboratory notebook would have on the industry. If an ELN were to be responsible for providing validation during the patent processes and be valid for other types of [[audit]]s, a mechanism for authenticating the origin of the ideas would be necessary. The ESIGN act meant that electronic records could be authenticated and digital signatures made legally binding, lending further relevancy to ELNs. Instead of searching through notebooks and piles of documents, printing material, and submitting thousands of pages for an FDA audit, ELN users could suddenly collate and submit electronic records, saving time and headaches.<ref name="~~Zall~~" />		In 1998 one of the first web-based versions of an ELN was introduced in the form of the University of Oregon's Virtual Notebook Environment (ViNE), "a platform-independent, web-based interface designed to support a range of scientific activities across distributed, heterogeneous computing platforms."<ref>{{cite journal\|journal=Proceedings of the 1998 ACM/IEEE conference on Supercomputing\|year=1998\|pages=22\|title=A Prototype Notebook-Based Environment for Computational Tools Computational Tools \|author=Skidmore, Jenifer L.; Matthew J. Sottile; Janice E. Cuny; Allen D. Malony\|doi:10.1109/SC.1998.10031\|url=http://www.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/doi/10.1109/SC.1998.10031\|format=PDF}}</ref> This innovation would go on to inspire vendors in the 2000s to develop web-based thin-client ELNs for laboratories everywhere. Yet it likely wasn't until the [[Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act]] (ESIGN) in June 2000 that the true legal implications of a fully electronic laboratory notebook would have on the industry. If an ELN were to be responsible for providing validation during the patent processes and be valid for other types of [[audit]]s, a mechanism for authenticating the origin of the ideas would be necessary. The ESIGN act meant that electronic records could be authenticated and digital signatures made legally binding, lending further relevancy to ELNs. Instead of searching through notebooks and piles of documents, printing material, and submitting thousands of pages for an FDA audit, ELN users could suddenly collate and submit electronic records, saving time and headaches.<ref name="ZallTheNasc01" />

	Enthusiasm for ELNs began to pick up again in the early 2000s, with a strong case for further data integration into ELNs being made at the CENSA-supported International Quality & Productivity Center (IQPC) conference in London during September 2004. During that conference the push for stronger data integration was made, with the base premise that "ELNs would improve corporate strategy by allowing information to be used more intelligently with the help of decision-support software."<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.scientific-computing.com/features/feature.php?feature_id=63\|author=Rees, Peter\|title=How to capture data to share \|publisher=Scientific Computing World \|date=November 2004 \|accessdate=04 May 2011}}</ref> By early 2007, industry-specific ELNs were pushing growth in the market: Scientific Computing World estimated 83 percent of related organizations declaring interest in ELNs, with 43 percent of those organizations seriously considering an evaluation or purchase.<ref name="SciCompWorld1">{{cite web\|url=http://www.scientific-computing.com/features/feature.php?feature_id=50\|author=Elliot, Michael H.\|title=The state of the ELN Market \|publisher=Scientific Computing World \|date=December 2006–January 2007 \|accessdate=04 May 2011}}</ref>		Enthusiasm for ELNs began to pick up again in the early 2000s, with a strong case for further data integration into ELNs being made at the CENSA-supported International Quality & Productivity Center (IQPC) conference in London during September 2004. During that conference the push for stronger data integration was made, with the base premise that "ELNs would improve corporate strategy by allowing information to be used more intelligently with the help of decision-support software."<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.scientific-computing.com/features/feature.php?feature_id=63\|author=Rees, Peter\|title=How to capture data to share \|publisher=Scientific Computing World \|date=November 2004 \|accessdate=04 May 2011}}</ref> By early 2007, industry-specific ELNs were pushing growth in the market: Scientific Computing World estimated 83 percent of related organizations declaring interest in ELNs, with 43 percent of those organizations seriously considering an evaluation or purchase.<ref name="SciCompWorld1">{{cite web\|url=http://www.scientific-computing.com/features/feature.php?feature_id=50\|author=Elliot, Michael H.\|title=The state of the ELN Market \|publisher=Scientific Computing World \|date=December 2006–January 2007 \|accessdate=04 May 2011}}</ref>