https://www.limswiki.org/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Book%3ALIMS_Selection_Guide_for_ISO%2FIEC_17025_Laboratories%2FIntroduction 2026-04-05T17:43:42Z Revision history for this page on the wiki MediaWiki 1.36.1 https://www.limswiki.org/index.php?title=Book:LIMS_Selection_Guide_for_ISO/IEC_17025_Laboratories/Introduction&diff=51411&oldid=prev 2023-02-11T23:01:07Z

<p>Fix</p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 23:01, 11 February 2023</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l19">Line 19:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 19:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>:[[Book:LIMS Selection Guide for ISO/IEC 17025 Laboratories/History of ISO/IEC 17025|1. Introduction to ISO/IEC 17025]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>:[[Book:LIMS Selection Guide for ISO/IEC 17025 Laboratories<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">/Introduction to ISO/IEC 17025</ins>/History of ISO/IEC 17025|1. Introduction to ISO/IEC 17025]]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::1.1 History of ISO/IEC 17025</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::1.1 History of ISO/IEC 17025</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::1.2 ISO/IEC 17025 vs. ISO 9001</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::1.2 ISO/IEC 17025 vs. ISO 9001</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::1.3 How we benefit from ISO/IEC 17025 laboratories</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::1.3 How we benefit from ISO/IEC 17025 laboratories</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>:[[Book:LIMS Selection Guide for ISO/IEC 17025 Laboratories/Types of labs affected by ISO/IEC 17025|2. How ISO/IEC 17025 affects and benefits laboratories]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>:[[Book:LIMS Selection Guide for ISO/IEC 17025 Laboratories<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">/How ISO/IEC 17025 affects and benefits laboratories</ins>/Types of labs affected by ISO/IEC 17025|2. How ISO/IEC 17025 affects and benefits laboratories]]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::2.1 Types of labs affected by ISO/IEC 17025</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::2.1 Types of labs affected by ISO/IEC 17025</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>:::2.1.1 Analytical and regulatory testing labs</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>:::2.1.1 Analytical and regulatory testing labs</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l37">Line 37:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 37:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::2.3 How laboratories benefit from ISO/IEC 17025 compliance</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::2.3 How laboratories benefit from ISO/IEC 17025 compliance</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>:[[Book:LIMS Selection Guide for ISO/IEC 17025 Laboratories/Evaluation and selection|3. Choosing laboratory informatics software for better ISO/IEC 17025 compliance]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>:[[Book:LIMS Selection Guide for ISO/IEC 17025 Laboratories<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">/Choosing laboratory informatics software for better ISO/IEC 17025 compliance</ins>/Evaluation and selection|3. Choosing laboratory informatics software for better ISO/IEC 17025 compliance]]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::3.1 Evaluation and selection</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::3.1 Evaluation and selection</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>:::3.1.1 Technology considerations</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>:::3.1.1 Technology considerations</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l52">Line 52:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 52:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::3.4 How a user requirements specification fits into the entire process (LIMSpec)</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::3.4 How a user requirements specification fits into the entire process (LIMSpec)</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>:[[Book:LIMS Selection Guide for ISO/IEC 17025 Laboratories/LIMS vendors|4. Resources for selecting and implementing informatics solutions]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>:[[Book:LIMS Selection Guide for ISO/IEC 17025 Laboratories<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">/Resources for selecting and implementing informatics solutions</ins>/LIMS vendors|4. Resources for selecting and implementing informatics solutions]]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::4.1 LIMS vendors</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::4.1 LIMS vendors</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::4.2 Consultants</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::4.2 Consultants</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l60">Line 60:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 60:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::4.4 LIMSpec</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::4.4 LIMSpec</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>:[[Book:LIMS Selection Guide for ISO/IEC 17025 Laboratories/Conduct initial research into a specification document tailored to your lab's needs|5. Taking the next step]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>:[[Book:LIMS Selection Guide for ISO/IEC 17025 Laboratories<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">/Taking the next step</ins>/Conduct initial research into a specification document tailored to your lab's needs|5. Taking the next step]]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::5.1 Conduct initial research into a specification document tailored to your lab's needs</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::5.1 Conduct initial research into a specification document tailored to your lab's needs</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::5.2 Issue some of the specification as part of a request for information (RFI)</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::5.2 Issue some of the specification as part of a request for information (RFI)</div></td></tr> <!-- diff cache key limswiki:diff::1.12:old-51376:rev-51411 --> </table>

Shawndouglas https://www.limswiki.org/index.php?title=Book:LIMS_Selection_Guide_for_ISO/IEC_17025_Laboratories/Introduction&diff=51376&oldid=prev 2023-02-11T22:08:59Z

<p>Created as needed.</p> <p><b>New page</b></p><div>[[File:Nuclear Forensics (02813660) (14418120899).jpg|right|350px]]<br /> <br /> '''Title''': ''LIMS Selection Guide for ISO/IEC 17025 Laboratories''<br /> <br /> '''Edition''': First Edition<br /> <br /> '''Author for citation''': Shawn E. Douglas<br /> <br /> '''License for content''': [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International]<br /> <br /> '''Publication date''': February 2023<br /> <br /> <br /> When it comes to international standards for laboratories, [[ISO/IEC 17025]] is arguably one the most recognizable. With its focus on helping testing, calibration, and sampling laboratories to demonstrate &quot;the competence, impartiality, and consistent operation&quot; of their business activities, a strong focus on quality becomes apparent. Given the standard's demands, an increasing number of labs have turned to [[laboratory informatics]] solutions like the [[laboratory information management system]] (LIMS) and [[electronic laboratory notebook]] (ELN) to help not only improve laboratory [[workflow]]s but also better comply with ISO/IEC 17025.<br /> <br /> This guide introduces the topic of ISO/IEC 17025 and addresses how the standard impacts laboratories attempting to adopt and comply with it. More importantly, it examines what LIMS features are vital to helping the lab achieve its standard-based goals, with the help of the user requirements specification (URS) [[LII:LIMSpec 2022 R2|LIMSpec]]. It then addresses other important aspects of system acquisition, including tips on how to best put the URS and documents such as the [[request for information]] (RFI) to use. The guide also includes additional resources helpful to the lab seeking to comply to the ISO/IEC 17025 standard.<br /> <br /> The table of contents for ''LIMS Selection Guide for ISO/IEC 17025 Laboratories'' is as follows:<br /> <br /> <br /> :[[Book:LIMS Selection Guide for ISO/IEC 17025 Laboratories/History of ISO/IEC 17025|1. Introduction to ISO/IEC 17025]]<br /> ::1.1 History of ISO/IEC 17025<br /> ::1.2 ISO/IEC 17025 vs. ISO 9001<br /> ::1.3 How we benefit from ISO/IEC 17025 laboratories<br /> <br /> :[[Book:LIMS Selection Guide for ISO/IEC 17025 Laboratories/Types of labs affected by ISO/IEC 17025|2. How ISO/IEC 17025 affects and benefits laboratories]]<br /> ::2.1 Types of labs affected by ISO/IEC 17025<br /> :::2.1.1 Analytical and regulatory testing labs<br /> ::::2.1.1.1 Product development and manufacturing labs<br /> :::2.1.2 Basic and applied research labs<br /> :::2.1.3 Reference measurement and calibration labs<br /> :::2.1.4 A note about clinical laboratories<br /> ::2.2 What ISO/IEC 17025 asks of laboratories<br /> :::2.2.1 Competence, impartiality, and consistent operations<br /> :::2.2.2 Demands on the laboratory<br /> :::2.2.3 Addressing gaps in ISO/IEC 17025<br /> ::2.3 How laboratories benefit from ISO/IEC 17025 compliance<br /> <br /> :[[Book:LIMS Selection Guide for ISO/IEC 17025 Laboratories/Evaluation and selection|3. Choosing laboratory informatics software for better ISO/IEC 17025 compliance]]<br /> ::3.1 Evaluation and selection<br /> :::3.1.1 Technology considerations<br /> ::::3.1.1.1 Laboratory informatics options<br /> ::::3.1.1.2 LIMS, quality management, and the QMS<br /> :::3.1.2 Features and functions for ISO/IEC 17025 compliance<br /> :::3.1.3 Cybersecurity considerations <br /> :::3.1.4 Regulatory compliance considerations<br /> :::3.1.5 System flexibility<br /> :::3.1.6 Cost considerations<br /> ::3.2 Implementation<br /> :::3.2.1 Internal and external integrations<br /> ::3.3 MSW, updates, and other contracted services<br /> ::3.4 How a user requirements specification fits into the entire process (LIMSpec)<br /> <br /> :[[Book:LIMS Selection Guide for ISO/IEC 17025 Laboratories/LIMS vendors|4. Resources for selecting and implementing informatics solutions]]<br /> ::4.1 LIMS vendors<br /> ::4.2 Consultants<br /> ::4.3 Other resources<br /> :::4.3.1 ISO/IEC 17025 accreditation bodies<br /> :::4.3.2 ISO/IEC 17025 reference and resource library<br /> ::4.4 LIMSpec<br /> <br /> :[[Book:LIMS Selection Guide for ISO/IEC 17025 Laboratories/Conduct initial research into a specification document tailored to your lab's needs|5. Taking the next step]]<br /> ::5.1 Conduct initial research into a specification document tailored to your lab's needs<br /> ::5.2 Issue some of the specification as part of a request for information (RFI)<br /> ::5.3 Respond to or open dialogue with vendors<br /> :::5.3.1 The value of demonstrations<br /> ::5.4 Finalize the requirements specification and choose a vendor<br /> ::5.5 LIMSpec in Microsoft Word format<br /> <br /> :[[Book:LIMS Selection Guide for ISO/IEC 17025 Laboratories/Closing remarks|6. Closing remarks]]<br /> <br /> &lt;!---Place all category tags here--&gt;</div>

Shawndouglas