View source for LIMS Q&A:What are the organizational justifications for a laboratory information management system (LIMS)?

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'''Title''': ''What are the organizational justifications for a laboratory information management system (LIMS)?''

'''Author for citation''': Shawn E. Douglas

'''License for content''': [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International]

'''Publication date''': December 2023

==Introduction==
As a lab manager or stakeholder in your organization, you've concluded that a [[laboratory information management system]] (LIMS) makes the most sense for better managing [[workflow]]s and data management practices. However, you may not be the primary decision maker for LIMS acquisition and deployment within your organization, which means you may have to present your case (i.e., provide justification) for the LIMS to those primary decision makers. This justification should first be based on factors that are closest to the lab's essential laboratory functions, and then on more traditional economic and practical considerations, justifications, and benefits to the lab, as well as the overall organization.

This brief topical article will examine organizational, economic, and practical justifications for LIMS acquisition, allowing you to better build a stronger case for LIMS acquisition.

==LIMS justification focused on your organization==
When discussing the justification of LIMS acquisition for an organization, it's easy to broadly speak about the typical challenges, requirements, and considerations for labs of all types. While this basic approach provides important deductions about LIMS for the laboratory industry as a whole, no two laboratories are alike, and the challenges, requirements, and considerations for your laboratory may very well differ from the typical laboratory's. If your organization has already clearly stated its goals and potential risks, then rest assured that it has a head start on any organization-based justification for a LIMS; many of the justifications for a LIMS can be tied to meeting those organizational goals and minimizing those potential risks. 

Four questions can be asked when focusing on the organizational justification of a LIMS<ref name="LiscouskiJustif23">{{cite book |url=https://www.limswiki.org/index.php/LII:Justifying_LIMS_Acquisition_and_Deployment_within_Your_Organization |title=Justifying LIMS Acquisition and Deployment within Your Organization |chapter=2. Organizational, economic, and practical justifications for a LIMS |author=Liscouski, J.; Douglas, S.E |publisher=LIMSwiki.org |date=July 2023 |accessdate=16 December 2023}}</ref>:

* Why is acquiring a LIMS important to meeting the goals of your lab?
* What problems does the LIMS solve that currently affect your lab?
* What operational, financial, and personnel improvements do you expect to see in your lab because of LIMS implementation?
* Why are those answers important to the larger organization, as well as those outside the lab?

Before answering these questions, it may be necessary to familiarize yourself with a LIMS and what it's capable of doing to support laboratory operations. One could, for example, examine a document like [[LII:LIMSpec 2022 R2|LIMSpec]]—a specification document for [[laboratory informatics]] systems—to gain a better understanding of those capabilities. Once more informed, it will be easier to answer the four questions as they relate to your organization. 

Regarding the first question, if your organization has already described its goals, you may start matching those LIMS capabilities to workflow and method improvement, as well as time savings, and then in turn link that to better achieving those goals. This becomes organizational justification for the LIMS. If you can further make that goal-guided justification relevant and current to what's presently happening in the lab, then it’s all the better; "the goals that are timely and pressing are those that earn priority."<ref name="CoteHowToSet20">{{cite web |url=https://online.hbs.edu/blog/post/strategic-planning-goals |title=How to Set Strategic Planning Goals |author=Cote, C. |work=Business Insights Blog |publisher=Harvard Business School Online |date=29 October 2020 |accessdate=16 December 2023}}</ref> Then that goal-driven priority can be emphasized during the formal justification process.

As for the second question on problems the LIMS may solve, those problems may be identified risks to the longevity of the organization, or they may be specific to a particular challenge posed by an existing laboratory process. Ideally, those risks and challenges have already been identified through a strategic planning process that successfully captures currently observed and potential future risks to the business and how it achieves its mission-critical goals and priorities.<ref name="GartnerStrat23">{{cite web |url=https://emtemp.gcom.cloud/ngw/globalassets/en/insights/strategic-planning/2023/documents/strategic-planning-ebook-2023-risk.pdf |format=PDF |title=Strategic Planning Essentials |publisher=Gartner, Inc |date=2023 |accessdate=19 December 2023}}</ref> Drawing upon these real and potential risks and process challenges helps you better justify how a LIMS can mitigate or prevent them.

Finally, addressing questions three and four involves analyzing the economic and practical benefits to the lab (and the overall organization; see the next section) and—along with your answers to questions one and two—laying out the value judgment of the LIMS to not only the organization but also its internal and external stakeholders. That final question in particular recognizes that the same value judgment and "superior worth" of a LIMS applied internally also must be applied to the data and information recipients, i.e., the external stakeholders. It's easy to ask what you, the laboratorian, gain by shifting from paper-based methods to electronic methods, but it's also worth asking how clientele benefits from that transition. Similar to how lab personnel may get surveyed as part of the LIMS acquisition process, one can imagine how conducting interviews with critical external stakeholders should reveal strong evidence that the long-term future of the lab and its customers will surely benefit from a LIMS.<ref name="LiscouskiJustif23" />

==Panning out to broader economic and practical justifications for LIMS adoption==
Lab management often thinks in terms of cost, and the further away management is in the organizational chart from lab operations, the more financial issues become a driving factor in understanding the impact of a LIMS. As such, it's inevitable that when justifying LIMS adoption you'll have to look at it (and address it) in economic terms. In particular, it's easy for primary decision makers to fall into the trap of looking at such an acquisition in purely economic terms (i.e., as return on investment).<ref name="LiscouskiJustifChp3_23">{{cite book |url=https://www.limswiki.org/index.php/LII:Justifying_LIMS_Acquisition_and_Deployment_within_Your_Organization |title=Justifying LIMS Acquisition and Deployment within Your Organization |chapter=3. Gaining buy-in from management and other stakeholders |author=Liscouski, J.; Douglas, S.E |publisher=LIMSwiki.org |date=July 2023 |accessdate=16 December 2023}}</ref> While addressing the costs and cost savings is important, the justification needs to be viewed from more than this singular perspective. One might look at the cost components of LIMS acquisition, implementation, and maintenance (including project management, networking, hardware, training, licensing, configuration, and support<ref name="LiscouskiJustif23" />) and break it down between in-house solutions and cloud-based solutions, coming to the conclusion that a cloud-based solution reduces many of those costs, making LIMS acquisition more economically feasible. Additional offsets like investment tax credits and accelerated depreciation rates may make those costs even more palatable.<ref name="LiscouskiJustif23" /> But this only part of the justification process.

A LIMS can also be argued as a "survival system," without which the lab could not effectively meet its goals. Bringing a LIMS into the mix isn't simply an incremental addition to a lab but rather the basis for better reorganizing and optimizing the lab's workflow to meet its goals, support its clients, and prepare it for its future development. In short, with a LIMS, the lab will be moving from completely or near-manual operations to a system that allows for an improved working environment with reduced administrative overhead.<ref name="LiscouskiJustifChp3_23" />

Then there's the process of looking at cost savings in a practical, quantifiable way. For example, a lab could attempt to quantify the costs of operating paper-based methods, addressing the number of data entry errors and time spent on them, as well as the time spent entering orders, filing paperwork, waiting for resources, and performing quality checks on manually entered results. From there, they could estimate the time savings a LIMS and its automation tools bring in terms of full-time equivalent (FTE) hours. Tangible, relatively quantifiable functional aspects one could examine for LIMS justification include<ref name="LiscouskiJustif23" />:

* Analytical support functions such as data entry through automated instrument interfacing;
* Work and resource management functions such as approving reports and managing reagent inventories;
* Quality assurance functions such as result validation, limit checking, instrument calibration, and maintenance management;
* Management support functions such as turn-around time analysis and equipment utilization analysis; and
* Business support functions such as customer billing and compliance reporting.

Of course, not all justification is tangible and quantifiable; a LIMS also brings intangible, difficult-to-quantify benefits to the laboratory.<ref name="ODriscollSeven23">{{cite web |url=https://clpmag.com/lab-essentials/information-technology/middleware-software/7-best-practices-for-a-successful-lims-lis-implementation/ |title=7 Best Practices for a Successful LIMS/LIS Implementation |work=Clinical Lab Products |author=O'Driscoll, A. |date=16 February 2023 |accessdate=19 December 2023}}</ref><ref name="NovakTheBen20">{{cite web |url=https://www.csolsinc.com/blog/the-benefits-of-implementing-a-lims-beyond-roi/ |title=The Benefits of Implementing a LIMS – Beyond ROI |author=Novak, C. |publisher=CSols, Inc |date=27 February 2020 |accessdate=19 December 2023}}</ref> However, what one lab views as an intangible benefit may be viewed as tangible by another, and vice versa. Regardless, it's important to note that any inability to quantify a benefit does not make it any less important to an organization acquiring and deploying a LIMS. Practical yet intangible benefits that can be used as justification may include<ref name="LiscouskiJustif23" />:

* Improved support for manufacturing industries by providing a more rapid means of identifying production/quality issues;
* Improved perception of lab capabilities due to improved performance through better client relations and improved attitudes about the work environment by personnel;
* Centralized and streamlined lab information, data, and operations by enabling easier evaluation of workloads and smoother regulatory compliance activities; and
* Improved data management/governance through enabling greater data integrity and reducing transcription errors.

==Conclusion==
While a LIMS undoubtedly provides at least some level of benefit to most laboratories, it’s usually not a straightforward process trying to justify the software’s acquisition, implementation, and maintenance. It’s easy for management to be hyper-focused on the related monetary costs (i.e., return on investment), but the justification for a LIMS must go beyond that. The organizational context must be examined, from its short- and long-term goals to its real and potential risks, giving additional context to LIMS justification efforts. Additionally, tangible and intangible benefits that can or can not be quantified should be addressed, painting a much more complete picture of how a LIMS benefits not only the organization and its staff but also its external stakeholders.

==References==
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