LIMSWiki - User contributions [en]

Vendor:LabLynx, Inc.

2012-09-05T13:59:24Z

LIMSinstitute:

{{Infobox company
| name = LabLynx Inc
| logo = [[File:LLX_Current_Logo_277.jpg]]
| caption = LabLynx logo
| type = Private
| foundation = July 24, 2000<ref name="SoS_llx">{{cite web|title=Business Entity – LabLynx, Inc.|url=http://corp.sos.state.ga.us/corp/soskb/Corp.asp?33586|publisher=Georgia Secretary of State|accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref>
| founder = John H. Jones
| location = 2400 Lake Park Drive Smyrna, Georgia, U.S.
| area_served = Worldwide
| industry = [[Laboratory informatics]]
| products = [[LabLynx, Inc.#Products|ELab]], [[LabLynx, Inc.#Products|webLIMS]], and [[LabLynx, Inc.#Products|LiMStudio]]
| num_employees = 15<ref name="Manta" />
| homepage = {{URL|http://www.lablynx.com/|LabLynx.com}}
}}

'''LabLynx, Inc.''' is a privately owned, funded, and managed American corporation that develops, supports, and markets [[laboratory information management system]] (LIMS) solutions. Its most well-known products include ELab, a browser-based LIMS, and webLIMS, which is ELab offered in a scalable, hosted "[[software as a service]]" (SaaS) delivery model. The company’s primary clients include [[Laboratory|laboratories]] in the agriculture, clinical, environmental, [[Forensic science|forensics]], health care, and manufacturing industries, including government agencies.<ref>{{cite web|title=Internet Software and Services – LabLynx, Inc. |url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=40482985|publisher=Bloomberg Businessweek |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref> The company is known for introducing one of the first browser-based LIMS products in 1997<ref name="LS_prod">{{cite web |url=http://www.limsource.com/products/vatlanta.html |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20071012123126/http://www.limsource.com/products/vatlanta.html |archivedate=12 October 2007 |title=LIMSource: LIMS Vendor: LabLynx, Inc. |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref><ref name="LIMSwb" /> and being a long-term player in the [[laboratory informatics]] market. It’s estimated that LabLynx employs fifteen people.<ref name="Manta">{{cite web|title=LabLynx, Inc. - Atlanta, Georgia (GA) |url=http://www.manta.com/c/mmj7tyc/lablynx-inc |publisher=Manta Media, Inc. |accessdate=31 October 2011}}</ref>

==History==

Before LabLynx was a company, it was a LIMS product offered by Atlanta Systems Consultants, Inc. (ASC).<ref name="LLX_archive1">{{cite web |url= http://www.lablynx.com/ |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/19990125100717/http://www.lablynx.com/ |archivedate=25 January 1998 |title=LABLynx On The Web |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref><ref name="doh_fl">{{cite web|title=LABlynx on the Web |url=http://www.doh.state.fl.us/Irm/Apps/ihis/JADS/deh/Market%20Research/Background/asc_website.pdf |publisher=Florida Department of Health |date=8 March 2000 |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref> Formed in 1992,<ref name="SoS_asc">{{cite web|title=Business Entity – Atlanta Systems Consultants, Inc. |url=http://corp.sos.state.ga.us/corp/soskb/Corp.asp?863137|publisher=Georgia Secretary of State|accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref> ASC’s LabLynx division later began work on a laboratory information management system designed specifically for a web browser. ASC demonstrated its new Internet Explorer-based LabLynx LIMS at [[Pittsburgh Conference on Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy|Pittcon]] in 1997, among the first browser-based LIMS to appear at the time.<ref name="LS_prod"/><ref name="LIMSwb">{{cite book|title=LIMS Workbook - A Practical Guide |edition=3rd |author=McGinnis, Mike and Norman Perkins|chapter=I. Wireless LANs |year=2003 |pages=I-16 |publisher=Q2marketsite, Inc. |asin=B00161Y71K}}</ref> The company again showcased LabLynx at Pittcon in 1998<ref name="LS_pitt98">{{cite web |url=http://www.limsource.com/calendar/pitt98.html |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/19980529121944/http://www.limsource.com/calendar/pitt98.html |archivedate=29 May 1998 |title=LIMSource: Calendar: Pittcon ’98 Preview |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref> and soon after picked up a major LIMS-based contract with the U.S. Customs Service.<ref name="FBO">{{cite web|title=70 -- Laboratory Information Management Software (LIMS) (07/30/98) |url=http://www.fbodaily.com/cbd/archive/1998/07(July)/30-Jul-1998/70awd003.htm|publisher=FedBizOpps|accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref>

[[File:2400 Lake Park Drive, Smyrna, Georgia.jpg|thumb|250px|LabLynx home office]]

By July 2000, the LabLynx division of ASC separated to become its own incorporated entity.<ref name="SoS_llx" /> And while ASC eventually ceased to exist in 2005,<ref name="SoS_asc" /> LabLynx, Inc. went on to diversify its offerings. LabLynx’s browser-based LIMS previously demonstrated at Pittcon in 1997 expanded to become ELab, which in 2001 took on an application service provider (ASP) model of distribution.<ref name="LS_prod2">{{cite web |url=http://www.limsource.com/products/vatlanta.html |archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20010409200118/http://www.limsource.com/products/vatlanta.html |archivedate=9 April 2001 |title=LIMSource: LIMS Vendor: Atlanta Systems Consultants, Inc. |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref> In 2004 LabLynx released a browser-based tool called openLIMS, which gave consultants and end-users the ability "to build custom LIMS solutions that are geared to the exact operational needs of many different laboratories."<ref>{{cite web|title=Build your own LIMS: News from LabLynx |url=http://www.laboratorytalk.com/news/lbl/lbl100.html |publisher=LaboratoryTalk.com |date=6 January 2004 |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref>

On June 19, 2006, LabLynx established the Laboratory Informatics Institute, an open membership group with the purpose of advancing the field of laboratory informatics and shaping the standards associated with it.<ref name="LII">{{cite web|title=Laboratory Informatics Institute Established |url=http://www.limsfinder.com/BlogDetail.aspx?id=31049_0_3_0_C |publisher=Laboratory Informatics Institute, Inc. |date=17 July 2006 |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref> LabLynx made further moves to better its LIMS offerings in August 2008, renewing and expanding its contract with Nagarro, Inc., a U.S.-based technology consulting firm. The collaboration allowed LabLynx to upgrade its existing LIMS software to .NET architecture and expand its initiative to create and market a SaaS-based LIMS.<ref name="Nagarro1">{{cite web|title=LABLynx Extends Contract with Nagarro to Include Additional Product Development and SaaS Projects |url=http://www.nagarro.com/NewsEvents/Press%20Releases/LABLynx%20Extends%20Contract%20with.aspx |publisher=Nagarro, Inc. |date=20 August 2008 |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref> Less than a year after the announced renewed partnership, LabLynx revealed its redeveloped webLIMS product to the public, featuring ELab in a SaaS model and additional integration of developer tools to allow users to create and modify modules for the LIMS.<ref name="webLIMS1">{{cite web|title=LabLynx launches the new webLiMS.com, Laboratory SaaS Provider |url=http://scienceandresearch.argylenews.com/press_release.aspx?LabLynx-launches-the-new-webLiMScom-Laboratory-SaaS-Provider-542 |publisher=Argyle News |date=6 March 2009 |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref><ref name="webLIMS2">{{cite web|title=Weblims – LabLynx |url=http://www.scientific-computing.com/products/product_details.php?product_id=544 |publisher=Scientific Computing World |date=6 March 2009 |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref> This move to a cloud-based SaaS model brought renewed interest in the company’s LIMS, with clients like the Georgia Department of Agriculture<ref name="ChemEng1">{{cite web|url=http://pubs.acs.org/cen/coverstory/88/8821cover.html |title=LIMS In The Cloud |author=Mullin, Rick |publisher=Chemical & Engineering News |date=24 May 2010 |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref> and Cypress Bioscience<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lifescienceleader.com/index.php?option=com_jambozine&layout=article&view=page&aid=4056 |title=SaaS Model Turns LIMS Paradigm On Its Head |author=Dubin, Cindy |publisher=Life Science Leader |date=June 2010 |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=SaaS - Is a web hosted LIMS right for your laboratory? |url=http://www.lablynx.com/ArticlesBlogs/tabid/326/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/13/SaaS--Is-a-web-hosted-LIMS-right-for-your-laboratory.aspx |publisher=LabLynx, Inc. |date=15 August 2009 |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref> taking on the new LIMS.

LabLynx is currently involved in an initiative to standardize and structure the transmission of laboratory data that first originates in a LIMS or LIS and then moves to a person's or population of people's electronic health records.<ref>{{cite book|title=Laboratory Results Interface (LRI) Pilots Guide |edition= v0.9.4.093011 |author=Clarke, Ann | year=2011 |pages=1–2 |publisher=LabLynx/mdDigest |url= http://wiki.siframework.org/file/view/LRI_Pilots_Guide_Draft_v0_9_4_093011.docx}}</ref> This laboratory results interface (LRI) pilot began in August 2011 and includes collaboration with the supported open source project mdDigest and the U.S. Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC).<ref>{{cite web|title=PROJECT BRIEF: LabLynx/mdDigest Pilot |url=http://wiki.siframework.org/LabLynx+Pilot+Brief |publisher= LabLynx/mdDigest |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref>

===Community history===

Since transitioning from Atlanta Systems Consultants, Inc. to LabLynx, Inc. in 2000, LabLynx has become increasingly active in the laboratory informatics community. Projects that LabLynx has started or been involved in within the community include:

* the Laboratory Informatics Institute, an open trade association with the mission of educating, standardizing, and promoting the laboratory informatics industry<ref name="LII" />
* LIMSfinder, an online interactive magazine released by the Laboratory Informatics Institute that aims to be "the best resource for information technology in the laboratory"<ref>{{cite web|title=LIMSfinder Home |url=http://www.limsfinder.com/Home.aspx |publisher=Laboratory Informatics Institute, Inc.|accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref>
* LIMSbook, a LIMS buyer’s guide released by the Laboratory Informatics Institute<ref>{{cite web|title=The LIMS Book |url=http://limsbook.com/ |publisher=Laboratory Informatics Institute, Inc.|accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref>
* LIMSforum, a LinkedIn discussion group created to facilitate the exchange of ideas and technical information across the fields of laboratory, science, and [[health informatics]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Lablynx - latest company news |url=http://www.laboratorytalk.com/news/lbl/lbl103.html |publisher=LaboratoryTalk.com |date=25 August 2009 |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=LiMS forum - Laboratory Informatics Institute user's group for LIMS, Scientific & Health Informatics |url=http://www.linkedin.com/groups?about=&gid=2069898 |publisher=LinkedIn.com |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref>
* LIMSuniversity, an open-access learning resource released by the Laboratory Informatics Institute, targeted towards laboratories and the LIMS community<ref>{{cite web|title=LiMSuniversity.com, the on-line, Open Access, Virtual Learning Center for Laboratory Informatics users and professionals |url=http://www.limsfinder.com/BlogDetail.aspx?id=35134_0_25_0_C |publisher=Laboratory Informatics Institute, Inc. |date=4 April 2011 |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref>
* LIMSwiki, a Creative Commons-licensed wiki with the goal of bringing related informatics communities together to maintain a repository of information about the industry<ref>{{cite web|title=LIMSwiki mission |url=http://limswiki.org/index.php/LIMSwiki_mission |date=2 June 2011 |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref>

==Technology and products==

LabLynx develops, supports, and markets several products for the laboratory, science, and health industries:

===ELab===

ELab is a laboratory information management system (LIMS) and collection of associated modules developed to help professionals in the scientific community manage data coming into and leaving the laboratory.<ref name="ELab1">{{cite web|title=ELab LIMS |url=http://lablynx.com/Products/ELabLIMS/tabid/240/Default.aspx |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref> The original LabLynx LIMS became known as ELab shortly before LabLynx fully separated from Atlanta Systems Consultants, Inc. in 2001.<ref name="LS_prod2" />

Over 30 different modules and functions are included with ELab, and licenses for the software are available with both onsite of offsite hosting services. LabLynx also states that ELab currently serves in many validated environments, including [[21 CFR Part 11]], College of American Pathologists (CAP), and [[ISO/IEC 17025]], in compliance with such standards as [[Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act|HIPAA]], [[Health Level 7|HL7]], STORENET, [[Food and Drug Administration|FDA]]- and [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]]-regulated [[good laboratory practice]] (GLP), and more.<ref name="ELab1" />

===webLIMS===

webLIMS is a hosted [[software as a service]] (SaaS) version of the ELab LIMS.<ref name=webAbout>{{cite web_short|url=http://www.lablynx.com/Products/webLiMScom/tabid/237/Default.aspx |title=webLIMS |publisher=LabLynx, Inc. |accessdate=03 February 2012}}</ref> LabLynx introduced the offering in March 2009, touting 35 different laboratory informatics and business applications in the hosted package.<ref name="webLIMS1" /> As with most SaaS software, LabLynx intends to reduce cost to laboratories, decrease the amount of downtime, and provide a more scalable LIMS solution with its webLIMS service.<ref name="ChemEng1" /><ref name="webAbout" />

LabLynx claims the facility it uses for hosting the webLIMS application is an "SAS70 Type II audited, ultra-safe and fully redundant data center."<ref name="webLIMS1" /> To prevent downtime due to power outages, LabLynx states that its data center has:

* parallel independent supply lines and facility circuits
* instant battery backup and transition to multiple parallel diesel turbine generators
* hardware powered by two separate feeds and a Tripp Lite instant power distribution switch to the alternative feed<ref>{{cite web|title=The webLiMS.com Data Center Facilities |url=http://lablynx.com/AboutUs/DataCenter/Facilities/tabid/248/Default.aspx |publisher=LabLynx, Inc. |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref>

===LiMStudio===

LiMStudio is a virtual desktop add-on to LabLynx’s webLIMS hosted application. It consists of a collection of 10 development tools that allow webLIMS users to modify the applications in their account to their own needs. It also allows users the ability to create their own applications to connect to the LIMS, providing a more scalable and customizable LIMS option to clients.<ref>{{cite web|title=LiMStudio.net - Hosted Developer Tools |url=http://lablynx.com/Products/DeveloperTools/tabid/242/Default.aspx |publisher=LabLynx, Inc. |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref>

====Product Features====

{{Ombox productfeature}}

{|
| STYLE="vertical-align:top;"|
{| class="wikitable collapsible" style="border-style:none;" background="#ffffff" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"
|-
! colspan="2"| Product: [http://www.lablynx.com/Products/ELabLIMS/tabid/240/Default.aspx ELab/webLIMS]
|-
| style="background-color:white; border-style:none;"| {{Databox LIMSfeature
| sample_login_man = Y<ref name="ELabAbout">{{cite web_short|url=http://www.lablynx.com/Products/ELabLIMS/tabid/240/Default.aspx |title=ELab/webLIMS |publisher=LabLynx, Inc. |accessdate=03 February 2012}}</ref>
| sample_track = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| sample_batch = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| task_event_sched = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| manual_entry = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| multiple_view = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| data_analysis = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| data_sharing = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| custom_fields = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| query = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| import_data = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| data_linking_int = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| data_linking_ext = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| eln_support = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| export_msexcel = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| export_raw = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| data_warehouse = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| deadline_control = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| production_control = N<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| project_task_man = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| inventory_man = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| document_man = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| case_man = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| workflow_man = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| spec_man = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| customer_man = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| billing_man = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />

| reg_compliance = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| qa_qc = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| performance_eval = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| audit_trail = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| chain_custody = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| roles_security = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| data_norm = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| data_val = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| data_encrypt = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| version_control = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| data_backup = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| enviro_monitoring = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />

| custom_reporting = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| report_printing = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| label_support = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| barcode_support = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| export_pdf = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| export_msword = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| export_htmlxml = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| fax_integration = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| email_integration = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />

| admin_manage = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| modular = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| instrument_inter = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| mobile_device = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| alarms_alerts = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| work_timetrack = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| voice_rec = N<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| external_monitor = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| messaging = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| multilingual = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| network = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| web_client = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| online_help = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| saas_model = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| usage_cost = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| industries = agriculture, clinical research, environmental, food and beverage, general, law enforcement and forensic, manufacturing and R&D, pharmaceutical, public health and service
}}
|-
|}
|}

====Pricing====

Source for pricing information is the 2012 LIMS Buyer's Guide.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.limsbook.com/ |title=LIMS Buyer's Guide |author=Jones, John; Alan Vaughan |publisher=Laboratory Informatics Institute, Inc. |year=2012}}</ref> As prices may change at any time, always contact the vendor directly to obtain a price list or quote.

{|
| STYLE="vertical-align:top;"|
{| class="wikitable collapsible" border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
|-
! colspan="5"| LIMS Product Price List
|-
! style="color:brown; background-color:#ffffee;"| Part number
! style="color:brown; background-color:#ffffee;"| Description
! style="color:brown; background-color:#ffffee;"| Number of concurrent users
! style="color:brown; background-color:#ffffee;"| Price
! style="color:brown; background-color:#ffffee;"| Unit Price
|-
| '''LLX-ELBS-01'''
| style="background-color:white;" |ELab SQL Edition for 1 Concurrent User
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|1
| style="background-color:white;" |$5,000
| style="background-color:white;" |$5,000
|-
| '''LLX-ELBS-02'''
| style="background-color:white;" |ELab SQL Edition for 2 Concurrent Users
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|2
| style="background-color:white;" |$9,500
| style="background-color:white;" |$4,750
|-
| '''LLX-ELBS-05'''
| style="background-color:white;" |ELab SQL Edition for 5 Concurrent Users
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|5
| style="background-color:white;" |$21,500
| style="background-color:white;" |$4,300
|-
| '''LLX-ELBS-10'''
| style="background-color:white;" |ELab SQL Edition for 10 Concurrent Users
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|10
| style="background-color:white;" |$32,000
| style="background-color:white;" |$3,200
|-
| '''LLX-ELBS-25'''
| style="background-color:white;" |ELab SQL Edition for 25 Concurrent Users
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|25
| style="background-color:white;" |$75,000
| style="background-color:white;" |$3,000
|-
| '''LLX-ELBS-50'''
| style="background-color:white;" |ELab SQL Edition for 50 Concurrent Users
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|50
| style="background-color:white;" |$140,000
| style="background-color:white;" |$2,800
|-
| '''LLX-ELBS-UL'''
| style="background-color:white;" |ELab SQL Edition for Unlimited Concurrent Users
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|Unlimited
| style="background-color:white;" |$275,000
| style="background-color:white;" |
|-
| '''LLX-ELBO-10'''
| style="background-color:white;" |ELab Oracle Edition for 10 Concurrent Users
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|10
| style="background-color:white;" |$65,000
| style="background-color:white;" |$6,500
|-
| '''LLX-ELBO-25'''
| style="background-color:white;" |ELab Oracle Edition for 25 Concurrent Users
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|25
| style="background-color:white;" |$150,000
| style="background-color:white;" |$6,000
|-
| '''LLX-ELBO-50'''
| style="background-color:white;" |ELab Oracle Edition for 50 Concurrent Users
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|50
| style="background-color:white;" |$250,000
| style="background-color:white;" |$5,000
|-
| '''LLX-ELBO-UL'''
| style="background-color:white;" |ELab Oracle Edition for Unlimited Concurrent Users
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|Unlimited
| style="background-color:white;" |$475,000
| style="background-color:white;" |
|-
| '''LLX-WLM-01'''
| style="background-color:white;" |webLIMS.com (SaaS) Edition for 1 Concurrent User (Prices quoted are per month.)
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|1
| style="background-color:white;" |$300
| style="background-color:white;" |$300
|-
| '''LLX-WLM-02'''
| style="background-color:white;" |webLIMS.com (SaaS) Edition for 2 Concurrent Users (Prices quoted are per month.)
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|2
| style="background-color:white;" |$500
| style="background-color:white;" |$250
|-
| '''LLX-WLM-05'''
| style="background-color:white;" |webLIMS.com (SaaS) Edition for 5 Concurrent Users (Prices quoted are per month.)
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|5
| style="background-color:white;" |$800
| style="background-color:white;" |$160
|-
| '''LLX-WLM-10'''
| style="background-color:white;" |webLIMS.com (SaaS) Edition for 10 Concurrent Users (Prices quoted are per month.)
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|10
| style="background-color:white;" |$1,250
| style="background-color:white;" |$125
|-
| '''LLX-WLM-25'''
| style="background-color:white;" |webLIMS.com (SaaS) Edition for 25 Concurrent Users (Prices quoted are per month.)
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|25
| style="background-color:white;" |$2,500
| style="background-color:white;" |$100
|-
| '''LLX-WLM-50'''
| style="background-color:white;" |webLIMS.com (SaaS) Edition for 50 Concurrent Users (Prices quoted are per month.)
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|50
| style="background-color:white;" |$4,000
| style="background-color:white;" |$80
|-
| '''LLX-WLM-UL'''
| style="background-color:white;" |webLIMS.com (SaaS) Edition for Unlimited Concurrent Users (Prices quoted are per month.)
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|Unlimited
| style="background-color:white;" |$7,500
| style="background-color:white;" |
|-
|}
|}

{|
| STYLE="vertical-align:top;"|
{| class="wikitable collapsible" border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" width="900"
|-
! colspan="6"| LIMS Maintenance, Warranty, Support, and Service Plans
|-
! style="color:brown; background-color:#ffffee;"| Maintenance and support plans
! style="color:brown; background-color:#ffffee;"| Maintenance
! style="color:brown; background-color:#ffffee;"| Annual service and support hours incl.
! style="color:brown; background-color:#ffffee;"| Support hours
! style="color:brown; background-color:#ffffee;"| Maintenance, support, and service costs
! style="color:brown; background-color:#ffffee;"| Special notes
|-
| '''Bronze'''
| style="background-color:white;" | One year of unlimited updates and upgrades plus warranty
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"| 4
| style="background-color:white;" | 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. EST, excluding holidays
| style="background-color:white;" | 15% of total license fee; minimum $3,500 per year; hourly services and support at $185/hour
| style="background-color:white;" | This plan is included at no charge to all webLIMS accounts with 1–9 concurrent users.
|-
| '''Silver'''
| style="background-color:white;" | One year of unlimited updates and upgrades plus warranty
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"| 16
| style="background-color:white;" | 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. EST, excluding holidays
| style="background-color:white;" | 15% of total license fee; minimum $4,500 per year; hourly services and support at $175/hour
| style="background-color:white;" | This plan is included at no charge to all webLIMS accounts with 10–24 concurrent users.
|-
| '''Gold'''
| style="background-color:white;" | One year of unlimited updates and upgrades plus warranty
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"| 24
| style="background-color:white;" | 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. EST, excluding holidays
| style="background-color:white;" | 15% of total license fee; minimum $7,500 per year; hourly services and support at $150/hour
| style="background-color:white;" | This plan is included at no charge to all webLIMS accounts with 25–74 concurrent users.
|-
| '''Platinum'''
| style="background-color:white;" | One year of unlimited updates and upgrades plus warranty
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"| 40
| style="background-color:white;" | 24 hours per day, 7 days per week
| style="background-color:white;" | 15% of total license fee; minimum $20,000 per year; hourly services and support at $125/hour
| style="background-color:white;" | This plan is included at no charge to all webLIMS accounts with 75+ concurrent users.
|-
|}
|}

====Demonstration videos and other media====

The following demonstration videos are available for ELab and webLIMS:

* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/p3/Presentation_Files/index.html LabLynx: A Guide to the Company]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/eBooks/Movies/p4/Presentation_Files/index.html LIMS: The Laboratory ERP]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/Movies/d100/d100.html LIMS and ISO 17025]
* [http://www.lablynx.com/webcasts/cda/Presentation_Files/index.html The LabLynx ELab LIMS for Agriculture Labs]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d7/d7.html The LabLynx ELab LIMS for Water/Wastewater and Environmental Labs]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/p13/Presentation_Files/index.html The LabLynx ELab LIMS for Medical Examiners]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/eBooks/Movies/p2/Presentation_Files/index.html The LabLynx ELab LIMS for Pharmaceutical Labs]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/Movies/t4/t4.html ELab - Key Functions and Topics]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/Movies/d108/d108.html ELab: FOG Functionality]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d11/d11.html ELab: Sample Login and Receiving in ELab]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d140/d140.html ELab: Sample Receiving – In Depth]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/Movies/d102/d102.html ELab: Local and Remote Accessioning]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/Movies/d104/d104.html ELab: Data Entry - Manual, Bulk, Importing, and Instrument Interfaces]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/Movies/d105/d105.html ELab: External Interfaces, Queries, and Exporting Data]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/Movies/d106/d106.html ELab: Case Coordination]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d139/d139.html ELab: Project Receiving]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/eBooks/Movies/d14/d14.html ELab: Benchsheets]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d163/d163.html ELab: Analysis Price Quoting and Invoicing]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/Movies/d103/d103.html ELab: Invoicing - Special Pricing, Editing and Tracking Invoices]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d161/d161.html ELab: e-Signatures]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d162/d162.html ELab: Password Management and Session Timeout]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d166/d166.html ELab: Work Assignment and Tracking]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d23/d23.html ELab: Inventory of Stocks, Standards, and Reagents]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d172/d172.html ELab: Creating Storage Locations]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d188/d188.html ELab: Changing Field Captions and Labels]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/eBooks/Movies/d24/d24.html ELab: Instrument Calibration and Maintenance Management]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d26/d26.html ELab: Creating and Editing Custom Reports]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/eBooks/Movies/d31/d31.html ELab: Tracking and Versioning Reports]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d34/d34.html ELab: Security Access Control]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d35/d35.html ELab: Audit Trail]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/eBooks/Movies/d37/d37.html ELab: Results Trending, QC Charting, and Limits Update]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d40/d40.html ELab: Analyte and Test Group Management]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d75/d75.html ELab: Creating and Managing Picklists]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d93/d93.html ELab: System Setup]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d98/d98.html ELab: Training Management and Certification Tracking]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/Movies/f1/f1.html ELab: Forensic Case Management]

====Additional information====

==External links==
* [http://www.lablynx.com/ Official website]
* [http://www.limsuniversity.com/ LIMSuniversity site]
* [http://www.limsfinder.com/ LIMSfinder site]
* [http://www.limswiki.org/ LIMSwiki site]

==References==
<references/>


[[Category:Agriculture LIMS]]
[[Category:Clinical research LIMS]]
[[Category:Environmental LIMS]]
[[Category:Food and beverage LIMS]]
[[Category:General LIMS]]
[[Category:LabLynx, Inc]]
[[Category:Law enforcement and forensic LIMS]]
[[Category:LIMS vendor]]
[[Category:Manufacturing and R&D LIMS]]
[[Category:Pharmaceutical LIMS]]
[[Category:Public health and service LIMS]]

Vendor:LabLynx, Inc.

2012-09-05T13:55:11Z

LIMSinstitute:

{{Infobox company
| name = LabLynx Inc
| logo = [[File:LLX_Current_Logo_277.jpg]]
| caption = LabLynx logo
| type = Private
| foundation = July 24, 2000<ref name="SoS_llx">{{cite web|title=Business Entity – LabLynx, Inc.|url=http://corp.sos.state.ga.us/corp/soskb/Corp.asp?33586|publisher=Georgia Secretary of State|accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref>
| founder = John H. Jones
| location = 2400 Lake Park Drive Smyrna, Georgia, U.S.
| area_served = Worldwide
| industry = [[Laboratory informatics]]
| products = [[LabLynx, Inc.#Products|ELab]], [[LabLynx, Inc.#Products|webLIMS]], and [[LabLynx, Inc.#Products|LiMStudio]]
| num_employees = 15<ref name="Manta" />
| homepage = {{URL|http://www.lablynx.com/|LabLynx.com}}
}}

'''LabLynx, Inc.''' is a privately owned, funded, and managed American corporation that develops, supports, and markets [[laboratory information management system]] (LIMS) solutions. Its most well-known products include ELab, a browser-based LIMS, and webLIMS, which is ELab offered in a scalable, hosted "[[software as a service]]" (SaaS) delivery model. The company’s primary clients include [[Laboratory|laboratories]] in the agriculture, clinical, environmental, [[Forensic science|forensics]], health care, and manufacturing industries, including government agencies.<ref>{{cite web|title=Internet Software and Services – LabLynx, Inc. |url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=40482985|publisher=Bloomberg Businessweek |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref> The company is known for introducing one of the first browser-based LIMS products in 1997<ref name="LS_prod">{{cite web |url=http://www.limsource.com/products/vatlanta.html |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20071012123126/http://www.limsource.com/products/vatlanta.html |archivedate=12 October 2007 |title=LIMSource: LIMS Vendor: LabLynx, Inc. |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref><ref name="LIMSwb" /> and being a long-term player in the [[laboratory informatics]] market. It’s estimated that LabLynx employs fifteen people.<ref name="Manta">{{cite web|title=LabLynx, Inc. - Atlanta, Georgia (GA) |url=http://www.manta.com/c/mmj7tyc/lablynx-inc |publisher=Manta Media, Inc. |accessdate=31 October 2011}}</ref>

==History==

Before LabLynx was a company, it was a LIMS product offered by Atlanta Systems Consultants, Inc. (ASC).<ref name="LLX_archive1">{{cite web |url= http://www.lablynx.com/ |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/19990125100717/http://www.lablynx.com/ |archivedate=25 January 1998 |title=LABLynx On The Web |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref><ref name="doh_fl">{{cite web|title=LABlynx on the Web |url=http://www.doh.state.fl.us/Irm/Apps/ihis/JADS/deh/Market%20Research/Background/asc_website.pdf |publisher=Florida Department of Health |date=8 March 2000 |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref> Formed in 1992,<ref name="SoS_asc">{{cite web|title=Business Entity – Atlanta Systems Consultants, Inc. |url=http://corp.sos.state.ga.us/corp/soskb/Corp.asp?863137|publisher=Georgia Secretary of State|accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref> ASC’s LabLynx division later began work on a laboratory information management system designed specifically for a web browser. ASC demonstrated its new Internet Explorer-based LabLynx LIMS at [[Pittsburgh Conference on Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy|Pittcon]] in 1997, among the first browser-based LIMS to appear at the time.<ref name="LS_prod"/><ref name="LIMSwb">{{cite book|title=LIMS Workbook - A Practical Guide |edition=3rd |author=McGinnis, Mike and Norman Perkins|chapter=I. Wireless LANs |year=2003 |pages=I-16 |publisher=Q2marketsite, Inc. |asin=B00161Y71K}}</ref> The company again showcased LabLynx at Pittcon in 1998<ref name="LS_pitt98">{{cite web |url=http://www.limsource.com/calendar/pitt98.html |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/19980529121944/http://www.limsource.com/calendar/pitt98.html |archivedate=29 May 1998 |title=LIMSource: Calendar: Pittcon ’98 Preview |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref> and soon after picked up a major LIMS-based contract with the U.S. Customs Service.<ref name="FBO">{{cite web|title=70 -- Laboratory Information Management Software (LIMS) (07/30/98) |url=http://www.fbodaily.com/cbd/archive/1998/07(July)/30-Jul-1998/70awd003.htm|publisher=FedBizOpps|accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref>

[[File:2400 Lake Park Drive, Smyrna, Georgia.jpg|thumb|250px|LabLynx home office]]

By July 2000, the LabLynx division of ASC separated to become its own incorporated entity.<ref name="SoS_llx" /> And while ASC eventually ceased to exist in 2005,<ref name="SoS_asc" /> LabLynx, Inc. went on to diversify its offerings. LabLynx’s browser-based LIMS previously demonstrated at Pittcon in 1997 expanded to become ELab, which in 2001 took on an application service provider (ASP) model of distribution.<ref name="LS_prod2">{{cite web |url=http://www.limsource.com/products/vatlanta.html |archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20010409200118/http://www.limsource.com/products/vatlanta.html |archivedate=9 April 2001 |title=LIMSource: LIMS Vendor: Atlanta Systems Consultants, Inc. |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref> In 2004 LabLynx released a browser-based tool called openLIMS, which gave consultants and end-users the ability "to build custom LIMS solutions that are geared to the exact operational needs of many different laboratories."<ref>{{cite web|title=Build your own LIMS: News from LabLynx |url=http://www.laboratorytalk.com/news/lbl/lbl100.html |publisher=LaboratoryTalk.com |date=6 January 2004 |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref>

On June 19, 2006, LabLynx established the Laboratory Informatics Institute, an open membership group with the purpose of advancing the field of laboratory informatics and shaping the standards associated with it.<ref name="LII">{{cite web|title=Laboratory Informatics Institute Established |url=http://www.limsfinder.com/BlogDetail.aspx?id=31049_0_3_0_C |publisher=Laboratory Informatics Institute, Inc. |date=17 July 2006 |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref> LabLynx made further moves to better its LIMS offerings in August 2008, renewing and expanding its contract with Nagarro, Inc., a U.S.-based technology consulting firm. The collaboration allowed LabLynx to upgrade its existing LIMS software to .NET architecture and expand its initiative to create and market a SaaS-based LIMS.<ref name="Nagarro1">{{cite web|title=LABLynx Extends Contract with Nagarro to Include Additional Product Development and SaaS Projects |url=http://www.nagarro.com/NewsEvents/Press%20Releases/LABLynx%20Extends%20Contract%20with.aspx |publisher=Nagarro, Inc. |date=20 August 2008 |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref> Less than a year after the announced renewed partnership, LabLynx revealed its redeveloped webLIMS product to the public, featuring ELab in a SaaS model and additional integration of developer tools to allow users to create and modify modules for the LIMS.<ref name="webLIMS1">{{cite web|title=LabLynx launches the new webLiMS.com, Laboratory SaaS Provider |url=http://scienceandresearch.argylenews.com/press_release.aspx?LabLynx-launches-the-new-webLiMScom-Laboratory-SaaS-Provider-542 |publisher=Argyle News |date=6 March 2009 |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref><ref name="webLIMS2">{{cite web|title=Weblims – LabLynx |url=http://www.scientific-computing.com/products/product_details.php?product_id=544 |publisher=Scientific Computing World |date=6 March 2009 |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref> This move to a cloud-based SaaS model brought renewed interest in the company’s LIMS, with clients like the Georgia Department of Agriculture<ref name="ChemEng1">{{cite web|url=http://pubs.acs.org/cen/coverstory/88/8821cover.html |title=LIMS In The Cloud |author=Mullin, Rick |publisher=Chemical & Engineering News |date=24 May 2010 |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref> and Cypress Bioscience<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lifescienceleader.com/index.php?option=com_jambozine&layout=article&view=page&aid=4056 |title=SaaS Model Turns LIMS Paradigm On Its Head |author=Dubin, Cindy |publisher=Life Science Leader |date=June 2010 |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=SaaS - Is a web hosted LIMS right for your laboratory? |url=http://www.lablynx.com/ArticlesBlogs/tabid/326/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/13/SaaS--Is-a-web-hosted-LIMS-right-for-your-laboratory.aspx |publisher=LabLynx, Inc. |date=15 August 2009 |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref> taking on the new LIMS.

LabLynx is currently involved in an initiative to standardize and structure the transmission of laboratory data that first originates in a LIMS or LIS and then moves to a person's or population of people's electronic health records.<ref>{{cite book|title=Laboratory Results Interface (LRI) Pilots Guide |edition= v0.9.4.093011 |author=Clarke, Ann | year=2011 |pages=1–2 |publisher=LabLynx/mdDigest |url= http://wiki.siframework.org/file/view/LRI_Pilots_Guide_Draft_v0_9_4_093011.docx}}</ref> This laboratory results interface (LRI) pilot began in August 2011 and includes collaboration with the supported open source project mdDigest and the U.S. Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC).<ref>{{cite web|title=PROJECT BRIEF: LabLynx/mdDigest Pilot |url=http://wiki.siframework.org/LabLynx+Pilot+Brief |publisher= LabLynx/mdDigest |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref>

===Community history===

Since transitioning from Atlanta Systems Consultants, Inc. to LabLynx, Inc. in 2000, LabLynx has become increasingly active in the laboratory informatics community. Projects that LabLynx has started or been involved in within the community include:

* the Laboratory Informatics Institute, an open trade association with the mission of educating, standardizing, and promoting the laboratory informatics industry<ref name="LII" />
* LIMSfinder, an online interactive magazine released by the Laboratory Informatics Institute that aims to be "the best resource for information technology in the laboratory"<ref>{{cite web|title=LIMSfinder Home |url=http://www.limsfinder.com/Home.aspx |publisher=Laboratory Informatics Institute, Inc.|accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref>
* LIMSbook, a LIMS buyer’s guide released by the Laboratory Informatics Institute<ref>{{cite web|title=The LIMS Book |url=http://limsbook.com/ |publisher=Laboratory Informatics Institute, Inc.|accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref>
* LIMSforum, a LinkedIn discussion group created to facilitate the exchange of ideas and technical information across the fields of laboratory, science, and [[health informatics]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Lablynx - latest company news |url=http://www.laboratorytalk.com/news/lbl/lbl103.html |publisher=LaboratoryTalk.com |date=25 August 2009 |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=LiMS forum - Laboratory Informatics Institute user's group for LIMS, Scientific & Health Informatics |url=http://www.linkedin.com/groups?about=&gid=2069898 |publisher=LinkedIn.com |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref>
* LIMSuniversity, an open-access learning resource released by the Laboratory Informatics Institute, targeted towards laboratories and the LIMS community<ref>{{cite web|title=LiMSuniversity.com, the on-line, Open Access, Virtual Learning Center for Laboratory Informatics users and professionals |url=http://www.limsfinder.com/BlogDetail.aspx?id=35134_0_25_0_C |publisher=Laboratory Informatics Institute, Inc. |date=4 April 2011 |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref>
* LIMSwiki, a Creative Commons-licensed wiki with the goal of bringing related informatics communities together to maintain a repository of information about the industry<ref>{{cite web|title=LIMSwiki mission |url=http://limswiki.org/index.php/LIMSwiki_mission |date=2 June 2011 |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref>

==Technology and products==

LabLynx develops, supports, and markets several products for the laboratory, science, and health industries:

===ELab===

ELab is a laboratory information management system (LIMS) and collection of associated modules developed to help professionals in the scientific community manage data coming into and leaving the laboratory.<ref name="ELab1">{{cite web|title=ELab LIMS |url=http://lablynx.com/Products/ELabLIMS/tabid/240/Default.aspx |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref> The original LabLynx LIMS became known as ELab shortly before LabLynx fully separated from Atlanta Systems Consultants, Inc. in 2001.<ref name="LS_prod2" />

Over 30 different modules and functions are included with ELab, and licenses for the software are available with both onsite of offsite hosting services. LabLynx also states that ELab currently serves in many validated environments, including [[21 CFR Part 11]], College of American Pathologists (CAP), and [[ISO/IEC 17025]], in compliance with such standards as [[Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act|HIPAA]], [[Health Level 7|HL7]], STORENET, [[Food and Drug Administration|FDA]]- and [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]]-regulated [[good laboratory practice]] (GLP), and more.<ref name="ELab1" />

===webLIMS===

webLIMS is a hosted [[software as a service]] (SaaS) version of the ELab LIMS.<ref name=webAbout>{{cite web_short|url=http://www.lablynx.com/Products/webLiMScom/tabid/237/Default.aspx |title=webLIMS |publisher=LabLynx, Inc. |accessdate=03 February 2012}}</ref> LabLynx introduced the offering in March 2009, touting 35 different laboratory informatics and business applications in the hosted package.<ref name="webLIMS1" /> As with most SaaS software, LabLynx intends to reduce cost to laboratories, decrease the amount of downtime, and provide a more scalable LIMS solution with its webLIMS service.<ref name="ChemEng1" /><ref name="webAbout" />

LabLynx claims the facility it uses for hosting the webLIMS application is an "SAS70 Type II audited, ultra-safe and fully redundant data center."<ref name="webLIMS1" /> To prevent downtime due to power outages, LabLynx states that its data center has:

* parallel independent supply lines and facility circuits
* instant battery backup and transition to multiple parallel diesel turbine generators
* hardware powered by two separate feeds and a Tripp Lite instant power distribution switch to the alternative feed<ref>{{cite web|title=The webLiMS.com Data Center Facilities |url=http://lablynx.com/AboutUs/DataCenter/Facilities/tabid/248/Default.aspx |publisher=LabLynx, Inc. |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref>

===LiMStudio===

LiMStudio is a virtual desktop add-on to LabLynx’s webLIMS hosted application. It consists of a collection of 10 development tools that allow webLIMS users to modify the applications in their account to their own needs. It also allows users the ability to create their own applications to connect to the LIMS, providing a more scalable and customizable LIMS option to clients.<ref>{{cite web|title=LiMStudio.net - Hosted Developer Tools |url=http://lablynx.com/Products/DeveloperTools/tabid/242/Default.aspx |publisher=LabLynx, Inc. |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref>

====Product Features====

{{Ombox productfeature}}

{|
| STYLE="vertical-align:top;"|
{| class="wikitable collapsible" style="border-style:none;" background="#ffffff" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"
|-
! colspan="2"| Product: [http://www.lablynx.com/Products/ELabLIMS/tabid/240/Default.aspx ELab/webLIMS]
|-
| style="background-color:white; border-style:none;"| {{Databox LIMSfeature
| sample_login_man = Y<ref name="ELabAbout">{{cite web_short|url=http://www.lablynx.com/Products/ELabLIMS/tabid/240/Default.aspx |title=ELab/webLIMS |publisher=LabLynx, Inc. |accessdate=03 February 2012}}</ref>
| sample_track = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| sample_batch = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| task_event_sched = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| manual_entry = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| multiple_view = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| data_analysis = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| data_sharing = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| custom_fields = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| query = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| import_data = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| data_linking_int = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| data_linking_ext = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| eln_support = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| export_msexcel = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| export_raw = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| data_warehouse = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| deadline_control = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| production_control =
| project_task_man = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| inventory_man = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| document_man = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| case_man = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| workflow_man = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| spec_man = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| customer_man = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| billing_man = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />

| reg_compliance = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| qa_qc = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| performance_eval = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| audit_trail = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| chain_custody = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| roles_security = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| data_norm =
| data_val =
| data_encrypt = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| version_control = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| data_backup = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| enviro_monitoring = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />

| custom_reporting = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| report_printing = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| label_support = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| barcode_support = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| export_pdf = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| export_msword = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| export_htmlxml = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| fax_integration = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| email_integration = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />

| admin_manage = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| modular = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| instrument_inter = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| mobile_device = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| alarms_alerts = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| work_timetrack = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| voice_rec =
| external_monitor = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| messaging = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| multilingual = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| network = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| web_client = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| online_help = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| saas_model = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| usage_cost =
| industries = agriculture, clinical research, environmental, food and beverage, general, law enforcement and forensic, manufacturing and R&D, pharmaceutical, public health and service
}}
|-
|}
|}

====Pricing====

Source for pricing information is the 2012 LIMS Buyer's Guide.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.limsbook.com/ |title=LIMS Buyer's Guide |author=Jones, John; Alan Vaughan |publisher=Laboratory Informatics Institute, Inc. |year=2012}}</ref> As prices may change at any time, always contact the vendor directly to obtain a price list or quote.

{|
| STYLE="vertical-align:top;"|
{| class="wikitable collapsible" border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
|-
! colspan="5"| LIMS Product Price List
|-
! style="color:brown; background-color:#ffffee;"| Part number
! style="color:brown; background-color:#ffffee;"| Description
! style="color:brown; background-color:#ffffee;"| Number of concurrent users
! style="color:brown; background-color:#ffffee;"| Price
! style="color:brown; background-color:#ffffee;"| Unit Price
|-
| '''LLX-ELBS-01'''
| style="background-color:white;" |ELab SQL Edition for 1 Concurrent User
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|1
| style="background-color:white;" |$5,000
| style="background-color:white;" |$5,000
|-
| '''LLX-ELBS-02'''
| style="background-color:white;" |ELab SQL Edition for 2 Concurrent Users
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|2
| style="background-color:white;" |$9,500
| style="background-color:white;" |$4,750
|-
| '''LLX-ELBS-05'''
| style="background-color:white;" |ELab SQL Edition for 5 Concurrent Users
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|5
| style="background-color:white;" |$21,500
| style="background-color:white;" |$4,300
|-
| '''LLX-ELBS-10'''
| style="background-color:white;" |ELab SQL Edition for 10 Concurrent Users
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|10
| style="background-color:white;" |$32,000
| style="background-color:white;" |$3,200
|-
| '''LLX-ELBS-25'''
| style="background-color:white;" |ELab SQL Edition for 25 Concurrent Users
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|25
| style="background-color:white;" |$75,000
| style="background-color:white;" |$3,000
|-
| '''LLX-ELBS-50'''
| style="background-color:white;" |ELab SQL Edition for 50 Concurrent Users
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|50
| style="background-color:white;" |$140,000
| style="background-color:white;" |$2,800
|-
| '''LLX-ELBS-UL'''
| style="background-color:white;" |ELab SQL Edition for Unlimited Concurrent Users
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|Unlimited
| style="background-color:white;" |$275,000
| style="background-color:white;" |
|-
| '''LLX-ELBO-10'''
| style="background-color:white;" |ELab Oracle Edition for 10 Concurrent Users
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|10
| style="background-color:white;" |$65,000
| style="background-color:white;" |$6,500
|-
| '''LLX-ELBO-25'''
| style="background-color:white;" |ELab Oracle Edition for 25 Concurrent Users
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|25
| style="background-color:white;" |$150,000
| style="background-color:white;" |$6,000
|-
| '''LLX-ELBO-50'''
| style="background-color:white;" |ELab Oracle Edition for 50 Concurrent Users
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|50
| style="background-color:white;" |$250,000
| style="background-color:white;" |$5,000
|-
| '''LLX-ELBO-UL'''
| style="background-color:white;" |ELab Oracle Edition for Unlimited Concurrent Users
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|Unlimited
| style="background-color:white;" |$475,000
| style="background-color:white;" |
|-
| '''LLX-WLM-01'''
| style="background-color:white;" |webLIMS.com (SaaS) Edition for 1 Concurrent User (Prices quoted are per month.)
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|1
| style="background-color:white;" |$300
| style="background-color:white;" |$300
|-
| '''LLX-WLM-02'''
| style="background-color:white;" |webLIMS.com (SaaS) Edition for 2 Concurrent Users (Prices quoted are per month.)
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|2
| style="background-color:white;" |$500
| style="background-color:white;" |$250
|-
| '''LLX-WLM-05'''
| style="background-color:white;" |webLIMS.com (SaaS) Edition for 5 Concurrent Users (Prices quoted are per month.)
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|5
| style="background-color:white;" |$800
| style="background-color:white;" |$160
|-
| '''LLX-WLM-10'''
| style="background-color:white;" |webLIMS.com (SaaS) Edition for 10 Concurrent Users (Prices quoted are per month.)
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|10
| style="background-color:white;" |$1,250
| style="background-color:white;" |$125
|-
| '''LLX-WLM-25'''
| style="background-color:white;" |webLIMS.com (SaaS) Edition for 25 Concurrent Users (Prices quoted are per month.)
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|25
| style="background-color:white;" |$2,500
| style="background-color:white;" |$100
|-
| '''LLX-WLM-50'''
| style="background-color:white;" |webLIMS.com (SaaS) Edition for 50 Concurrent Users (Prices quoted are per month.)
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|50
| style="background-color:white;" |$4,000
| style="background-color:white;" |$80
|-
| '''LLX-WLM-UL'''
| style="background-color:white;" |webLIMS.com (SaaS) Edition for Unlimited Concurrent Users (Prices quoted are per month.)
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|Unlimited
| style="background-color:white;" |$7,500
| style="background-color:white;" |
|-
|}
|}

{|
| STYLE="vertical-align:top;"|
{| class="wikitable collapsible" border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" width="900"
|-
! colspan="6"| LIMS Maintenance, Warranty, Support, and Service Plans
|-
! style="color:brown; background-color:#ffffee;"| Maintenance and support plans
! style="color:brown; background-color:#ffffee;"| Maintenance
! style="color:brown; background-color:#ffffee;"| Annual service and support hours incl.
! style="color:brown; background-color:#ffffee;"| Support hours
! style="color:brown; background-color:#ffffee;"| Maintenance, support, and service costs
! style="color:brown; background-color:#ffffee;"| Special notes
|-
| '''Bronze'''
| style="background-color:white;" | One year of unlimited updates and upgrades plus warranty
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"| 4
| style="background-color:white;" | 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. EST, excluding holidays
| style="background-color:white;" | 15% of total license fee; minimum $3,500 per year; hourly services and support at $185/hour
| style="background-color:white;" | This plan is included at no charge to all webLIMS accounts with 1–9 concurrent users.
|-
| '''Silver'''
| style="background-color:white;" | One year of unlimited updates and upgrades plus warranty
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"| 16
| style="background-color:white;" | 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. EST, excluding holidays
| style="background-color:white;" | 15% of total license fee; minimum $4,500 per year; hourly services and support at $175/hour
| style="background-color:white;" | This plan is included at no charge to all webLIMS accounts with 10–24 concurrent users.
|-
| '''Gold'''
| style="background-color:white;" | One year of unlimited updates and upgrades plus warranty
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"| 24
| style="background-color:white;" | 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. EST, excluding holidays
| style="background-color:white;" | 15% of total license fee; minimum $7,500 per year; hourly services and support at $150/hour
| style="background-color:white;" | This plan is included at no charge to all webLIMS accounts with 25–74 concurrent users.
|-
| '''Platinum'''
| style="background-color:white;" | One year of unlimited updates and upgrades plus warranty
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"| 40
| style="background-color:white;" | 24 hours per day, 7 days per week
| style="background-color:white;" | 15% of total license fee; minimum $20,000 per year; hourly services and support at $125/hour
| style="background-color:white;" | This plan is included at no charge to all webLIMS accounts with 75+ concurrent users.
|-
|}
|}

====Demonstration videos and other media====

The following demonstration videos are available for ELab and webLIMS:

* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/p3/Presentation_Files/index.html LabLynx: A Guide to the Company]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/eBooks/Movies/p4/Presentation_Files/index.html LIMS: The Laboratory ERP]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/Movies/d100/d100.html LIMS and ISO 17025]
* [http://www.lablynx.com/webcasts/cda/Presentation_Files/index.html The LabLynx ELab LIMS for Agriculture Labs]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d7/d7.html The LabLynx ELab LIMS for Water/Wastewater and Environmental Labs]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/p13/Presentation_Files/index.html The LabLynx ELab LIMS for Medical Examiners]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/eBooks/Movies/p2/Presentation_Files/index.html The LabLynx ELab LIMS for Pharmaceutical Labs]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/Movies/t4/t4.html ELab - Key Functions and Topics]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/Movies/d108/d108.html ELab: FOG Functionality]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d11/d11.html ELab: Sample Login and Receiving in ELab]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d140/d140.html ELab: Sample Receiving – In Depth]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/Movies/d102/d102.html ELab: Local and Remote Accessioning]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/Movies/d104/d104.html ELab: Data Entry - Manual, Bulk, Importing, and Instrument Interfaces]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/Movies/d105/d105.html ELab: External Interfaces, Queries, and Exporting Data]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/Movies/d106/d106.html ELab: Case Coordination]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d139/d139.html ELab: Project Receiving]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/eBooks/Movies/d14/d14.html ELab: Benchsheets]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d163/d163.html ELab: Analysis Price Quoting and Invoicing]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/Movies/d103/d103.html ELab: Invoicing - Special Pricing, Editing and Tracking Invoices]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d161/d161.html ELab: e-Signatures]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d162/d162.html ELab: Password Management and Session Timeout]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d166/d166.html ELab: Work Assignment and Tracking]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d23/d23.html ELab: Inventory of Stocks, Standards, and Reagents]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d172/d172.html ELab: Creating Storage Locations]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d188/d188.html ELab: Changing Field Captions and Labels]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/eBooks/Movies/d24/d24.html ELab: Instrument Calibration and Maintenance Management]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d26/d26.html ELab: Creating and Editing Custom Reports]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/eBooks/Movies/d31/d31.html ELab: Tracking and Versioning Reports]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d34/d34.html ELab: Security Access Control]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d35/d35.html ELab: Audit Trail]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/eBooks/Movies/d37/d37.html ELab: Results Trending, QC Charting, and Limits Update]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d40/d40.html ELab: Analyte and Test Group Management]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d75/d75.html ELab: Creating and Managing Picklists]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d93/d93.html ELab: System Setup]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d98/d98.html ELab: Training Management and Certification Tracking]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/Movies/f1/f1.html ELab: Forensic Case Management]

====Additional information====

==External links==
* [http://www.lablynx.com/ Official website]
* [http://www.limsuniversity.com/ LIMSuniversity site]
* [http://www.limsfinder.com/ LIMSfinder site]
* [http://www.limswiki.org/ LIMSwiki site]

==References==
<references/>


[[Category:Agriculture LIMS]]
[[Category:Clinical research LIMS]]
[[Category:Environmental LIMS]]
[[Category:Food and beverage LIMS]]
[[Category:General LIMS]]
[[Category:LabLynx, Inc]]
[[Category:Law enforcement and forensic LIMS]]
[[Category:LIMS vendor]]
[[Category:Manufacturing and R&D LIMS]]
[[Category:Pharmaceutical LIMS]]
[[Category:Public health and service LIMS]]

Vendor:LabLynx, Inc.

2012-09-05T13:52:36Z

LIMSinstitute: Correct table showing differences between ELab and webLIMS (there are none)

{{Infobox company
| name = LabLynx Inc
| logo = [[File:LLX_Current_Logo_277.jpg]]
| caption = LabLynx logo
| type = Private
| foundation = July 24, 2000<ref name="SoS_llx">{{cite web|title=Business Entity – LabLynx, Inc.|url=http://corp.sos.state.ga.us/corp/soskb/Corp.asp?33586|publisher=Georgia Secretary of State|accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref>
| founder = John H. Jones
| location = 2400 Lake Park Drive Smyrna, Georgia, U.S.
| area_served = Worldwide
| industry = [[Laboratory informatics]]
| products = [[LabLynx, Inc.#Products|ELab]], [[LabLynx, Inc.#Products|webLIMS]], and [[LabLynx, Inc.#Products|LiMStudio]]
| num_employees = 15<ref name="Manta" />
| homepage = {{URL|http://www.lablynx.com/|LabLynx.com}}
}}

'''LabLynx, Inc.''' is a privately owned, funded, and managed American corporation that develops, supports, and markets [[laboratory information management system]] (LIMS) solutions. Its most well-known products include ELab, a browser-based LIMS, and webLIMS, which is ELab offered in a scalable, hosted "[[software as a service]]" (SaaS) delivery model. The company’s primary clients include [[Laboratory|laboratories]] in the agriculture, clinical, environmental, [[Forensic science|forensics]], health care, and manufacturing industries, including government agencies.<ref>{{cite web|title=Internet Software and Services – LabLynx, Inc. |url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=40482985|publisher=Bloomberg Businessweek |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref> The company is known for introducing one of the first browser-based LIMS products in 1997<ref name="LS_prod">{{cite web |url=http://www.limsource.com/products/vatlanta.html |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20071012123126/http://www.limsource.com/products/vatlanta.html |archivedate=12 October 2007 |title=LIMSource: LIMS Vendor: LabLynx, Inc. |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref><ref name="LIMSwb" /> and being a long-term player in the [[laboratory informatics]] market. It’s estimated that LabLynx employs fifteen people.<ref name="Manta">{{cite web|title=LabLynx, Inc. - Atlanta, Georgia (GA) |url=http://www.manta.com/c/mmj7tyc/lablynx-inc |publisher=Manta Media, Inc. |accessdate=31 October 2011}}</ref>

==History==

Before LabLynx was a company, it was a LIMS product offered by Atlanta Systems Consultants, Inc. (ASC).<ref name="LLX_archive1">{{cite web |url= http://www.lablynx.com/ |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/19990125100717/http://www.lablynx.com/ |archivedate=25 January 1998 |title=LABLynx On The Web |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref><ref name="doh_fl">{{cite web|title=LABlynx on the Web |url=http://www.doh.state.fl.us/Irm/Apps/ihis/JADS/deh/Market%20Research/Background/asc_website.pdf |publisher=Florida Department of Health |date=8 March 2000 |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref> Formed in 1992,<ref name="SoS_asc">{{cite web|title=Business Entity – Atlanta Systems Consultants, Inc. |url=http://corp.sos.state.ga.us/corp/soskb/Corp.asp?863137|publisher=Georgia Secretary of State|accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref> ASC’s LabLynx division later began work on a laboratory information management system designed specifically for a web browser. ASC demonstrated its new Internet Explorer-based LabLynx LIMS at [[Pittsburgh Conference on Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy|Pittcon]] in 1997, among the first browser-based LIMS to appear at the time.<ref name="LS_prod"/><ref name="LIMSwb">{{cite book|title=LIMS Workbook - A Practical Guide |edition=3rd |author=McGinnis, Mike and Norman Perkins|chapter=I. Wireless LANs |year=2003 |pages=I-16 |publisher=Q2marketsite, Inc. |asin=B00161Y71K}}</ref> The company again showcased LabLynx at Pittcon in 1998<ref name="LS_pitt98">{{cite web |url=http://www.limsource.com/calendar/pitt98.html |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/19980529121944/http://www.limsource.com/calendar/pitt98.html |archivedate=29 May 1998 |title=LIMSource: Calendar: Pittcon ’98 Preview |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref> and soon after picked up a major LIMS-based contract with the U.S. Customs Service.<ref name="FBO">{{cite web|title=70 -- Laboratory Information Management Software (LIMS) (07/30/98) |url=http://www.fbodaily.com/cbd/archive/1998/07(July)/30-Jul-1998/70awd003.htm|publisher=FedBizOpps|accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref>

[[File:2400 Lake Park Drive, Smyrna, Georgia.jpg|thumb|250px|LabLynx home office]]

By July 2000, the LabLynx division of ASC separated to become its own incorporated entity.<ref name="SoS_llx" /> And while ASC eventually ceased to exist in 2005,<ref name="SoS_asc" /> LabLynx, Inc. went on to diversify its offerings. LabLynx’s browser-based LIMS previously demonstrated at Pittcon in 1997 expanded to become ELab, which in 2001 took on an application service provider (ASP) model of distribution.<ref name="LS_prod2">{{cite web |url=http://www.limsource.com/products/vatlanta.html |archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20010409200118/http://www.limsource.com/products/vatlanta.html |archivedate=9 April 2001 |title=LIMSource: LIMS Vendor: Atlanta Systems Consultants, Inc. |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref> In 2004 LabLynx released a browser-based tool called openLIMS, which gave consultants and end-users the ability "to build custom LIMS solutions that are geared to the exact operational needs of many different laboratories."<ref>{{cite web|title=Build your own LIMS: News from LabLynx |url=http://www.laboratorytalk.com/news/lbl/lbl100.html |publisher=LaboratoryTalk.com |date=6 January 2004 |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref>

On June 19, 2006, LabLynx established the Laboratory Informatics Institute, an open membership group with the purpose of advancing the field of laboratory informatics and shaping the standards associated with it.<ref name="LII">{{cite web|title=Laboratory Informatics Institute Established |url=http://www.limsfinder.com/BlogDetail.aspx?id=31049_0_3_0_C |publisher=Laboratory Informatics Institute, Inc. |date=17 July 2006 |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref> LabLynx made further moves to better its LIMS offerings in August 2008, renewing and expanding its contract with Nagarro, Inc., a U.S.-based technology consulting firm. The collaboration allowed LabLynx to upgrade its existing LIMS software to .NET architecture and expand its initiative to create and market a SaaS-based LIMS.<ref name="Nagarro1">{{cite web|title=LABLynx Extends Contract with Nagarro to Include Additional Product Development and SaaS Projects |url=http://www.nagarro.com/NewsEvents/Press%20Releases/LABLynx%20Extends%20Contract%20with.aspx |publisher=Nagarro, Inc. |date=20 August 2008 |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref> Less than a year after the announced renewed partnership, LabLynx revealed its redeveloped webLIMS product to the public, featuring ELab in a SaaS model and additional integration of developer tools to allow users to create and modify modules for the LIMS.<ref name="webLIMS1">{{cite web|title=LabLynx launches the new webLiMS.com, Laboratory SaaS Provider |url=http://scienceandresearch.argylenews.com/press_release.aspx?LabLynx-launches-the-new-webLiMScom-Laboratory-SaaS-Provider-542 |publisher=Argyle News |date=6 March 2009 |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref><ref name="webLIMS2">{{cite web|title=Weblims – LabLynx |url=http://www.scientific-computing.com/products/product_details.php?product_id=544 |publisher=Scientific Computing World |date=6 March 2009 |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref> This move to a cloud-based SaaS model brought renewed interest in the company’s LIMS, with clients like the Georgia Department of Agriculture<ref name="ChemEng1">{{cite web|url=http://pubs.acs.org/cen/coverstory/88/8821cover.html |title=LIMS In The Cloud |author=Mullin, Rick |publisher=Chemical & Engineering News |date=24 May 2010 |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref> and Cypress Bioscience<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lifescienceleader.com/index.php?option=com_jambozine&layout=article&view=page&aid=4056 |title=SaaS Model Turns LIMS Paradigm On Its Head |author=Dubin, Cindy |publisher=Life Science Leader |date=June 2010 |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=SaaS - Is a web hosted LIMS right for your laboratory? |url=http://www.lablynx.com/ArticlesBlogs/tabid/326/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/13/SaaS--Is-a-web-hosted-LIMS-right-for-your-laboratory.aspx |publisher=LabLynx, Inc. |date=15 August 2009 |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref> taking on the new LIMS.

LabLynx is currently involved in an initiative to standardize and structure the transmission of laboratory data that first originates in a LIMS or LIS and then moves to a person's or population of people's electronic health records.<ref>{{cite book|title=Laboratory Results Interface (LRI) Pilots Guide |edition= v0.9.4.093011 |author=Clarke, Ann | year=2011 |pages=1–2 |publisher=LabLynx/mdDigest |url= http://wiki.siframework.org/file/view/LRI_Pilots_Guide_Draft_v0_9_4_093011.docx}}</ref> This laboratory results interface (LRI) pilot began in August 2011 and includes collaboration with the supported open source project mdDigest and the U.S. Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC).<ref>{{cite web|title=PROJECT BRIEF: LabLynx/mdDigest Pilot |url=http://wiki.siframework.org/LabLynx+Pilot+Brief |publisher= LabLynx/mdDigest |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref>

===Community history===

Since transitioning from Atlanta Systems Consultants, Inc. to LabLynx, Inc. in 2000, LabLynx has become increasingly active in the laboratory informatics community. Projects that LabLynx has started or been involved in within the community include:

* the Laboratory Informatics Institute, an open trade association with the mission of educating, standardizing, and promoting the laboratory informatics industry<ref name="LII" />
* LIMSfinder, an online interactive magazine released by the Laboratory Informatics Institute that aims to be "the best resource for information technology in the laboratory"<ref>{{cite web|title=LIMSfinder Home |url=http://www.limsfinder.com/Home.aspx |publisher=Laboratory Informatics Institute, Inc.|accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref>
* LIMSbook, a LIMS buyer’s guide released by the Laboratory Informatics Institute<ref>{{cite web|title=The LIMS Book |url=http://limsbook.com/ |publisher=Laboratory Informatics Institute, Inc.|accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref>
* LIMSforum, a LinkedIn discussion group created to facilitate the exchange of ideas and technical information across the fields of laboratory, science, and [[health informatics]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Lablynx - latest company news |url=http://www.laboratorytalk.com/news/lbl/lbl103.html |publisher=LaboratoryTalk.com |date=25 August 2009 |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=LiMS forum - Laboratory Informatics Institute user's group for LIMS, Scientific & Health Informatics |url=http://www.linkedin.com/groups?about=&gid=2069898 |publisher=LinkedIn.com |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref>
* LIMSuniversity, an open-access learning resource released by the Laboratory Informatics Institute, targeted towards laboratories and the LIMS community<ref>{{cite web|title=LiMSuniversity.com, the on-line, Open Access, Virtual Learning Center for Laboratory Informatics users and professionals |url=http://www.limsfinder.com/BlogDetail.aspx?id=35134_0_25_0_C |publisher=Laboratory Informatics Institute, Inc. |date=4 April 2011 |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref>
* LIMSwiki, a Creative Commons-licensed wiki with the goal of bringing related informatics communities together to maintain a repository of information about the industry<ref>{{cite web|title=LIMSwiki mission |url=http://limswiki.org/index.php/LIMSwiki_mission |date=2 June 2011 |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref>

==Technology and products==

LabLynx develops, supports, and markets several products for the laboratory, science, and health industries:

===ELab===

ELab is a laboratory information management system (LIMS) and collection of associated modules developed to help professionals in the scientific community manage data coming into and leaving the laboratory.<ref name="ELab1">{{cite web|title=ELab LIMS |url=http://lablynx.com/Products/ELabLIMS/tabid/240/Default.aspx |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref> The original LabLynx LIMS became known as ELab shortly before LabLynx fully separated from Atlanta Systems Consultants, Inc. in 2001.<ref name="LS_prod2" />

Over 30 different modules and functions are included with ELab, and licenses for the software are available with both onsite of offsite hosting services. LabLynx also states that ELab currently serves in many validated environments, including [[21 CFR Part 11]], College of American Pathologists (CAP), and [[ISO/IEC 17025]], in compliance with such standards as [[Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act|HIPAA]], [[Health Level 7|HL7]], STORENET, [[Food and Drug Administration|FDA]]- and [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]]-regulated [[good laboratory practice]] (GLP), and more.<ref name="ELab1" />

===webLIMS===

webLIMS is a hosted [[software as a service]] (SaaS) version of the ELab LIMS.<ref name=webAbout>{{cite web_short|url=http://www.lablynx.com/Products/webLiMScom/tabid/237/Default.aspx |title=webLIMS |publisher=LabLynx, Inc. |accessdate=03 February 2012}}</ref> LabLynx introduced the offering in March 2009, touting 35 different laboratory informatics and business applications in the hosted package.<ref name="webLIMS1" /> As with most SaaS software, LabLynx intends to reduce cost to laboratories, decrease the amount of downtime, and provide a more scalable LIMS solution with its webLIMS service.<ref name="ChemEng1" /><ref name="webAbout" />

LabLynx claims the facility it uses for hosting the webLIMS application is an "SAS70 Type II audited, ultra-safe and fully redundant data center."<ref name="webLIMS1" /> To prevent downtime due to power outages, LabLynx states that its data center has:

* parallel independent supply lines and facility circuits
* instant battery backup and transition to multiple parallel diesel turbine generators
* hardware powered by two separate feeds and a Tripp Lite instant power distribution switch to the alternative feed<ref>{{cite web|title=The webLiMS.com Data Center Facilities |url=http://lablynx.com/AboutUs/DataCenter/Facilities/tabid/248/Default.aspx |publisher=LabLynx, Inc. |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref>

===LiMStudio===

LiMStudio is a virtual desktop add-on to LabLynx’s webLIMS hosted application. It consists of a collection of 10 development tools that allow webLIMS users to modify the applications in their account to their own needs. It also allows users the ability to create their own applications to connect to the LIMS, providing a more scalable and customizable LIMS option to clients.<ref>{{cite web|title=LiMStudio.net - Hosted Developer Tools |url=http://lablynx.com/Products/DeveloperTools/tabid/242/Default.aspx |publisher=LabLynx, Inc. |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref>

====Product Features====

{{Ombox productfeature}}

{|
| STYLE="vertical-align:top;"|
{| class="wikitable collapsible" style="border-style:none;" background="#ffffff" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"
|-
! colspan="2"| Product: [http://www.lablynx.com/Products/ELabLIMS/tabid/240/Default.aspx ELab]
|-
| style="background-color:white; border-style:none;"| {{Databox LIMSfeature
| sample_login_man = Y<ref name="ELabAbout">{{cite web_short|url=http://www.lablynx.com/Products/ELabLIMS/tabid/240/Default.aspx |title=ELab/webLIMS |publisher=LabLynx, Inc. |accessdate=03 February 2012}}</ref>
| sample_track = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| sample_batch = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| task_event_sched = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| manual_entry = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| multiple_view = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| data_analysis = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| data_sharing = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| custom_fields = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| query = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| import_data = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| data_linking_int = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| data_linking_ext = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| eln_support = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| export_msexcel = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| export_raw = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| data_warehouse = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| deadline_control = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| production_control =
| project_task_man = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| inventory_man = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| document_man = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| case_man = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| workflow_man = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| spec_man = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| customer_man = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| billing_man = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />

| reg_compliance = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| qa_qc = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| performance_eval = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| audit_trail = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| chain_custody = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| roles_security = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| data_norm =
| data_val =
| data_encrypt = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| version_control = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| data_backup = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| enviro_monitoring = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />

| custom_reporting = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| report_printing = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| label_support = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| barcode_support = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| export_pdf = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| export_msword = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| export_htmlxml = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| fax_integration = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| email_integration = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />

| admin_manage = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| modular = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| instrument_inter = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| mobile_device = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| alarms_alerts = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| work_timetrack = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| voice_rec =
| external_monitor = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| messaging = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| multilingual = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| network = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| web_client = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| online_help = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| saas_model = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| usage_cost =
| industries = agriculture, clinical research, environmental, food and beverage, general, law enforcement and forensic, manufacturing and R&D, pharmaceutical, public health and service
}}
|-
|}
|}

====Pricing====

Source for pricing information is the 2012 LIMS Buyer's Guide.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.limsbook.com/ |title=LIMS Buyer's Guide |author=Jones, John; Alan Vaughan |publisher=Laboratory Informatics Institute, Inc. |year=2012}}</ref> As prices may change at any time, always contact the vendor directly to obtain a price list or quote.

{|
| STYLE="vertical-align:top;"|
{| class="wikitable collapsible" border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
|-
! colspan="5"| LIMS Product Price List
|-
! style="color:brown; background-color:#ffffee;"| Part number
! style="color:brown; background-color:#ffffee;"| Description
! style="color:brown; background-color:#ffffee;"| Number of concurrent users
! style="color:brown; background-color:#ffffee;"| Price
! style="color:brown; background-color:#ffffee;"| Unit Price
|-
| '''LLX-ELBS-01'''
| style="background-color:white;" |ELab SQL Edition for 1 Concurrent User
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|1
| style="background-color:white;" |$5,000
| style="background-color:white;" |$5,000
|-
| '''LLX-ELBS-02'''
| style="background-color:white;" |ELab SQL Edition for 2 Concurrent Users
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|2
| style="background-color:white;" |$9,500
| style="background-color:white;" |$4,750
|-
| '''LLX-ELBS-05'''
| style="background-color:white;" |ELab SQL Edition for 5 Concurrent Users
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|5
| style="background-color:white;" |$21,500
| style="background-color:white;" |$4,300
|-
| '''LLX-ELBS-10'''
| style="background-color:white;" |ELab SQL Edition for 10 Concurrent Users
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|10
| style="background-color:white;" |$32,000
| style="background-color:white;" |$3,200
|-
| '''LLX-ELBS-25'''
| style="background-color:white;" |ELab SQL Edition for 25 Concurrent Users
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|25
| style="background-color:white;" |$75,000
| style="background-color:white;" |$3,000
|-
| '''LLX-ELBS-50'''
| style="background-color:white;" |ELab SQL Edition for 50 Concurrent Users
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|50
| style="background-color:white;" |$140,000
| style="background-color:white;" |$2,800
|-
| '''LLX-ELBS-UL'''
| style="background-color:white;" |ELab SQL Edition for Unlimited Concurrent Users
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|Unlimited
| style="background-color:white;" |$275,000
| style="background-color:white;" |
|-
| '''LLX-ELBO-10'''
| style="background-color:white;" |ELab Oracle Edition for 10 Concurrent Users
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|10
| style="background-color:white;" |$65,000
| style="background-color:white;" |$6,500
|-
| '''LLX-ELBO-25'''
| style="background-color:white;" |ELab Oracle Edition for 25 Concurrent Users
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|25
| style="background-color:white;" |$150,000
| style="background-color:white;" |$6,000
|-
| '''LLX-ELBO-50'''
| style="background-color:white;" |ELab Oracle Edition for 50 Concurrent Users
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|50
| style="background-color:white;" |$250,000
| style="background-color:white;" |$5,000
|-
| '''LLX-ELBO-UL'''
| style="background-color:white;" |ELab Oracle Edition for Unlimited Concurrent Users
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|Unlimited
| style="background-color:white;" |$475,000
| style="background-color:white;" |
|-
| '''LLX-WLM-01'''
| style="background-color:white;" |webLIMS.com (SaaS) Edition for 1 Concurrent User (Prices quoted are per month.)
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|1
| style="background-color:white;" |$300
| style="background-color:white;" |$300
|-
| '''LLX-WLM-02'''
| style="background-color:white;" |webLIMS.com (SaaS) Edition for 2 Concurrent Users (Prices quoted are per month.)
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|2
| style="background-color:white;" |$500
| style="background-color:white;" |$250
|-
| '''LLX-WLM-05'''
| style="background-color:white;" |webLIMS.com (SaaS) Edition for 5 Concurrent Users (Prices quoted are per month.)
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|5
| style="background-color:white;" |$800
| style="background-color:white;" |$160
|-
| '''LLX-WLM-10'''
| style="background-color:white;" |webLIMS.com (SaaS) Edition for 10 Concurrent Users (Prices quoted are per month.)
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|10
| style="background-color:white;" |$1,250
| style="background-color:white;" |$125
|-
| '''LLX-WLM-25'''
| style="background-color:white;" |webLIMS.com (SaaS) Edition for 25 Concurrent Users (Prices quoted are per month.)
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|25
| style="background-color:white;" |$2,500
| style="background-color:white;" |$100
|-
| '''LLX-WLM-50'''
| style="background-color:white;" |webLIMS.com (SaaS) Edition for 50 Concurrent Users (Prices quoted are per month.)
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|50
| style="background-color:white;" |$4,000
| style="background-color:white;" |$80
|-
| '''LLX-WLM-UL'''
| style="background-color:white;" |webLIMS.com (SaaS) Edition for Unlimited Concurrent Users (Prices quoted are per month.)
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|Unlimited
| style="background-color:white;" |$7,500
| style="background-color:white;" |
|-
|}
|}

{|
| STYLE="vertical-align:top;"|
{| class="wikitable collapsible" border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" width="900"
|-
! colspan="6"| LIMS Maintenance, Warranty, Support, and Service Plans
|-
! style="color:brown; background-color:#ffffee;"| Maintenance and support plans
! style="color:brown; background-color:#ffffee;"| Maintenance
! style="color:brown; background-color:#ffffee;"| Annual service and support hours incl.
! style="color:brown; background-color:#ffffee;"| Support hours
! style="color:brown; background-color:#ffffee;"| Maintenance, support, and service costs
! style="color:brown; background-color:#ffffee;"| Special notes
|-
| '''Bronze'''
| style="background-color:white;" | One year of unlimited updates and upgrades plus warranty
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"| 4
| style="background-color:white;" | 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. EST, excluding holidays
| style="background-color:white;" | 15% of total license fee; minimum $3,500 per year; hourly services and support at $185/hour
| style="background-color:white;" | This plan is included at no charge to all webLIMS accounts with 1–9 concurrent users.
|-
| '''Silver'''
| style="background-color:white;" | One year of unlimited updates and upgrades plus warranty
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"| 16
| style="background-color:white;" | 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. EST, excluding holidays
| style="background-color:white;" | 15% of total license fee; minimum $4,500 per year; hourly services and support at $175/hour
| style="background-color:white;" | This plan is included at no charge to all webLIMS accounts with 10–24 concurrent users.
|-
| '''Gold'''
| style="background-color:white;" | One year of unlimited updates and upgrades plus warranty
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"| 24
| style="background-color:white;" | 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. EST, excluding holidays
| style="background-color:white;" | 15% of total license fee; minimum $7,500 per year; hourly services and support at $150/hour
| style="background-color:white;" | This plan is included at no charge to all webLIMS accounts with 25–74 concurrent users.
|-
| '''Platinum'''
| style="background-color:white;" | One year of unlimited updates and upgrades plus warranty
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"| 40
| style="background-color:white;" | 24 hours per day, 7 days per week
| style="background-color:white;" | 15% of total license fee; minimum $20,000 per year; hourly services and support at $125/hour
| style="background-color:white;" | This plan is included at no charge to all webLIMS accounts with 75+ concurrent users.
|-
|}
|}

====Demonstration videos and other media====

The following demonstration videos are available for ELab and webLIMS:

* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/p3/Presentation_Files/index.html LabLynx: A Guide to the Company]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/eBooks/Movies/p4/Presentation_Files/index.html LIMS: The Laboratory ERP]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/Movies/d100/d100.html LIMS and ISO 17025]
* [http://www.lablynx.com/webcasts/cda/Presentation_Files/index.html The LabLynx ELab LIMS for Agriculture Labs]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d7/d7.html The LabLynx ELab LIMS for Water/Wastewater and Environmental Labs]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/p13/Presentation_Files/index.html The LabLynx ELab LIMS for Medical Examiners]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/eBooks/Movies/p2/Presentation_Files/index.html The LabLynx ELab LIMS for Pharmaceutical Labs]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/Movies/t4/t4.html ELab - Key Functions and Topics]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/Movies/d108/d108.html ELab: FOG Functionality]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d11/d11.html ELab: Sample Login and Receiving in ELab]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d140/d140.html ELab: Sample Receiving – In Depth]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/Movies/d102/d102.html ELab: Local and Remote Accessioning]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/Movies/d104/d104.html ELab: Data Entry - Manual, Bulk, Importing, and Instrument Interfaces]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/Movies/d105/d105.html ELab: External Interfaces, Queries, and Exporting Data]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/Movies/d106/d106.html ELab: Case Coordination]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d139/d139.html ELab: Project Receiving]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/eBooks/Movies/d14/d14.html ELab: Benchsheets]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d163/d163.html ELab: Analysis Price Quoting and Invoicing]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/Movies/d103/d103.html ELab: Invoicing - Special Pricing, Editing and Tracking Invoices]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d161/d161.html ELab: e-Signatures]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d162/d162.html ELab: Password Management and Session Timeout]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d166/d166.html ELab: Work Assignment and Tracking]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d23/d23.html ELab: Inventory of Stocks, Standards, and Reagents]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d172/d172.html ELab: Creating Storage Locations]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d188/d188.html ELab: Changing Field Captions and Labels]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/eBooks/Movies/d24/d24.html ELab: Instrument Calibration and Maintenance Management]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d26/d26.html ELab: Creating and Editing Custom Reports]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/eBooks/Movies/d31/d31.html ELab: Tracking and Versioning Reports]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d34/d34.html ELab: Security Access Control]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d35/d35.html ELab: Audit Trail]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/eBooks/Movies/d37/d37.html ELab: Results Trending, QC Charting, and Limits Update]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d40/d40.html ELab: Analyte and Test Group Management]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d75/d75.html ELab: Creating and Managing Picklists]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d93/d93.html ELab: System Setup]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d98/d98.html ELab: Training Management and Certification Tracking]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/Movies/f1/f1.html ELab: Forensic Case Management]

====Additional information====

==External links==
* [http://www.lablynx.com/ Official website]
* [http://www.limsuniversity.com/ LIMSuniversity site]
* [http://www.limsfinder.com/ LIMSfinder site]
* [http://www.limswiki.org/ LIMSwiki site]

==References==
<references/>


[[Category:Agriculture LIMS]]
[[Category:Clinical research LIMS]]
[[Category:Environmental LIMS]]
[[Category:Food and beverage LIMS]]
[[Category:General LIMS]]
[[Category:LabLynx, Inc]]
[[Category:Law enforcement and forensic LIMS]]
[[Category:LIMS vendor]]
[[Category:Manufacturing and R&D LIMS]]
[[Category:Pharmaceutical LIMS]]
[[Category:Public health and service LIMS]]

Vendor:LabLynx, Inc.

2012-09-04T20:26:06Z

LIMSinstitute: Updated logo to current

{{Infobox company
| name = LabLynx Inc
| logo = [[File:LLX_Current_Logo_277.jpg]]
| caption = LabLynx logo
| type = Private
| foundation = July 24, 2000<ref name="SoS_llx">{{cite web|title=Business Entity – LabLynx, Inc.|url=http://corp.sos.state.ga.us/corp/soskb/Corp.asp?33586|publisher=Georgia Secretary of State|accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref>
| founder = John H. Jones
| location = 2400 Lake Park Drive Smyrna, Georgia, U.S.
| area_served = Worldwide
| industry = [[Laboratory informatics]]
| products = [[LabLynx, Inc.#Products|ELab]], [[LabLynx, Inc.#Products|webLIMS]], and [[LabLynx, Inc.#Products|LiMStudio]]
| num_employees = 15<ref name="Manta" />
| homepage = {{URL|http://www.lablynx.com/|LabLynx.com}}
}}

'''LabLynx, Inc.''' is a privately owned, funded, and managed American corporation that develops, supports, and markets [[laboratory information management system]] (LIMS) solutions. Its most well-known products include ELab, a browser-based LIMS, and webLIMS, which is ELab offered in a scalable, hosted "[[software as a service]]" (SaaS) delivery model. The company’s primary clients include [[Laboratory|laboratories]] in the agriculture, clinical, environmental, [[Forensic science|forensics]], health care, and manufacturing industries, including government agencies.<ref>{{cite web|title=Internet Software and Services – LabLynx, Inc. |url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=40482985|publisher=Bloomberg Businessweek |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref> The company is known for introducing one of the first browser-based LIMS products in 1997<ref name="LS_prod">{{cite web |url=http://www.limsource.com/products/vatlanta.html |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20071012123126/http://www.limsource.com/products/vatlanta.html |archivedate=12 October 2007 |title=LIMSource: LIMS Vendor: LabLynx, Inc. |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref><ref name="LIMSwb" /> and being a long-term player in the [[laboratory informatics]] market. It’s estimated that LabLynx employs fifteen people.<ref name="Manta">{{cite web|title=LabLynx, Inc. - Atlanta, Georgia (GA) |url=http://www.manta.com/c/mmj7tyc/lablynx-inc |publisher=Manta Media, Inc. |accessdate=31 October 2011}}</ref>

==History==

Before LabLynx was a company, it was a LIMS product offered by Atlanta Systems Consultants, Inc. (ASC).<ref name="LLX_archive1">{{cite web |url= http://www.lablynx.com/ |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/19990125100717/http://www.lablynx.com/ |archivedate=25 January 1998 |title=LABLynx On The Web |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref><ref name="doh_fl">{{cite web|title=LABlynx on the Web |url=http://www.doh.state.fl.us/Irm/Apps/ihis/JADS/deh/Market%20Research/Background/asc_website.pdf |publisher=Florida Department of Health |date=8 March 2000 |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref> Formed in 1992,<ref name="SoS_asc">{{cite web|title=Business Entity – Atlanta Systems Consultants, Inc. |url=http://corp.sos.state.ga.us/corp/soskb/Corp.asp?863137|publisher=Georgia Secretary of State|accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref> ASC’s LabLynx division later began work on a laboratory information management system designed specifically for a web browser. ASC demonstrated its new Internet Explorer-based LabLynx LIMS at [[Pittsburgh Conference on Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy|Pittcon]] in 1997, among the first browser-based LIMS to appear at the time.<ref name="LS_prod"/><ref name="LIMSwb">{{cite book|title=LIMS Workbook - A Practical Guide |edition=3rd |author=McGinnis, Mike and Norman Perkins|chapter=I. Wireless LANs |year=2003 |pages=I-16 |publisher=Q2marketsite, Inc. |asin=B00161Y71K}}</ref> The company again showcased LabLynx at Pittcon in 1998<ref name="LS_pitt98">{{cite web |url=http://www.limsource.com/calendar/pitt98.html |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/19980529121944/http://www.limsource.com/calendar/pitt98.html |archivedate=29 May 1998 |title=LIMSource: Calendar: Pittcon ’98 Preview |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref> and soon after picked up a major LIMS-based contract with the U.S. Customs Service.<ref name="FBO">{{cite web|title=70 -- Laboratory Information Management Software (LIMS) (07/30/98) |url=http://www.fbodaily.com/cbd/archive/1998/07(July)/30-Jul-1998/70awd003.htm|publisher=FedBizOpps|accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref>

[[File:2400 Lake Park Drive, Smyrna, Georgia.jpg|thumb|250px|LabLynx home office]]

By July 2000, the LabLynx division of ASC separated to become its own incorporated entity.<ref name="SoS_llx" /> And while ASC eventually ceased to exist in 2005,<ref name="SoS_asc" /> LabLynx, Inc. went on to diversify its offerings. LabLynx’s browser-based LIMS previously demonstrated at Pittcon in 1997 expanded to become ELab, which in 2001 took on an application service provider (ASP) model of distribution.<ref name="LS_prod2">{{cite web |url=http://www.limsource.com/products/vatlanta.html |archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20010409200118/http://www.limsource.com/products/vatlanta.html |archivedate=9 April 2001 |title=LIMSource: LIMS Vendor: Atlanta Systems Consultants, Inc. |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref> In 2004 LabLynx released a browser-based tool called openLIMS, which gave consultants and end-users the ability "to build custom LIMS solutions that are geared to the exact operational needs of many different laboratories."<ref>{{cite web|title=Build your own LIMS: News from LabLynx |url=http://www.laboratorytalk.com/news/lbl/lbl100.html |publisher=LaboratoryTalk.com |date=6 January 2004 |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref>

On June 19, 2006, LabLynx established the Laboratory Informatics Institute, an open membership group with the purpose of advancing the field of laboratory informatics and shaping the standards associated with it.<ref name="LII">{{cite web|title=Laboratory Informatics Institute Established |url=http://www.limsfinder.com/BlogDetail.aspx?id=31049_0_3_0_C |publisher=Laboratory Informatics Institute, Inc. |date=17 July 2006 |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref> LabLynx made further moves to better its LIMS offerings in August 2008, renewing and expanding its contract with Nagarro, Inc., a U.S.-based technology consulting firm. The collaboration allowed LabLynx to upgrade its existing LIMS software to .NET architecture and expand its initiative to create and market a SaaS-based LIMS.<ref name="Nagarro1">{{cite web|title=LABLynx Extends Contract with Nagarro to Include Additional Product Development and SaaS Projects |url=http://www.nagarro.com/NewsEvents/Press%20Releases/LABLynx%20Extends%20Contract%20with.aspx |publisher=Nagarro, Inc. |date=20 August 2008 |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref> Less than a year after the announced renewed partnership, LabLynx revealed its redeveloped webLIMS product to the public, featuring ELab in a SaaS model and additional integration of developer tools to allow users to create and modify modules for the LIMS.<ref name="webLIMS1">{{cite web|title=LabLynx launches the new webLiMS.com, Laboratory SaaS Provider |url=http://scienceandresearch.argylenews.com/press_release.aspx?LabLynx-launches-the-new-webLiMScom-Laboratory-SaaS-Provider-542 |publisher=Argyle News |date=6 March 2009 |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref><ref name="webLIMS2">{{cite web|title=Weblims – LabLynx |url=http://www.scientific-computing.com/products/product_details.php?product_id=544 |publisher=Scientific Computing World |date=6 March 2009 |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref> This move to a cloud-based SaaS model brought renewed interest in the company’s LIMS, with clients like the Georgia Department of Agriculture<ref name="ChemEng1">{{cite web|url=http://pubs.acs.org/cen/coverstory/88/8821cover.html |title=LIMS In The Cloud |author=Mullin, Rick |publisher=Chemical & Engineering News |date=24 May 2010 |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref> and Cypress Bioscience<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lifescienceleader.com/index.php?option=com_jambozine&layout=article&view=page&aid=4056 |title=SaaS Model Turns LIMS Paradigm On Its Head |author=Dubin, Cindy |publisher=Life Science Leader |date=June 2010 |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=SaaS - Is a web hosted LIMS right for your laboratory? |url=http://www.lablynx.com/ArticlesBlogs/tabid/326/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/13/SaaS--Is-a-web-hosted-LIMS-right-for-your-laboratory.aspx |publisher=LabLynx, Inc. |date=15 August 2009 |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref> taking on the new LIMS.

LabLynx is currently involved in an initiative to standardize and structure the transmission of laboratory data that first originates in a LIMS or LIS and then moves to a person's or population of people's electronic health records.<ref>{{cite book|title=Laboratory Results Interface (LRI) Pilots Guide |edition= v0.9.4.093011 |author=Clarke, Ann | year=2011 |pages=1–2 |publisher=LabLynx/mdDigest |url= http://wiki.siframework.org/file/view/LRI_Pilots_Guide_Draft_v0_9_4_093011.docx}}</ref> This laboratory results interface (LRI) pilot began in August 2011 and includes collaboration with the supported open source project mdDigest and the U.S. Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC).<ref>{{cite web|title=PROJECT BRIEF: LabLynx/mdDigest Pilot |url=http://wiki.siframework.org/LabLynx+Pilot+Brief |publisher= LabLynx/mdDigest |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref>

===Community history===

Since transitioning from Atlanta Systems Consultants, Inc. to LabLynx, Inc. in 2000, LabLynx has become increasingly active in the laboratory informatics community. Projects that LabLynx has started or been involved in within the community include:

* the Laboratory Informatics Institute, an open trade association with the mission of educating, standardizing, and promoting the laboratory informatics industry<ref name="LII" />
* LIMSfinder, an online interactive magazine released by the Laboratory Informatics Institute that aims to be "the best resource for information technology in the laboratory"<ref>{{cite web|title=LIMSfinder Home |url=http://www.limsfinder.com/Home.aspx |publisher=Laboratory Informatics Institute, Inc.|accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref>
* LIMSbook, a LIMS buyer’s guide released by the Laboratory Informatics Institute<ref>{{cite web|title=The LIMS Book |url=http://limsbook.com/ |publisher=Laboratory Informatics Institute, Inc.|accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref>
* LIMSforum, a LinkedIn discussion group created to facilitate the exchange of ideas and technical information across the fields of laboratory, science, and [[health informatics]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Lablynx - latest company news |url=http://www.laboratorytalk.com/news/lbl/lbl103.html |publisher=LaboratoryTalk.com |date=25 August 2009 |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=LiMS forum - Laboratory Informatics Institute user's group for LIMS, Scientific & Health Informatics |url=http://www.linkedin.com/groups?about=&gid=2069898 |publisher=LinkedIn.com |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref>
* LIMSuniversity, an open-access learning resource released by the Laboratory Informatics Institute, targeted towards laboratories and the LIMS community<ref>{{cite web|title=LiMSuniversity.com, the on-line, Open Access, Virtual Learning Center for Laboratory Informatics users and professionals |url=http://www.limsfinder.com/BlogDetail.aspx?id=35134_0_25_0_C |publisher=Laboratory Informatics Institute, Inc. |date=4 April 2011 |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref>
* LIMSwiki, a Creative Commons-licensed wiki with the goal of bringing related informatics communities together to maintain a repository of information about the industry<ref>{{cite web|title=LIMSwiki mission |url=http://limswiki.org/index.php/LIMSwiki_mission |date=2 June 2011 |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref>

==Technology and products==

LabLynx develops, supports, and markets several products for the laboratory, science, and health industries:

===ELab===

ELab is a laboratory information management system (LIMS) and collection of associated modules developed to help professionals in the scientific community manage data coming into and leaving the laboratory.<ref name="ELab1">{{cite web|title=ELab LIMS |url=http://lablynx.com/Products/ELabLIMS/tabid/240/Default.aspx |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref> The original LabLynx LIMS became known as ELab shortly before LabLynx fully separated from Atlanta Systems Consultants, Inc. in 2001.<ref name="LS_prod2" />

Over 30 different modules and functions are included with ELab, and licenses for the software are available with both onsite of offsite hosting services. LabLynx also states that ELab currently serves in many validated environments, including [[21 CFR Part 11]], College of American Pathologists (CAP), and [[ISO/IEC 17025]], in compliance with such standards as [[Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act|HIPAA]], [[Health Level 7|HL7]], STORENET, [[Food and Drug Administration|FDA]]- and [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]]-regulated [[good laboratory practice]] (GLP), and more.<ref name="ELab1" />

===webLIMS===

webLIMS is a hosted [[software as a service]] (SaaS) version of the ELab LIMS.<ref name=webAbout>{{cite web_short|url=http://www.lablynx.com/Products/webLiMScom/tabid/237/Default.aspx |title=webLIMS |publisher=LabLynx, Inc. |accessdate=03 February 2012}}</ref> LabLynx introduced the offering in March 2009, touting 35 different laboratory informatics and business applications in the hosted package.<ref name="webLIMS1" /> As with most SaaS software, LabLynx intends to reduce cost to laboratories, decrease the amount of downtime, and provide a more scalable LIMS solution with its webLIMS service.<ref name="ChemEng1" /><ref name="webAbout" />

LabLynx claims the facility it uses for hosting the webLIMS application is an "SAS70 Type II audited, ultra-safe and fully redundant data center."<ref name="webLIMS1" /> To prevent downtime due to power outages, LabLynx states that its data center has:

* parallel independent supply lines and facility circuits
* instant battery backup and transition to multiple parallel diesel turbine generators
* hardware powered by two separate feeds and a Tripp Lite instant power distribution switch to the alternative feed<ref>{{cite web|title=The webLiMS.com Data Center Facilities |url=http://lablynx.com/AboutUs/DataCenter/Facilities/tabid/248/Default.aspx |publisher=LabLynx, Inc. |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref>

===LiMStudio===

LiMStudio is a virtual desktop add-on to LabLynx’s webLIMS hosted application. It consists of a collection of 10 development tools that allow webLIMS users to modify the applications in their account to their own needs. It also allows users the ability to create their own applications to connect to the LIMS, providing a more scalable and customizable LIMS option to clients.<ref>{{cite web|title=LiMStudio.net - Hosted Developer Tools |url=http://lablynx.com/Products/DeveloperTools/tabid/242/Default.aspx |publisher=LabLynx, Inc. |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref>

====Product Features====

{{Ombox productfeature}}

{|
| STYLE="vertical-align:top;"|
{| class="wikitable collapsible" style="border-style:none;" background="#ffffff" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"
|-
! colspan="2"| Product: [http://www.lablynx.com/Products/ELabLIMS/tabid/240/Default.aspx ELab]
|-
| style="background-color:white; border-style:none;"| {{Databox LIMSfeature
| sample_login_man = Y<ref name="ELabAbout">{{cite web_short|url=http://www.lablynx.com/Products/ELabLIMS/tabid/240/Default.aspx |title=ELab |publisher=LabLynx, Inc. |accessdate=03 February 2012}}</ref>
| sample_track = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| sample_batch = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| task_event_sched = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| manual_entry = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| multiple_view =
| data_analysis = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| data_sharing =
| custom_fields = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| query = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| import_data = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| data_linking_int = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| data_linking_ext =
| eln_support =
| export_msexcel = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| export_raw =
| data_warehouse = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| deadline_control =
| production_control =
| project_task_man = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| inventory_man = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| document_man = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| case_man = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| workflow_man = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| spec_man =
| customer_man =
| billing_man =

| reg_compliance = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| qa_qc = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| performance_eval =
| audit_trail = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| chain_custody = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| roles_security = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| data_norm =
| data_val =
| data_encrypt =
| version_control = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| data_backup =
| enviro_monitoring =

| custom_reporting = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| report_printing = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| label_support = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| barcode_support = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| export_pdf = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| export_msword =
| export_htmlxml =
| fax_integration = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| email_integration = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />

| admin_manage =
| modular = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| instrument_inter = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| mobile_device = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| alarms_alerts = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| work_timetrack =
| voice_rec =
| external_monitor =
| messaging =
| multilingual = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| network = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| web_client = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| online_help =
| saas_model = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| usage_cost =
| industries = agriculture, clinical research, environmental, food and beverage, general, law enforcement and forensic, manufacturing and R&D, pharmaceutical, public health and service
}}
|-
|}
| STYLE="vertical-align:top; padding-right:10px;"|
{| class="wikitable collapsible" style="border-style:none;" background="#ffffff" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"
|-
! colspan="2"| Product: [http://www.lablynx.com/Products/webLiMScom/tabid/237/Default.aspx webLIMS]
|-
| style="background-color:white; border-style:none;"| {{Databox LIMSfeature
| sample_login_man = Y<ref name="webMovie">{{cite web_short|url=http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/wl4/wl4.html |title=webLIMS - The Tour |publisher=LabLynx, Inc. |accessdate=03 February 2012}}</ref>
| sample_track = Y<ref name="webMovie" />
| sample_batch =
| task_event_sched =
| manual_entry =
| multiple_view =
| data_analysis =
| data_sharing =
| custom_fields =
| query = Y<ref name="webMovie" />
| import_data =
| data_linking_int =
| data_linking_ext =
| eln_support =
| export_msexcel =
| export_raw =
| data_warehouse =
| deadline_control =
| production_control =
| project_task_man =
| inventory_man =
| document_man =
| case_man =
| workflow_man =
| spec_man =
| customer_man = Y<ref name="webMovie" />
| billing_man = Y<ref name="webMovie" />

| reg_compliance =
| qa_qc = Y<ref name="webMovie" />
| performance_eval =
| audit_trail =
| chain_custody = Y<ref name="webMovie" />
| roles_security =
| data_norm =
| data_val = Y<ref name="webMovie" />
| data_encrypt =
| version_control =
| data_backup = Y<ref name="webMovie" />
| enviro_monitoring =

| custom_reporting =
| report_printing =
| label_support =
| barcode_support =
| export_pdf =
| export_msword =
| export_htmlxml =
| fax_integration =
| email_integration =

| admin_manage =
| modular =
| instrument_inter =
| mobile_device =
| alarms_alerts = Y<ref name="webMovie" />
| work_timetrack = Y<ref name="webMovie" />
| voice_rec =
| external_monitor =
| messaging =
| multilingual =
| network =
| web_client =
| online_help = Y<ref name="webMovie" />
| saas_model = Y<ref name="webMovie" />
| usage_cost =
| industries = agriculture, clinical research, environmental, food and beverage, general, law enforcement and forensic, manufacturing and R&D, pharmaceutical, public health and service
}}
|-
|}
|}

====Pricing====

Source for pricing information is the 2012 LIMS Buyer's Guide.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.limsbook.com/ |title=LIMS Buyer's Guide |author=Jones, John; Alan Vaughan |publisher=Laboratory Informatics Institute, Inc. |year=2012}}</ref> As prices may change at any time, always contact the vendor directly to obtain a price list or quote.

{|
| STYLE="vertical-align:top;"|
{| class="wikitable collapsible" border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
|-
! colspan="5"| LIMS Product Price List
|-
! style="color:brown; background-color:#ffffee;"| Part number
! style="color:brown; background-color:#ffffee;"| Description
! style="color:brown; background-color:#ffffee;"| Number of concurrent users
! style="color:brown; background-color:#ffffee;"| Price
! style="color:brown; background-color:#ffffee;"| Unit Price
|-
| '''LLX-ELBS-01'''
| style="background-color:white;" |ELab SQL Edition for 1 Concurrent User
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|1
| style="background-color:white;" |$5,000
| style="background-color:white;" |$5,000
|-
| '''LLX-ELBS-02'''
| style="background-color:white;" |ELab SQL Edition for 2 Concurrent Users
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|2
| style="background-color:white;" |$9,500
| style="background-color:white;" |$4,750
|-
| '''LLX-ELBS-05'''
| style="background-color:white;" |ELab SQL Edition for 5 Concurrent Users
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|5
| style="background-color:white;" |$21,500
| style="background-color:white;" |$4,300
|-
| '''LLX-ELBS-10'''
| style="background-color:white;" |ELab SQL Edition for 10 Concurrent Users
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|10
| style="background-color:white;" |$32,000
| style="background-color:white;" |$3,200
|-
| '''LLX-ELBS-25'''
| style="background-color:white;" |ELab SQL Edition for 25 Concurrent Users
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|25
| style="background-color:white;" |$75,000
| style="background-color:white;" |$3,000
|-
| '''LLX-ELBS-50'''
| style="background-color:white;" |ELab SQL Edition for 50 Concurrent Users
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|50
| style="background-color:white;" |$140,000
| style="background-color:white;" |$2,800
|-
| '''LLX-ELBS-UL'''
| style="background-color:white;" |ELab SQL Edition for Unlimited Concurrent Users
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|Unlimited
| style="background-color:white;" |$275,000
| style="background-color:white;" |
|-
| '''LLX-ELBO-10'''
| style="background-color:white;" |ELab Oracle Edition for 10 Concurrent Users
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|10
| style="background-color:white;" |$65,000
| style="background-color:white;" |$6,500
|-
| '''LLX-ELBO-25'''
| style="background-color:white;" |ELab Oracle Edition for 25 Concurrent Users
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|25
| style="background-color:white;" |$150,000
| style="background-color:white;" |$6,000
|-
| '''LLX-ELBO-50'''
| style="background-color:white;" |ELab Oracle Edition for 50 Concurrent Users
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|50
| style="background-color:white;" |$250,000
| style="background-color:white;" |$5,000
|-
| '''LLX-ELBO-UL'''
| style="background-color:white;" |ELab Oracle Edition for Unlimited Concurrent Users
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|Unlimited
| style="background-color:white;" |$475,000
| style="background-color:white;" |
|-
| '''LLX-WLM-01'''
| style="background-color:white;" |webLIMS.com (SaaS) Edition for 1 Concurrent User (Prices quoted are per month.)
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|1
| style="background-color:white;" |$300
| style="background-color:white;" |$300
|-
| '''LLX-WLM-02'''
| style="background-color:white;" |webLIMS.com (SaaS) Edition for 2 Concurrent Users (Prices quoted are per month.)
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|2
| style="background-color:white;" |$500
| style="background-color:white;" |$250
|-
| '''LLX-WLM-05'''
| style="background-color:white;" |webLIMS.com (SaaS) Edition for 5 Concurrent Users (Prices quoted are per month.)
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|5
| style="background-color:white;" |$800
| style="background-color:white;" |$160
|-
| '''LLX-WLM-10'''
| style="background-color:white;" |webLIMS.com (SaaS) Edition for 10 Concurrent Users (Prices quoted are per month.)
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|10
| style="background-color:white;" |$1,250
| style="background-color:white;" |$125
|-
| '''LLX-WLM-25'''
| style="background-color:white;" |webLIMS.com (SaaS) Edition for 25 Concurrent Users (Prices quoted are per month.)
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|25
| style="background-color:white;" |$2,500
| style="background-color:white;" |$100
|-
| '''LLX-WLM-50'''
| style="background-color:white;" |webLIMS.com (SaaS) Edition for 50 Concurrent Users (Prices quoted are per month.)
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|50
| style="background-color:white;" |$4,000
| style="background-color:white;" |$80
|-
| '''LLX-WLM-UL'''
| style="background-color:white;" |webLIMS.com (SaaS) Edition for Unlimited Concurrent Users (Prices quoted are per month.)
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|Unlimited
| style="background-color:white;" |$7,500
| style="background-color:white;" |
|-
|}
|}

{|
| STYLE="vertical-align:top;"|
{| class="wikitable collapsible" border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" width="900"
|-
! colspan="6"| LIMS Maintenance, Warranty, Support, and Service Plans
|-
! style="color:brown; background-color:#ffffee;"| Maintenance and support plans
! style="color:brown; background-color:#ffffee;"| Maintenance
! style="color:brown; background-color:#ffffee;"| Annual service and support hours incl.
! style="color:brown; background-color:#ffffee;"| Support hours
! style="color:brown; background-color:#ffffee;"| Maintenance, support, and service costs
! style="color:brown; background-color:#ffffee;"| Special notes
|-
| '''Bronze'''
| style="background-color:white;" | One year of unlimited updates and upgrades plus warranty
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"| 4
| style="background-color:white;" | 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. EST, excluding holidays
| style="background-color:white;" | 15% of total license fee; minimum $3,500 per year; hourly services and support at $185/hour
| style="background-color:white;" | This plan is included at no charge to all webLIMS accounts with 1–9 concurrent users.
|-
| '''Silver'''
| style="background-color:white;" | One year of unlimited updates and upgrades plus warranty
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"| 16
| style="background-color:white;" | 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. EST, excluding holidays
| style="background-color:white;" | 15% of total license fee; minimum $4,500 per year; hourly services and support at $175/hour
| style="background-color:white;" | This plan is included at no charge to all webLIMS accounts with 10–24 concurrent users.
|-
| '''Gold'''
| style="background-color:white;" | One year of unlimited updates and upgrades plus warranty
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"| 24
| style="background-color:white;" | 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. EST, excluding holidays
| style="background-color:white;" | 15% of total license fee; minimum $7,500 per year; hourly services and support at $150/hour
| style="background-color:white;" | This plan is included at no charge to all webLIMS accounts with 25–74 concurrent users.
|-
| '''Platinum'''
| style="background-color:white;" | One year of unlimited updates and upgrades plus warranty
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"| 40
| style="background-color:white;" | 24 hours per day, 7 days per week
| style="background-color:white;" | 15% of total license fee; minimum $20,000 per year; hourly services and support at $125/hour
| style="background-color:white;" | This plan is included at no charge to all webLIMS accounts with 75+ concurrent users.
|-
|}
|}

====Demonstration videos and other media====

The following demonstration videos are available for ELab and webLIMS:

* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/p3/Presentation_Files/index.html LabLynx: A Guide to the Company]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/eBooks/Movies/p4/Presentation_Files/index.html LIMS: The Laboratory ERP]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/Movies/d100/d100.html LIMS and ISO 17025]
* [http://www.lablynx.com/webcasts/cda/Presentation_Files/index.html The LabLynx ELab LIMS for Agriculture Labs]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d7/d7.html The LabLynx ELab LIMS for Water/Wastewater and Environmental Labs]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/p13/Presentation_Files/index.html The LabLynx ELab LIMS for Medical Examiners]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/eBooks/Movies/p2/Presentation_Files/index.html The LabLynx ELab LIMS for Pharmaceutical Labs]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/Movies/t4/t4.html ELab - Key Functions and Topics]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/Movies/d108/d108.html ELab: FOG Functionality]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d11/d11.html ELab: Sample Login and Receiving in ELab]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d140/d140.html ELab: Sample Receiving – In Depth]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/Movies/d102/d102.html ELab: Local and Remote Accessioning]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/Movies/d104/d104.html ELab: Data Entry - Manual, Bulk, Importing, and Instrument Interfaces]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/Movies/d105/d105.html ELab: External Interfaces, Queries, and Exporting Data]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/Movies/d106/d106.html ELab: Case Coordination]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d139/d139.html ELab: Project Receiving]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/eBooks/Movies/d14/d14.html ELab: Benchsheets]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d163/d163.html ELab: Analysis Price Quoting and Invoicing]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/Movies/d103/d103.html ELab: Invoicing - Special Pricing, Editing and Tracking Invoices]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d161/d161.html ELab: e-Signatures]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d162/d162.html ELab: Password Management and Session Timeout]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d166/d166.html ELab: Work Assignment and Tracking]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d23/d23.html ELab: Inventory of Stocks, Standards, and Reagents]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d172/d172.html ELab: Creating Storage Locations]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d188/d188.html ELab: Changing Field Captions and Labels]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/eBooks/Movies/d24/d24.html ELab: Instrument Calibration and Maintenance Management]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d26/d26.html ELab: Creating and Editing Custom Reports]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/eBooks/Movies/d31/d31.html ELab: Tracking and Versioning Reports]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d34/d34.html ELab: Security Access Control]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d35/d35.html ELab: Audit Trail]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/eBooks/Movies/d37/d37.html ELab: Results Trending, QC Charting, and Limits Update]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d40/d40.html ELab: Analyte and Test Group Management]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d75/d75.html ELab: Creating and Managing Picklists]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d93/d93.html ELab: System Setup]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d98/d98.html ELab: Training Management and Certification Tracking]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/Movies/f1/f1.html ELab: Forensic Case Management]

====Additional information====

==External links==
* [http://www.lablynx.com/ Official website]
* [http://www.limsuniversity.com/ LIMSuniversity site]
* [http://www.limsfinder.com/ LIMSfinder site]
* [http://www.limswiki.org/ LIMSwiki site]

==References==
<references/>


[[Category:Agriculture LIMS]]
[[Category:Clinical research LIMS]]
[[Category:Environmental LIMS]]
[[Category:Food and beverage LIMS]]
[[Category:General LIMS]]
[[Category:LabLynx, Inc]]
[[Category:Law enforcement and forensic LIMS]]
[[Category:LIMS vendor]]
[[Category:Manufacturing and R&D LIMS]]
[[Category:Pharmaceutical LIMS]]
[[Category:Public health and service LIMS]]

File:LLX Current Logo 277.jpg

2012-09-04T20:24:34Z

LIMSinstitute: Current LLX logo at 277 pixels wide.

Current LLX logo at 277 pixels wide.

File:LLX Current Logo.jpg

2012-09-04T20:21:25Z

LIMSinstitute: LLX Recently changed logo with new slogan expanding its scope to Science generaly rather than just LIMS.

LLX Recently changed logo with new slogan expanding its scope to Science generaly rather than just LIMS.

Vendor:LabLynx, Inc.

2012-09-04T13:12:24Z

LIMSinstitute: Minor clarifying/typo edits

{{Infobox company
| name = LabLynx Inc
| logo = [[File:Lablynx.jpg‎‎]]
| caption = LabLynx logo
| type = Private
| foundation = July 24, 2000<ref name="SoS_llx">{{cite web|title=Business Entity – LabLynx, Inc.|url=http://corp.sos.state.ga.us/corp/soskb/Corp.asp?33586|publisher=Georgia Secretary of State|accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref>
| founder = John H. Jones
| location = 2400 Lake Park Drive Smyrna, Georgia, U.S.
| area_served = Worldwide
| industry = [[Laboratory informatics]]
| products = [[LabLynx, Inc.#Products|ELab]], [[LabLynx, Inc.#Products|webLIMS]], and [[LabLynx, Inc.#Products|LiMStudio]]
| num_employees = 15<ref name="Manta" />
| homepage = {{URL|http://www.lablynx.com/|LabLynx.com}}
}}

'''LabLynx, Inc.''' is a privately owned, funded, and managed American corporation that develops, supports, and markets [[laboratory information management system]] (LIMS) solutions. Its most well-known products include ELab, a browser-based LIMS, and webLIMS, which is ELab offered in a scalable, hosted "[[software as a service]]" (SaaS) delivery model. The company’s primary clients include [[Laboratory|laboratories]] in the agriculture, clinical, environmental, [[Forensic science|forensics]], health care, and manufacturing industries, including government agencies.<ref>{{cite web|title=Internet Software and Services – LabLynx, Inc. |url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=40482985|publisher=Bloomberg Businessweek |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref> The company is known for introducing one of the first browser-based LIMS products in 1997<ref name="LS_prod">{{cite web |url=http://www.limsource.com/products/vatlanta.html |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20071012123126/http://www.limsource.com/products/vatlanta.html |archivedate=12 October 2007 |title=LIMSource: LIMS Vendor: LabLynx, Inc. |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref><ref name="LIMSwb" /> and being a long-term player in the [[laboratory informatics]] market. It’s estimated that LabLynx employs fifteen people.<ref name="Manta">{{cite web|title=LabLynx, Inc. - Atlanta, Georgia (GA) |url=http://www.manta.com/c/mmj7tyc/lablynx-inc |publisher=Manta Media, Inc. |accessdate=31 October 2011}}</ref>

==History==

Before LabLynx was a company, it was a LIMS product offered by Atlanta Systems Consultants, Inc. (ASC).<ref name="LLX_archive1">{{cite web |url= http://www.lablynx.com/ |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/19990125100717/http://www.lablynx.com/ |archivedate=25 January 1998 |title=LABLynx On The Web |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref><ref name="doh_fl">{{cite web|title=LABlynx on the Web |url=http://www.doh.state.fl.us/Irm/Apps/ihis/JADS/deh/Market%20Research/Background/asc_website.pdf |publisher=Florida Department of Health |date=8 March 2000 |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref> Formed in 1992,<ref name="SoS_asc">{{cite web|title=Business Entity – Atlanta Systems Consultants, Inc. |url=http://corp.sos.state.ga.us/corp/soskb/Corp.asp?863137|publisher=Georgia Secretary of State|accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref> ASC’s LabLynx division later began work on a laboratory information management system designed specifically for a web browser. ASC demonstrated its new Internet Explorer-based LabLynx LIMS at [[Pittsburgh Conference on Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy|Pittcon]] in 1997, among the first browser-based LIMS to appear at the time.<ref name="LS_prod"/><ref name="LIMSwb">{{cite book|title=LIMS Workbook - A Practical Guide |edition=3rd |author=McGinnis, Mike and Norman Perkins|chapter=I. Wireless LANs |year=2003 |pages=I-16 |publisher=Q2marketsite, Inc. |asin=B00161Y71K}}</ref> The company again showcased LabLynx at Pittcon in 1998<ref name="LS_pitt98">{{cite web |url=http://www.limsource.com/calendar/pitt98.html |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/19980529121944/http://www.limsource.com/calendar/pitt98.html |archivedate=29 May 1998 |title=LIMSource: Calendar: Pittcon ’98 Preview |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref> and soon after picked up a major LIMS-based contract with the U.S. Customs Service.<ref name="FBO">{{cite web|title=70 -- Laboratory Information Management Software (LIMS) (07/30/98) |url=http://www.fbodaily.com/cbd/archive/1998/07(July)/30-Jul-1998/70awd003.htm|publisher=FedBizOpps|accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref>

[[File:2400 Lake Park Drive, Smyrna, Georgia.jpg|thumb|250px|LabLynx home office]]

By July 2000, the LabLynx division of ASC separated to become its own incorporated entity.<ref name="SoS_llx" /> And while ASC eventually ceased to exist in 2005,<ref name="SoS_asc" /> LabLynx, Inc. went on to diversify its offerings. LabLynx’s browser-based LIMS previously demonstrated at Pittcon in 1997 expanded to become ELab, which in 2001 took on an application service provider (ASP) model of distribution.<ref name="LS_prod2">{{cite web |url=http://www.limsource.com/products/vatlanta.html |archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20010409200118/http://www.limsource.com/products/vatlanta.html |archivedate=9 April 2001 |title=LIMSource: LIMS Vendor: Atlanta Systems Consultants, Inc. |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref> In 2004 LabLynx released a browser-based tool called openLIMS, which gave consultants and end-users the ability "to build custom LIMS solutions that are geared to the exact operational needs of many different laboratories."<ref>{{cite web|title=Build your own LIMS: News from LabLynx |url=http://www.laboratorytalk.com/news/lbl/lbl100.html |publisher=LaboratoryTalk.com |date=6 January 2004 |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref>

On June 19, 2006, LabLynx established the Laboratory Informatics Institute, an open membership group with the purpose of advancing the field of laboratory informatics and shaping the standards associated with it.<ref name="LII">{{cite web|title=Laboratory Informatics Institute Established |url=http://www.limsfinder.com/BlogDetail.aspx?id=31049_0_3_0_C |publisher=Laboratory Informatics Institute, Inc. |date=17 July 2006 |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref> LabLynx made further moves to better its LIMS offerings in August 2008, renewing and expanding its contract with Nagarro, Inc., a U.S.-based technology consulting firm. The collaboration allowed LabLynx to upgrade its existing LIMS software to .NET architecture and expand its initiative to create and market a SaaS-based LIMS.<ref name="Nagarro1">{{cite web|title=LABLynx Extends Contract with Nagarro to Include Additional Product Development and SaaS Projects |url=http://www.nagarro.com/NewsEvents/Press%20Releases/LABLynx%20Extends%20Contract%20with.aspx |publisher=Nagarro, Inc. |date=20 August 2008 |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref> Less than a year after the announced renewed partnership, LabLynx revealed its redeveloped webLIMS product to the public, featuring ELab in a SaaS model and additional integration of developer tools to allow users to create and modify modules for the LIMS.<ref name="webLIMS1">{{cite web|title=LabLynx launches the new webLiMS.com, Laboratory SaaS Provider |url=http://scienceandresearch.argylenews.com/press_release.aspx?LabLynx-launches-the-new-webLiMScom-Laboratory-SaaS-Provider-542 |publisher=Argyle News |date=6 March 2009 |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref><ref name="webLIMS2">{{cite web|title=Weblims – LabLynx |url=http://www.scientific-computing.com/products/product_details.php?product_id=544 |publisher=Scientific Computing World |date=6 March 2009 |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref> This move to a cloud-based SaaS model brought renewed interest in the company’s LIMS, with clients like the Georgia Department of Agriculture<ref name="ChemEng1">{{cite web|url=http://pubs.acs.org/cen/coverstory/88/8821cover.html |title=LIMS In The Cloud |author=Mullin, Rick |publisher=Chemical & Engineering News |date=24 May 2010 |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref> and Cypress Bioscience<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lifescienceleader.com/index.php?option=com_jambozine&layout=article&view=page&aid=4056 |title=SaaS Model Turns LIMS Paradigm On Its Head |author=Dubin, Cindy |publisher=Life Science Leader |date=June 2010 |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=SaaS - Is a web hosted LIMS right for your laboratory? |url=http://www.lablynx.com/ArticlesBlogs/tabid/326/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/13/SaaS--Is-a-web-hosted-LIMS-right-for-your-laboratory.aspx |publisher=LabLynx, Inc. |date=15 August 2009 |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref> taking on the new LIMS.

LabLynx is currently involved in an initiative to standardize and structure the transmission of laboratory data that first originates in a LIMS or LIS and then moves to a person's or population of people's electronic health records.<ref>{{cite book|title=Laboratory Results Interface (LRI) Pilots Guide |edition= v0.9.4.093011 |author=Clarke, Ann | year=2011 |pages=1–2 |publisher=LabLynx/mdDigest |url= http://wiki.siframework.org/file/view/LRI_Pilots_Guide_Draft_v0_9_4_093011.docx}}</ref> This laboratory results interface (LRI) pilot began in August 2011 and includes collaboration with the supported open source project mdDigest and the U.S. Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC).<ref>{{cite web|title=PROJECT BRIEF: LabLynx/mdDigest Pilot |url=http://wiki.siframework.org/LabLynx+Pilot+Brief |publisher= LabLynx/mdDigest |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref>

===Community history===

Since transitioning from Atlanta Systems Consultants, Inc. to LabLynx, Inc. in 2000, LabLynx has become increasingly active in the laboratory informatics community. Projects that LabLynx has started or been involved in within the community include:

* the Laboratory Informatics Institute, an open trade association with the mission of educating, standardizing, and promoting the laboratory informatics industry<ref name="LII" />
* LIMSfinder, an online interactive magazine released by the Laboratory Informatics Institute that aims to be "the best resource for information technology in the laboratory"<ref>{{cite web|title=LIMSfinder Home |url=http://www.limsfinder.com/Home.aspx |publisher=Laboratory Informatics Institute, Inc.|accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref>
* LIMSbook, a LIMS buyer’s guide released by the Laboratory Informatics Institute<ref>{{cite web|title=The LIMS Book |url=http://limsbook.com/ |publisher=Laboratory Informatics Institute, Inc.|accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref>
* LIMSforum, a LinkedIn discussion group created to facilitate the exchange of ideas and technical information across the fields of laboratory, science, and [[health informatics]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Lablynx - latest company news |url=http://www.laboratorytalk.com/news/lbl/lbl103.html |publisher=LaboratoryTalk.com |date=25 August 2009 |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=LiMS forum - Laboratory Informatics Institute user's group for LIMS, Scientific & Health Informatics |url=http://www.linkedin.com/groups?about=&gid=2069898 |publisher=LinkedIn.com |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref>
* LIMSuniversity, an open-access learning resource released by the Laboratory Informatics Institute, targeted towards laboratories and the LIMS community<ref>{{cite web|title=LiMSuniversity.com, the on-line, Open Access, Virtual Learning Center for Laboratory Informatics users and professionals |url=http://www.limsfinder.com/BlogDetail.aspx?id=35134_0_25_0_C |publisher=Laboratory Informatics Institute, Inc. |date=4 April 2011 |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref>
* LIMSwiki, a Creative Commons-licensed wiki with the goal of bringing related informatics communities together to maintain a repository of information about the industry<ref>{{cite web|title=LIMSwiki mission |url=http://limswiki.org/index.php/LIMSwiki_mission |date=2 June 2011 |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref>

==Technology and products==

LabLynx develops, supports, and markets several products for the laboratory, science, and health industries:

===ELab===

ELab is a laboratory information management system (LIMS) and collection of associated modules developed to help professionals in the scientific community manage data coming into and leaving the laboratory.<ref name="ELab1">{{cite web|title=ELab LIMS |url=http://lablynx.com/Products/ELabLIMS/tabid/240/Default.aspx |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref> The original LabLynx LIMS became known as ELab shortly before LabLynx fully separated from Atlanta Systems Consultants, Inc. in 2001.<ref name="LS_prod2" />

Over 30 different modules and functions are included with ELab, and licenses for the software are available with both onsite of offsite hosting services. LabLynx also states that ELab currently serves in many validated environments, including [[21 CFR Part 11]], College of American Pathologists (CAP), and [[ISO/IEC 17025]], in compliance with such standards as [[Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act|HIPAA]], [[Health Level 7|HL7]], STORENET, [[Food and Drug Administration|FDA]]- and [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]]-regulated [[good laboratory practice]] (GLP), and more.<ref name="ELab1" />

===webLIMS===

webLIMS is a hosted [[software as a service]] (SaaS) version of the ELab LIMS.<ref name=webAbout>{{cite web_short|url=http://www.lablynx.com/Products/webLiMScom/tabid/237/Default.aspx |title=webLIMS |publisher=LabLynx, Inc. |accessdate=03 February 2012}}</ref> LabLynx introduced the offering in March 2009, touting 35 different laboratory informatics and business applications in the hosted package.<ref name="webLIMS1" /> As with most SaaS software, LabLynx intends to reduce cost to laboratories, decrease the amount of downtime, and provide a more scalable LIMS solution with its webLIMS service.<ref name="ChemEng1" /><ref name="webAbout" />

LabLynx claims the facility it uses for hosting the webLIMS application is an "SAS70 Type II audited, ultra-safe and fully redundant data center."<ref name="webLIMS1" /> To prevent downtime due to power outages, LabLynx states that its data center has:

* parallel independent supply lines and facility circuits
* instant battery backup and transition to multiple parallel diesel turbine generators
* hardware powered by two separate feeds and a Tripp Lite instant power distribution switch to the alternative feed<ref>{{cite web|title=The webLiMS.com Data Center Facilities |url=http://lablynx.com/AboutUs/DataCenter/Facilities/tabid/248/Default.aspx |publisher=LabLynx, Inc. |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref>

===LiMStudio===

LiMStudio is a virtual desktop add-on to LabLynx’s webLIMS hosted application. It consists of a collection of 10 development tools that allow webLIMS users to modify the applications in their account to their own needs. It also allows users the ability to create their own applications to connect to the LIMS, providing a more scalable and customizable LIMS option to clients.<ref>{{cite web|title=LiMStudio.net - Hosted Developer Tools |url=http://lablynx.com/Products/DeveloperTools/tabid/242/Default.aspx |publisher=LabLynx, Inc. |accessdate=22 October 2011}}</ref>

====Product Features====

{{Ombox productfeature}}

{|
| STYLE="vertical-align:top;"|
{| class="wikitable collapsible" style="border-style:none;" background="#ffffff" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"
|-
! colspan="2"| Product: [http://www.lablynx.com/Products/ELabLIMS/tabid/240/Default.aspx ELab]
|-
| style="background-color:white; border-style:none;"| {{Databox LIMSfeature
| sample_login_man = Y<ref name="ELabAbout">{{cite web_short|url=http://www.lablynx.com/Products/ELabLIMS/tabid/240/Default.aspx |title=ELab |publisher=LabLynx, Inc. |accessdate=03 February 2012}}</ref>
| sample_track = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| sample_batch = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| task_event_sched = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| manual_entry = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| multiple_view =
| data_analysis = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| data_sharing =
| custom_fields = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| query = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| import_data = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| data_linking_int = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| data_linking_ext =
| eln_support =
| export_msexcel = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| export_raw =
| data_warehouse = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| deadline_control =
| production_control =
| project_task_man = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| inventory_man = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| document_man = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| case_man = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| workflow_man = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| spec_man =
| customer_man =
| billing_man =

| reg_compliance = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| qa_qc = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| performance_eval =
| audit_trail = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| chain_custody = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| roles_security = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| data_norm =
| data_val =
| data_encrypt =
| version_control = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| data_backup =
| enviro_monitoring =

| custom_reporting = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| report_printing = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| label_support = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| barcode_support = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| export_pdf = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| export_msword =
| export_htmlxml =
| fax_integration = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| email_integration = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />

| admin_manage =
| modular = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| instrument_inter = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| mobile_device = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| alarms_alerts = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| work_timetrack =
| voice_rec =
| external_monitor =
| messaging =
| multilingual = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| network = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| web_client = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| online_help =
| saas_model = Y<ref name="ELabAbout" />
| usage_cost =
| industries = agriculture, clinical research, environmental, food and beverage, general, law enforcement and forensic, manufacturing and R&D, pharmaceutical, public health and service
}}
|-
|}
| STYLE="vertical-align:top; padding-right:10px;"|
{| class="wikitable collapsible" style="border-style:none;" background="#ffffff" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"
|-
! colspan="2"| Product: [http://www.lablynx.com/Products/webLiMScom/tabid/237/Default.aspx webLIMS]
|-
| style="background-color:white; border-style:none;"| {{Databox LIMSfeature
| sample_login_man = Y<ref name="webMovie">{{cite web_short|url=http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/wl4/wl4.html |title=webLIMS - The Tour |publisher=LabLynx, Inc. |accessdate=03 February 2012}}</ref>
| sample_track = Y<ref name="webMovie" />
| sample_batch =
| task_event_sched =
| manual_entry =
| multiple_view =
| data_analysis =
| data_sharing =
| custom_fields =
| query = Y<ref name="webMovie" />
| import_data =
| data_linking_int =
| data_linking_ext =
| eln_support =
| export_msexcel =
| export_raw =
| data_warehouse =
| deadline_control =
| production_control =
| project_task_man =
| inventory_man =
| document_man =
| case_man =
| workflow_man =
| spec_man =
| customer_man = Y<ref name="webMovie" />
| billing_man = Y<ref name="webMovie" />

| reg_compliance =
| qa_qc = Y<ref name="webMovie" />
| performance_eval =
| audit_trail =
| chain_custody = Y<ref name="webMovie" />
| roles_security =
| data_norm =
| data_val = Y<ref name="webMovie" />
| data_encrypt =
| version_control =
| data_backup = Y<ref name="webMovie" />
| enviro_monitoring =

| custom_reporting =
| report_printing =
| label_support =
| barcode_support =
| export_pdf =
| export_msword =
| export_htmlxml =
| fax_integration =
| email_integration =

| admin_manage =
| modular =
| instrument_inter =
| mobile_device =
| alarms_alerts = Y<ref name="webMovie" />
| work_timetrack = Y<ref name="webMovie" />
| voice_rec =
| external_monitor =
| messaging =
| multilingual =
| network =
| web_client =
| online_help = Y<ref name="webMovie" />
| saas_model = Y<ref name="webMovie" />
| usage_cost =
| industries = agriculture, clinical research, environmental, food and beverage, general, law enforcement and forensic, manufacturing and R&D, pharmaceutical, public health and service
}}
|-
|}
|}

====Pricing====

Source for pricing information is the 2012 LIMS Buyer's Guide.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.limsbook.com/ |title=LIMS Buyer's Guide |author=Jones, John; Alan Vaughan |publisher=Laboratory Informatics Institute, Inc. |year=2012}}</ref> As prices may change at any time, always contact the vendor directly to obtain a price list or quote.

{|
| STYLE="vertical-align:top;"|
{| class="wikitable collapsible" border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
|-
! colspan="5"| LIMS Product Price List
|-
! style="color:brown; background-color:#ffffee;"| Part number
! style="color:brown; background-color:#ffffee;"| Description
! style="color:brown; background-color:#ffffee;"| Number of concurrent users
! style="color:brown; background-color:#ffffee;"| Price
! style="color:brown; background-color:#ffffee;"| Unit Price
|-
| '''LLX-ELBS-01'''
| style="background-color:white;" |ELab SQL Edition for 1 Concurrent User
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|1
| style="background-color:white;" |$5,000
| style="background-color:white;" |$5,000
|-
| '''LLX-ELBS-02'''
| style="background-color:white;" |ELab SQL Edition for 2 Concurrent Users
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|2
| style="background-color:white;" |$9,500
| style="background-color:white;" |$4,750
|-
| '''LLX-ELBS-05'''
| style="background-color:white;" |ELab SQL Edition for 5 Concurrent Users
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|5
| style="background-color:white;" |$21,500
| style="background-color:white;" |$4,300
|-
| '''LLX-ELBS-10'''
| style="background-color:white;" |ELab SQL Edition for 10 Concurrent Users
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|10
| style="background-color:white;" |$32,000
| style="background-color:white;" |$3,200
|-
| '''LLX-ELBS-25'''
| style="background-color:white;" |ELab SQL Edition for 25 Concurrent Users
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|25
| style="background-color:white;" |$75,000
| style="background-color:white;" |$3,000
|-
| '''LLX-ELBS-50'''
| style="background-color:white;" |ELab SQL Edition for 50 Concurrent Users
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|50
| style="background-color:white;" |$140,000
| style="background-color:white;" |$2,800
|-
| '''LLX-ELBS-UL'''
| style="background-color:white;" |ELab SQL Edition for Unlimited Concurrent Users
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|Unlimited
| style="background-color:white;" |$275,000
| style="background-color:white;" |
|-
| '''LLX-ELBO-10'''
| style="background-color:white;" |ELab Oracle Edition for 10 Concurrent Users
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|10
| style="background-color:white;" |$65,000
| style="background-color:white;" |$6,500
|-
| '''LLX-ELBO-25'''
| style="background-color:white;" |ELab Oracle Edition for 25 Concurrent Users
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|25
| style="background-color:white;" |$150,000
| style="background-color:white;" |$6,000
|-
| '''LLX-ELBO-50'''
| style="background-color:white;" |ELab Oracle Edition for 50 Concurrent Users
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|50
| style="background-color:white;" |$250,000
| style="background-color:white;" |$5,000
|-
| '''LLX-ELBO-UL'''
| style="background-color:white;" |ELab Oracle Edition for Unlimited Concurrent Users
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|Unlimited
| style="background-color:white;" |$475,000
| style="background-color:white;" |
|-
| '''LLX-WLM-01'''
| style="background-color:white;" |webLIMS.com (SaaS) Edition for 1 Concurrent User (Prices quoted are per month.)
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|1
| style="background-color:white;" |$300
| style="background-color:white;" |$300
|-
| '''LLX-WLM-02'''
| style="background-color:white;" |webLIMS.com (SaaS) Edition for 2 Concurrent Users (Prices quoted are per month.)
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|2
| style="background-color:white;" |$500
| style="background-color:white;" |$250
|-
| '''LLX-WLM-05'''
| style="background-color:white;" |webLIMS.com (SaaS) Edition for 5 Concurrent Users (Prices quoted are per month.)
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|5
| style="background-color:white;" |$800
| style="background-color:white;" |$160
|-
| '''LLX-WLM-10'''
| style="background-color:white;" |webLIMS.com (SaaS) Edition for 10 Concurrent Users (Prices quoted are per month.)
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|10
| style="background-color:white;" |$1,250
| style="background-color:white;" |$125
|-
| '''LLX-WLM-25'''
| style="background-color:white;" |webLIMS.com (SaaS) Edition for 25 Concurrent Users (Prices quoted are per month.)
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|25
| style="background-color:white;" |$2,500
| style="background-color:white;" |$100
|-
| '''LLX-WLM-50'''
| style="background-color:white;" |webLIMS.com (SaaS) Edition for 50 Concurrent Users (Prices quoted are per month.)
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|50
| style="background-color:white;" |$4,000
| style="background-color:white;" |$80
|-
| '''LLX-WLM-UL'''
| style="background-color:white;" |webLIMS.com (SaaS) Edition for Unlimited Concurrent Users (Prices quoted are per month.)
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"|Unlimited
| style="background-color:white;" |$7,500
| style="background-color:white;" |
|-
|}
|}

{|
| STYLE="vertical-align:top;"|
{| class="wikitable collapsible" border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" width="900"
|-
! colspan="6"| LIMS Maintenance, Warranty, Support, and Service Plans
|-
! style="color:brown; background-color:#ffffee;"| Maintenance and support plans
! style="color:brown; background-color:#ffffee;"| Maintenance
! style="color:brown; background-color:#ffffee;"| Annual service and support hours incl.
! style="color:brown; background-color:#ffffee;"| Support hours
! style="color:brown; background-color:#ffffee;"| Maintenance, support, and service costs
! style="color:brown; background-color:#ffffee;"| Special notes
|-
| '''Bronze'''
| style="background-color:white;" | One year of unlimited updates and upgrades plus warranty
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"| 4
| style="background-color:white;" | 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. EST, excluding holidays
| style="background-color:white;" | 15% of total license fee; minimum $3,500 per year; hourly services and support at $185/hour
| style="background-color:white;" | This plan is included at no charge to all webLIMS accounts with 1–9 concurrent users.
|-
| '''Silver'''
| style="background-color:white;" | One year of unlimited updates and upgrades plus warranty
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"| 16
| style="background-color:white;" | 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. EST, excluding holidays
| style="background-color:white;" | 15% of total license fee; minimum $4,500 per year; hourly services and support at $175/hour
| style="background-color:white;" | This plan is included at no charge to all webLIMS accounts with 10–24 concurrent users.
|-
| '''Gold'''
| style="background-color:white;" | One year of unlimited updates and upgrades plus warranty
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"| 24
| style="background-color:white;" | 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. EST, excluding holidays
| style="background-color:white;" | 15% of total license fee; minimum $7,500 per year; hourly services and support at $150/hour
| style="background-color:white;" | This plan is included at no charge to all webLIMS accounts with 25–74 concurrent users.
|-
| '''Platinum'''
| style="background-color:white;" | One year of unlimited updates and upgrades plus warranty
| style="background-color:white;" align="center"| 40
| style="background-color:white;" | 24 hours per day, 7 days per week
| style="background-color:white;" | 15% of total license fee; minimum $20,000 per year; hourly services and support at $125/hour
| style="background-color:white;" | This plan is included at no charge to all webLIMS accounts with 75+ concurrent users.
|-
|}
|}

====Demonstration videos and other media====

The following demonstration videos are available for ELab and webLIMS:

* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/p3/Presentation_Files/index.html LabLynx: A Guide to the Company]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/eBooks/Movies/p4/Presentation_Files/index.html LIMS: The Laboratory ERP]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/Movies/d100/d100.html LIMS and ISO 17025]
* [http://www.lablynx.com/webcasts/cda/Presentation_Files/index.html The LabLynx ELab LIMS for Agriculture Labs]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d7/d7.html The LabLynx ELab LIMS for Water/Wastewater and Environmental Labs]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/p13/Presentation_Files/index.html The LabLynx ELab LIMS for Medical Examiners]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/eBooks/Movies/p2/Presentation_Files/index.html The LabLynx ELab LIMS for Pharmaceutical Labs]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/Movies/t4/t4.html ELab - Key Functions and Topics]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/Movies/d108/d108.html ELab: FOG Functionality]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d11/d11.html ELab: Sample Login and Receiving in ELab]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d140/d140.html ELab: Sample Receiving – In Depth]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/Movies/d102/d102.html ELab: Local and Remote Accessioning]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/Movies/d104/d104.html ELab: Data Entry - Manual, Bulk, Importing, and Instrument Interfaces]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/Movies/d105/d105.html ELab: External Interfaces, Queries, and Exporting Data]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/Movies/d106/d106.html ELab: Case Coordination]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d139/d139.html ELab: Project Receiving]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/eBooks/Movies/d14/d14.html ELab: Benchsheets]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d163/d163.html ELab: Analysis Price Quoting and Invoicing]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/Movies/d103/d103.html ELab: Invoicing - Special Pricing, Editing and Tracking Invoices]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d161/d161.html ELab: e-Signatures]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d162/d162.html ELab: Password Management and Session Timeout]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d166/d166.html ELab: Work Assignment and Tracking]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d23/d23.html ELab: Inventory of Stocks, Standards, and Reagents]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d172/d172.html ELab: Creating Storage Locations]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d188/d188.html ELab: Changing Field Captions and Labels]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/eBooks/Movies/d24/d24.html ELab: Instrument Calibration and Maintenance Management]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d26/d26.html ELab: Creating and Editing Custom Reports]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/eBooks/Movies/d31/d31.html ELab: Tracking and Versioning Reports]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d34/d34.html ELab: Security Access Control]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d35/d35.html ELab: Audit Trail]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/eBooks/Movies/d37/d37.html ELab: Results Trending, QC Charting, and Limits Update]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d40/d40.html ELab: Analyte and Test Group Management]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d75/d75.html ELab: Creating and Managing Picklists]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d93/d93.html ELab: System Setup]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/d98/d98.html ELab: Training Management and Certification Tracking]
* [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/Movies/f1/f1.html ELab: Forensic Case Management]

====Additional information====

==External links==
* [http://www.lablynx.com/ Official website]
* [http://www.limsuniversity.com/ LIMSuniversity site]
* [http://www.limsfinder.com/ LIMSfinder site]
* [http://www.limswiki.org/ LIMSwiki site]

==References==
<references/>


[[Category:Agriculture LIMS]]
[[Category:Clinical research LIMS]]
[[Category:Environmental LIMS]]
[[Category:Food and beverage LIMS]]
[[Category:General LIMS]]
[[Category:LabLynx, Inc]]
[[Category:Law enforcement and forensic LIMS]]
[[Category:LIMS vendor]]
[[Category:Manufacturing and R&D LIMS]]
[[Category:Pharmaceutical LIMS]]
[[Category:Public health and service LIMS]]

User talk:Maggoins

2012-07-30T20:40:32Z

LIMSinstitute: Welcome!

'''Welcome to ''LIMSWiki''!'''
We hope you will contribute much and well.
Please be mindful to make all contributions as accurate as possible.

You will probably want to read the [[Help:Contents|help pages]].
Don't hesitate to ask for assistance on the creation of your own page, as well as whatever else you would like to contribute.

We hope that '''LIMSWiki''' will become the go-to source for all your information needs regarding everything related to LIMS, whether it be a company, information on a specific industry topic, or even just a definition of a simple abbreviation!!
Stay ahead of the game, and be informed.

Again, welcome and have fun! [[User:LIMSinstitute|LIMSinstitute]] 16:40, 30 July 2012 (EDT)

User talk:Nathanchristenson

2012-07-30T20:40:08Z

LIMSinstitute: Welcome!

User talk:Rjoseph

2012-05-21T12:15:24Z

LIMSinstitute: Welcome!

User talk:Felix

2012-05-21T12:15:12Z

LIMSinstitute: Welcome!

User talk:TC

2012-05-10T12:30:45Z

LIMSinstitute: Welcome!

User talk:Orsyx

2012-05-09T12:16:42Z

LIMSinstitute: Welcome!

User talk:Nevillle

2012-05-09T12:16:15Z

LIMSinstitute: Welcome!

User talk:Bioitech

2012-05-03T12:23:35Z

LIMSinstitute: Welcome!

User talk:Deardleyharris

2012-04-30T12:33:59Z

LIMSinstitute: Welcome!

User talk:Mmaglothin

2012-04-23T12:15:54Z

LIMSinstitute: Welcome!

User talk:SteveK

2012-04-23T12:15:35Z

LIMSinstitute: Welcome!

Vendor talk:Lean RP

2012-04-09T12:11:44Z

LIMSinstitute: Welcome!

User talk:Shivraghavan

2012-04-09T12:11:29Z

LIMSinstitute: Welcome!

User talk:Wbloniarz

2012-04-06T12:12:48Z

LIMSinstitute: Welcome!

User talk:Ynum

2012-04-02T12:14:54Z

LIMSinstitute: Welcome!

User talk:Rickmichels

2012-03-15T18:00:52Z

LIMSinstitute: Welcome!

User talk:Yvonnesherlock

2012-03-09T13:17:20Z

LIMSinstitute: Welcome!

User talk:Labscout

2012-03-09T13:16:48Z

LIMSinstitute: Welcome!

User talk:Biomeddx

2012-03-09T13:15:44Z

LIMSinstitute: Welcome!

User talk:Atgclabs

2012-03-01T13:17:05Z

LIMSinstitute: Welcome!

User talk:Asouza

2012-02-29T13:17:43Z

LIMSinstitute: Welcome!

User talk:Saparna

2012-02-29T13:17:25Z

LIMSinstitute: Welcome!

User talk:Meghana

2012-01-03T14:20:33Z

LIMSinstitute: Welcome!

User talk:Tangs

2011-12-23T15:46:25Z

LIMSinstitute: Welcome!

User talk:Echemistry

2011-12-15T16:06:51Z

LIMSinstitute: Welcome!

Vendor:LabLynx, Inc.

2011-11-22T14:05:18Z

LIMSinstitute:

{{Infobox company
| name = LabLynx Inc
| logo = [[Image:Lablynx.jpg|200px|link=http://www.lablynx.com]]
| caption = LabLynx logo
| type = Private Company
| foundation = Atlanta, Georgia (2000)
| founder = [[John H Jones]]
| location = 2400 Lake Park Drive Smyrna, Georgia United States
| industry = Laboratory Informatics
| products = ELab Laboratory Information Management Systems (LIMS)
| homepage = [http://www.lablynx.com LabLynx Inc]
}}

'''LabLynx, Inc.''' is a privately owned, funded and managed company. The company was spun off from an IT consulting company in July of 2000 after being a division of that parent company since 1997. The spin off was executed by the IT consulting company selling off the LabLynx division to a private, family investment group. LabLynx was then formally incorporated in July of 2000, in the State of Georgia. LabLynx is debt-free and operates with a healthy positive cash flow. Details are available in confidentiality upon specific request.

==History==
[[Image:Lablynx history.png|600px|center|Our History]]

The timeline above illustrates the history of LabLynx, Inc., from initial development in 1995/96, through introduction of the world’s first true web browser-based [[LIMS]] in 1997, and continual leading edge technological progression. Today, as ever, we lead the industry in adopting SOA and the general XML-based paradigms which the largest and most advanced companies like Yahoo, Google, Microsoft and others are committed to. Our implementation and support have always been comprehensive from the start, but we also offer our services a la carte, so that you can decide the most economical/efficient balance between your own personnel and ours.

We constantly strive to improve not only our products and services, but even our delivery methods. LabLynx is alone in offering choices of system delivery, with options regarding licensing:

#Purchase license, host on your server
#Purchase license, host at LabLynx state-of-the-art Data Center
#Subscribe (SaaS), host at LabLynx Data Center (no license fee)

The core LabLynx team has combined software development and laboratory management experience of over 75 years. LabLynx spent nearly 10 man-years of development creating a system that is like no other [[Laboratory informatics|Laboratory Informatics]] System today. It has been built from the ground up to provide a long lasting value to our laboratory customers. LabLynx developed the latest version of the LabLynx Informatics Server with key partner customers in Joint Application Development, so that it represents real world functionality and reliability. It currently serves in many validated environments, including 21 CFR part 11, CAP, ISO/IEC 17025, FDA and EPA-regulated and GALP, in compliance with such standards as HIPAA, HL7, STORENETS and more.

==Elab==
Out-of-the-box, the LabLynx [[ELab]] LIMS suite provides our customers with a full range of functionality, modules, and components that allows each laboratory to manage its own unique workflow, user interface, and data handling. The use of Internet technology allows LabLynx to deliver cost-effective, powerful solutions to meet the operational needs, enterprise-wide information sharing, and functionality requirements for laboratories in the manufacturing, agricultural, water/wastewater, forensics, food & beverage, environmental, petrochemical and pharmaceutical industries.

LabLynx knows that the technology foundation that is chosen for our customers' Informatics Solution, will directly impact its usefulness both now and in the future. That is why the LabLynx [[Informatics]] Server architecture and technology foundation protects our customers' investments now and in the future. The [[ELab]] suite is built using industry standard tools and readily available components in a Data-Driven, Service-Oriented Architecture. It is an integration of multiple applications and components into a single cohesive framework. This offers our customers the flexibility to easily update or change their system as they see fit.

==How We Function==
From the beginning, LabLynx has taken a different approach to building our company. To better understand our customers' needs, we built a team of laboratory, engineering, and business professionals to help design and develop LIMS solutions that are used by laboratory professionals from all industries. Our team includes laboratory professionals with experience as chemists, lab project managers, laboratory QA/QC officers, commercial laboratory managers and chemical and process engineers.

This experience allows us to have valuable first-hand understanding of the processes, workflows, and mandatory regulatory requirements that laboratories must observe.

LabLynx works with all of our clients as partners and stakeholders in our joint success. Services such as requirements gathering, Gap Analysis, installation and setup assistance, report writing, instrument and external application interfacing, data migration, and training help ensure a successful implementation and rewarding Return On Investment for the customer. And we work with each customer individually to provide just the right combination of services and product to tailor the LIMS solution to their unique and specific requirements and preferences.

This approach has proved to be a winning one for all involved. In the past three years, during difficult economic times generally as many businesses have struggled and far too many failed, LabLynx has doubled its revenue each year. More and more, labs are beginning to understand that it is no longer necessary to spend six and seven figures on a [[LIMS]]. The LabLynx [[ELab]] LIMS offers full enterprise-class functionality for any size lab, from single users to multi-site global corporations, at a fraction of traditionally overhead-heavy pricing. This is achieved through the use of efficient, transparent business methods and the leveraging of effective, leading edge technology.

For an entertaining and informative short presentation about our company, please [http://files.mylablynx.com/share/ebooks/movies/p3/Presentation_Files/index.html click on this URL]


[[Category:Agriculture LIMS]]
[[Category:Clinical research LIMS]]
[[Category:Environmental LIMS]]
[[Category:Food and beverage LIMS]]
[[Category:General LIMS]]
[[Category:LabLynx, Inc]]
[[Category:Law enforcement and forensic LIMS]]
[[Category:LIMS vendor]]
[[Category:Manufacturing and R&D LIMS]]
[[Category:Pharmaceutical LIMS]]
[[Category:Public health and service LIMS]]

User talk:Promium

2011-11-21T12:50:36Z

LIMSinstitute: Welcome!

User talk:Asystance

2011-11-21T12:50:10Z

LIMSinstitute: Welcome!

User talk:Mbraspen

2011-10-25T21:16:33Z

LIMSinstitute: Welcome!

User talk:Adityapatkar

2011-09-07T14:56:08Z

LIMSinstitute: Welcome!

User talk:Rjones

2011-09-07T13:44:08Z

LIMSinstitute: Welcome!

Cloud computing

2011-08-18T17:42:35Z

LIMSinstitute: Updating Links

{{pp-move-indef}}
[[File:Cloud computing.svg|400px|thumb|Cloud computing logical diagram]]
''Cloud computing''' is the delivery of computing as a service rather than a product, whereby shared resources, software and information are provided to computers and other devices as a utility (like the electricity grid) over a network (typically the Internet).

==Overview==
Cloud computing provides computation, software, data access, and storage services that do not require end-user knowledge of the physical location and configuration of the system that delivers the services. Parallels to this concept can be drawn with the electricity grid, wherein end-users consume power without needing to understand the component devices or infrastructure required to provide the service.

The concept of cloud computing fills a perpetual need of IT: a way to increase capacity or add capabilities on the fly without investing in new infrastructure, training new personnel, or licensing new software. Cloud computing encompasses any subscription-based or pay-per-use service that, in real time over the Internet, extends IT's existing capabilities.{{Citation needed|date=August 2011}}

Cloud computing describes a new supplement, consumption, and delivery model for IT services based on Internet protocols, and it typically involves provisioning of dynamically scalable and often virtualized resources<ref name="gartner">{{Cite web|url=http://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=707508 |title=Gartner Says Cloud Computing Will Be As Influential As E-business |publisher=Gartner.com |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref><ref name="really">{{Cite web|url=http://www.infoworld.com/d/cloud-computing/what-cloud-computing-really-means-031|title=What cloud computing really means|last=Gruman|first=Galen|date=2008-04-07|work=InfoWorld|accessdate=2009-06-02}}</ref> It is a byproduct and consequence of the ease-of-access to remote computing sites provided by the Internet.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.economist.com/displaystory.cfm?story_id=14637206|title=Cloud Computing: Clash of the clouds|date=2009-10-15|publisher=The Economist|accessdate=2009-11-03}}</ref> This may take the form of web-based tools or applications that users can access and use through a web browser as if they were programs installed locally on their own computers.<ref name="simple">[http://www.cloudcomputingdefined.com/ Cloud Computing Defined] 17 July 2010. Retrieved 26 July 2010.</ref>

Cloud computing providers deliver applications via the internet, which are accessed from a Web browser, while the business software and data are stored on servers at a remote location. In some cases, legacy applications (line of business applications that until now have been prevalent in thin client Windows computing) are delivered via a screen-sharing technology, while the computing resources are consolidated at a remote data center location; in other cases, entire business applications have been coded using web-based technologies such as AJAX.

Most cloud computing infrastructures consist of services delivered through shared data-centers and appearing as a single point of access for consumers' computing needs. Commercial offerings may be required to meet service level agreements (SLAs), but specific terms are less often negotiated by smaller companies.<ref name="ccpaper">{{Cite journal
|first= Rajkumar |last=Buyya|coauthors= Chee Shin Yeo, Srikumar Venugopal| title = Market-Oriented Cloud Computing: Vision, Hype, and Reality for Delivering IT Services as Computing Utilities
| pages = 9| publisher = Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, University of Melbourne, Australia| url = http://www.gridBus.org/~raj/papers/hpcc2008_keynote_cloudcomputing.pdf
| format = PDF| accessdate = 2008-07-31}}</ref>

===Comparisons===

Cloud computing shares characteristics with:

* Autonomic computing — Computer systems capable of self-management."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.datacenterknowledge.com/archives/2008/Mar/25/whats_in_a_name_utility_vs_cloud_vs_grid.html |title=What's In A Name? Utility vs. Cloud vs Grid |publisher=Datacenterknowledge.com |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>
* Client–server model — ''Client–Server Computing'' refers broadly to any [[distributed application]] that distinguishes between service providers (servers) and service requesters (clients).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://java.sun.com/developer/Books/jdbc/ch07.pdf|publisher=Sun Microsystem|title=Distributed Application Architecture|accessdate=2009-06-16}}</ref>
* Grid computing — "A form of [[distributed computing]] and [[parallel computing]], whereby a 'super and virtual computer' is composed of a cluster of networked, loosely coupled computers acting in concert to perform very large tasks."
* Mainframe computer — Powerful computers used mainly by large organizations for critical applications, typically bulk data processing such as census, industry and consumer statistics, enterprise resource planning, and financial transaction processing.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com/mainframe-blog/sun-cto-cloud-computing-is-like-the-mainframe/ |title=Sun CTO: Cloud computing is like the mainframe |publisher=Itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com |date=2009-03-11 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>
* Utility computing — The "packaging of computing resources, such as computation and storage, as a metered service similar to a traditional public utility, such as electricity."<ref name="It's you've ">{{Cite web|url=http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1496091.1496100&coll=&dl=ACM&CFID=21518680&CFTOKEN=18800807|title=It's probable that you've misunderstood 'Cloud Computing' until now | publisher= TechPluto |accessdate=2010-09-14}}</ref>
* Peer-to-peer — Distributed architecture without the need for central coordination, with participants being at the same time both suppliers and consumers of resources (in contrast to the traditional client–server model).
* Service-oriented computing – Cloud computing provides services related to computing while, in a reciprocal manner, service-oriented computing consists of the computing techniques that operate on software-as-a-service.<ref name="Service-oriented Computing and Cloud Computing: Challenges and Opportunities">{{Cite web|url=http://www.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/doi/10.1109/MIC.2010.147|title=Service-Oriented Computing and Cloud Computing: Challenges and Opportunities | publisher= IEEE Internet Computing |accessdate=2010-12-04}}</ref>

===Characteristics===



Cloud computing exhibits the following key characteristics:
* '''Agility''' improves with users' ability to re-provision technological infrastructure resources.
* '''Application Programming Interface''' (API) accessibility to software that enables machines to interact with cloud software in the same way the user interface facilitates interaction between humans and computers. Cloud computing systems typically use REST-based APIs.
* '''Cost''' is claimed to be reduced and in a public cloud delivery model capital expenditure is converted to operational expenditure.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cloudave.com/link/recession-is-good-for-cloud-computing-microsoft-agrees |title=Recession Is Good For Cloud Computing – Microsoft Agrees |publisher=CloudAve |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref> This is purported to lower barriers to entry, as infrastructure is typically provided by a third-party and does not need to be purchased for one-time or infrequent intensive computing tasks. Pricing on a utility computing basis is fine-grained with usage-based options and fewer IT skills are required for implementation (in-house).<ref name="idc">{{Cite web|url=http://blogs.idc.com/ie/?p=190 |title=Defining "Cloud Services" and "Cloud Computing" |publisher=IDC |date=2008-09-23 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>
* '''Device and location independence'''<ref name="yarmis">{{Cite web|last=Farber |first=Dan |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-13953_3-9977049-80.html |title=The new geek chic: Data centers |publisher=CNET News |date=2008-06-25 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref> enable users to access systems using a web browser regardless of their location or what device they are using (e.g., PC, mobile phone). As infrastructure is off-site (typically provided by a third-party) and accessed via the Internet, users can connect from anywhere.<ref name="idc" />
* '''Multi-tenancy''' enables sharing of resources and costs across a large pool of users thus allowing for:
** '''Centralization''' of infrastructure in locations with lower costs (such as real estate, electricity, etc.)
** '''Peak-load capacity''' increases (users need not engineer for highest possible load-levels)
** '''Utilization and efficiency''' improvements for systems that are often only 10–20% utilized.<ref name="amazon"/>
* '''Reliability''' is improved if multiple redundant sites are used, which makes well-designed cloud computing suitable for [[business continuity]] and [[disaster recovery]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=King |first=Rachael |url=http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/aug2008/tc2008083_619516.htm |title=Cloud Computing: Small Companies Take Flight |publisher=Businessweek |date=2008-08-04 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>
* '''Scalability''' and Elasticity via dynamic ("on-demand") provisioning of resources on a fine-grained, self-service basis near real-time, without users having to engineer for peak loads. <ref>{{cite web|title=Defining and Measuring Cloud Elasticity|url=http://digbib.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de/volltexte/1000023476|publisher=KIT Software Quality Departement|accessdate=13 August 2011}}</ref>
* '''Performance''' is monitored, and consistent and loosely coupled architectures are constructed using web services as the system interface.<ref name="idc" />
* '''Security''' could improve due to centralization of data, increased security-focused resources, etc., but concerns can persist about loss of control over certain sensitive data, and the lack of security for stored kernels.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cryptoclarity.com/CryptoClarityLLC/Welcome/Entries/2009/7/23_Encrypted_Storage_and_Key_Management_for_the_cloud.html |title=Encrypted Storage and Key Management for the cloud |publisher=Cryptoclarity.com |date=2009-07-30 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref> Security is often as good as or better than under traditional systems, in part because providers are able to devote resources to solving security issues that many customers cannot afford.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mills |first=Elinor |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-1009_3-10150569-83.html |title=Cloud computing security forecast: Clear skies |publisher=CNET News |date=2009-01-27 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref> However, the complexity of security is greatly increased when data is distributed over a wider area or greater number of devices and in multi-tenant systems that are being shared by unrelated users. In addition, user access to security [[audit log]]s may be difficult or impossible. Private cloud installations are in part motivated by users' desire to retain control over the infrastructure and avoid losing control of information security.
* '''Maintenance''' of cloud computing applications is easier, because they do not need to be installed on each user's computer. They are easier to support and to improve, as the changes reach the clients instantly.

===Architecture===
[[File:CloudComputingSampleArchitecture.svg|thumb|325px|right|Cloud computing sample architecture]]

''Cloud architecture'',<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://developer.amazonwebservices.com/connect/entry.jspa?externalID=1632&categoryID=100 |title=Building GrepTheWeb in the Cloud, Part 1: Cloud Architectures |publisher=Developer.amazonwebservices.com |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref> the systems architecture of the software systems involved in the delivery of cloud computing, typically involves multiple ''cloud components'' communicating with each other over loose coupling mechanism such as messaging queue.

==History==
The term "cloud" is used as a metaphor for the Internet, based on the cloud drawing used in the past to represent the telephone network,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sellsbrothers.com/writing/intro2tapi/default.aspx?content=pstn.htm |title=Writing & Speaking |publisher=Sellsbrothers.com |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref> and later to depict the Internet in computer network diagrams as an abstraction of the underlying infrastructure it represents.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thestandard.com/article/0,1902,5466,00.html |title=The Internet Cloud |publisher=Thestandard.com |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>

Cloud computing is a natural evolution of the widespread adoption of virtualization, service-oriented architecture, autonomic, and utility computing. Details are abstracted from end-users, who no longer have need for expertise in, or control over, the technology infrastructure "in the cloud" that supports them.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Danielson |first=Krissi |url=http://www.ebizq.net/blogs/saasweek/2008/03/distinguishing_cloud_computing/ |title=Distinguishing Cloud Computing from Utility Computing |publisher=Ebizq.net |date=2008-03-26 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>

The underlying concept of cloud computing dates back to the 1960s, when John McCarthy opined that "computation may someday be organized as a [[public utility]]." Almost all the modern-day characteristics of cloud computing (elastic provision, provided as a utility, online, illusion of infinite supply), the comparison to the electricity industry and the use of public, private, government, and community forms, were thoroughly explored in Douglas Parkhill's 1966 book, ''The Challenge of the Computer Utility''.

The actual term "cloud" borrows from telephony in that telecommunications companies, who until the 1990s offered primarily dedicated point-to-point data circuits, began offering [[Virtual Private Network]] (VPN) services with comparable quality of service but at a much lower cost. By switching traffic to balance utilization as they saw fit, they were able to utilize their overall network bandwidth more effectively. The cloud symbol was used to denote the demarcation point between that which was the responsibility of the provider and that which was the responsibility of the user. Cloud computing extends this boundary to cover servers as well as the network infrastructure.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mirror.switch.ch/ftp/doc/ietf/ipatm/atm-minutes-93jul.txt |title=July, 1993 meeting report from the IP over ATM working group of the IETF |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>

After the dot-com bubble, Amazon played a key role in the development of cloud computing by modernizing their data centers, which, like most computer networks, were using as little as 10% of their capacity at any one time, just to leave room for occasional spikes. Having found that the new cloud architecture resulted in significant internal efficiency improvements whereby small, fast-moving "two-pizza teams" could add new features faster and more easily, Amazon initiated a new product development effort to provide cloud computing to external customers, and launched Amazon Web Service (AWS) on a utility computing basis in 2006.<ref name="amazon">[http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/06_46/b4009001.htm Jeff Bezos' Risky Bet].</ref><ref name="AWS">[http://itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com/cloud-computing/2010/06/17/amazons-early-efforts-at-cloud-computing-partly-accidental/].</ref>

In early 2008, Eucalyptus became the first open-source, AWS API-compatible platform for deploying private clouds. In early 2008, OpenNebula, enhanced in the RESERVOIR European Commission-funded project, became the first open-source software for deploying private and hybrid clouds, and for the federation of clouds.<ref>B. Rochwerger, J. Caceres, R.S. Montero, D. Breitgand, E. Elmroth, A. Galis, E. Levy, I.M. Llorente, K. Nagin, Y. Wolfsthal, E. Elmroth, J. Caceres, M. Ben-Yehuda, W. Emmerich, F. Galan. "The RESERVOIR Model and Architecture for Open Federated Cloud Computing", IBM Journal of Research and Development, Vol. 53, No. 4. (2009)</ref> In the same year, efforts were focused on providing QoS guarantees (as required by real-time interactive applications) to cloud-based infrastructures, in the framework of the IRMOS European Commission-funded project.<ref>D. Kyriazis, A. Menychtas, G. Kousiouris, K. Oberle, T. Voith, M. Boniface, E. Oliveros, T. Cucinotta, S. Berger, “A Real-time Service Oriented Infrastructure”, International Conference on Real-Time and Embedded Systems (RTES 2010), Singapore, November 2010</ref> By mid-2008, Gartner saw an opportunity for cloud computing "to shape the relationship among consumers of IT services, those who use IT services and those who sell them"<ref>[http://www.networkworld.com/newsletters/itlead/2008/070708itlead1.html Keep an eye on cloud computing], Amy Schurr, Network World, 2008-07-08, citing the Gartner report, "Cloud Computing Confusion Leads to Opportunity". Retrieved 2009-09-11.</ref> and observed that "organisations are switching from company-owned hardware and software assets to per-use service-based models" so that the "projected shift to cloud computing ... will result in dramatic growth in IT products in some areas and significant reductions in other areas."<ref>[http://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=742913 Gartner Says Worldwide IT Spending On Pace to Surpass Trillion in 2008], Gartner, 2008-08-18. Retrieved 2009-09-11.</ref>

==Layers==
Once an Internet Protocol connection is established among several computers, it is possible to share services within any one of the following layers.

[[File:Cloud Computing Stack.svg|right|250px]]

===Client===
A ''cloud client'' consists of [[computer hardware]] and/or [[computer software]] that relies on cloud computing for application delivery and that is in essence useless without it. Examples include some [[computers]], phones and other devices, [[operating systems]], and [[Internet browser|browsers]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Claburn |first=Thomas |url=http://www.informationweek.com/news/software/web_services/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=222200331 |title=Google Reveals Nexus One 'Super Phone' |publisher=InformationWeek |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gigaom.com/2008/06/22/what-makes-a-good-cloud-computer/ |title=What Makes a Cloud Computer? |publisher=Gigaom.com |date=2008-06-22 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=by Brian BraikerSeptember 02, 2008 |url=http://www.newsweek.com/id/156911 |title=The Cloud's Chrome Lining |publisher=Newsweek.com |date=2008-09-02 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>

===Application===
Cloud application services or "[[Software as a Service]] (SaaS)" deliver software as a service over the Internet, eliminating the need to install and run the application on the customer's own computers and simplifying maintenance and support.

===Platform===
Cloud platform services, also known as [[Platform as a service|Platform as a Service]] (PaaS), deliver a computing platform and/or solution stack as a service, often consuming cloud infrastructure and sustaining cloud applications.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.eccentex.com/platform/workflow.html |title=An example of a 'Cloud Platform' for building applications |publisher=Eccentex.com |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref> It facilitates deployment of applications without the cost and complexity of buying and managing the underlying hardware and software layers.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Jack Schofield |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2008/apr/17/google.software |title=Google angles for business users with 'platform as a service' |publisher=Guardian |date= 2008-04-17|accessdate=2010-08-22 | location=London}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://aws.typepad.com/aws/2008/06/the-forthcoming.html |title=The Emerging Cloud Service Architecture |publisher=Aws.typepad.com |date=2008-06-03 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>

===Infrastructure===
Cloud infrastructure services, also known as Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), deliver computer [[infrastructure]] – typically a platform virtualization environment – as a service, along with raw (block) storage and networking. Rather than purchasing servers, software, data-center space or network equipment, clients instead buy those resources as a fully outsourced service. Suppliers typically bill such services on a utility computing basis; the amount of resources consumed (and therefore the cost) will typically reflect the level of activity.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://searchstorage.techtarget.com/news/article/0,289142,sid5_gci1301852,00.html |title=EMC buys Pi and forms a cloud computing group |publisher=Searchstorage.techtarget.com |date=2008-02-21 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>

===Server===
The servers layer consists of [[computer hardware]] and/or computer software products that are specifically designed for the delivery of cloud services, including multi-core processors, cloud-specific operating systems and combined offerings.<ref name="nimbus">[http://workspace.globus.org/vm/TP2.1/doc/cloud.html Nimbus Cloud Guide]{{Dead link|date=August 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Myslewski |first=Rik |url=http://www.theregister.co.uk/2009/12/02/intel_scc/ |title=Intel puts cloud on single megachip |publisher=Theregister.co.uk |date=2009-12-02 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Duffy |first=Jim |url=http://www.infoworld.com/d/cloud-computing/cisco-unveils-cloud-computing-platform-service-providers-113 |title=Cisco unveils cloud computing platform for service providers |publisher=Infoworld.com |date=2009-05-12 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref><ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/28/technology/28soft.html Microsoft Plans 'Cloud' Operating System]</ref>

==Deployment models==

[[File:Cloud computing types.svg|thumb|395px|right|Cloud computing types]]

===Public cloud===
Public cloud describes cloud computing in the traditional mainstream sense, whereby resources are dynamically provisioned to the general public on a fine-grained, self-service basis over the Internet, via web applications/web services, from an off-site third-party provider who bills on a fine-grained utility computing basis.<ref name="idc"/>

===Community cloud===
Community cloud shares infrastructure between several organisations from a specific community with common concerns (security, compliance, jurisdiction, etc.), whether managed internally or by a third-party and hosted internally or externally. The costs are spread over fewer users than a public cloud (but more than a private cloud), so only some of the benefits of cloud computing are realised.<ref name=nist />

===Hybrid cloud ===
Hybrid cloud is a composition of two or more clouds (private, community, or public) that remain unique entities but are bound together, offering the benefits of multiple deployment models.<ref name=nist>{{cite web|title=The NIST Definition of Cloud Computing (Draft)|url=http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/drafts/800-145/Draft-SP-800-145_cloud-definition.pdf|publisher=National Institute of Science and Technology|accessdate=24 July 2011}}</ref>

===Private cloud===
Private cloud is infrastructure operated solely for a single organisation, whether managed internally or by a third-party and hosted internally or externally.<ref name=nist />

They have attracted criticism because users "still have to buy, build, and manage them" and thus do not benefit from lower up-front capital costs and less hands-on management,<ref name="iwpc">{{Cite web|last=Foley |first=John |url=http://www.informationweek.com/news/services/business/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=209904474 |title=Private Clouds Take Shape |publisher=InformationWeek |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}
</ref>
essentially "[lacking] the economic model that makes cloud computing such an intriguing concept".<ref>
{{Cite web|last=Haff |first=Gordon |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-13556_3-10150841-61.html |title=Just don't call them private clouds |publisher=CNET News |date=2009-01-27 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.informationweek.com/cloud-computing/blog/archives/2009/01/theres_no_such.html |title=There's No Such Thing As A Private Cloud |publisher=InformationWeek |date=2010-06-30 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>

==The Intercloud==
The [[Intercloud]]<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2009-05-24|title= Blueprint for the Intercloud – Protocols and Formats for Cloud Computing Interoperability|publisher=IEEE Computer Society|pages=328–336|url=http://www2.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/doi/10.1109/ICIW.2009.55|doi=10.1109/ICIW.2009.55|last1=Bernstein|first1=David|last2=Ludvigson|first2=Erik|last3=Sankar|first3=Krishna|last4=Diamond|first4=Steve|last5=Morrow|first5=Monique}}</ref> is an interconnected global "cloud of clouds"<ref name="kk">{{Cite web|url=http://www.kk.org/thetechnium/archives/2007/11/a_cloudbook_for.php |title=Kevin Kelly: A Cloudbook for the Cloud |publisher=Kk.org |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://samj.net/2009/06/intercloud-is-global-cloud-of-clouds.html |title=Intercloud is a global cloud of clouds |publisher=Samj.net |date=2009-06-22 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref> and an extension of the Internet "network of networks" on which it is based.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.readwriteweb.com/archives/vint_cerf_despite_its_age_the.php?mtcCampaign=2765 |title=Vint Cerf: Despite Its Age, The Internet is Still Filled with Problems |publisher=Readwriteweb.com |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://blogs.cisco.com/sp/comments/from_india_to_intercloud/ |title=SP360: Service Provider: From India to Intercloud |publisher=Blogs.cisco.com |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Canada |url=http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/LAC.20071129.TWLINKS29/TPStory/Business |title=Head in the clouds? Welcome to the future |publisher=Theglobeandmail.com |date= 2007-11-29|accessdate=2010-08-22 |location=Toronto}}</ref>

==Issues==
=== Privacy ===
The cloud model has been criticized by privacy advocates for the greater ease in which the companies hosting the cloud services control, and, thus, can monitor at will, lawfully or unlawfully, the communication and data stored between the user and the host company. Instances such as the secret NSA program, working with AT&T, and Verizon, which recorded over 10 million phone calls between American citizens, causes uncertainty among privacy advocates, and the greater powers it gives to telecommunication companies to monitor user activity.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Cauley |first=Leslie |url=http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2006-05-10-nsa_x.htm |title=NSA has massive database of Americans' phone calls |publisher=USATODAY.com |date=2006-05-11 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>
While there have been efforts (such as US-EU Safe Harbor) to "harmonize" the legal environment, providers such as Amazon still cater to major markets (typically the United States and the European Union) by deploying local infrastructure and allowing customers to select "availability zones."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://developer.amazonwebservices.com/connect/entry.jspa?externalID=1347&categoryID=112 |title=Feature Guide: Amazon EC2 Availability Zones |publisher=Amazon Web Services |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>

===Compliance===
In order to obtain compliance with regulations including [[FISMA]], [[HIPAA]], and SOX in the United States, the Data Protection Directive in the EU and the credit card industry's PCI DSS, users may have to adopt ''community'' or ''hybrid'' deployment modes that are typically more expensive and may offer restricted benefits. This is how Google is able to "manage and meet additional government policy requirements beyond FISMA"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://searchcompliance.techtarget.com/news/article/0,289142,sid195_gci1377298,00.html |title=FISMA compliance for federal cloud computing on the horizon in 2010 |publisher=SearchCompliance.com |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://googleenterprise.blogspot.com/2009/09/google-apps-and-government.html |title=Google Apps and Government |publisher=Official Google Enterprise Blog |date=2009-09-15 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref> and Rackspace Cloud are able to claim PCI compliance.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rackspace.com/cloud/blog/2009/03/05/cloud-hosting-is-secure-for-take-off-mosso-enables-the-spreadsheet-store-an-online-merchant-to-become-pci-compliant/ |title=Cloud Hosting is Secure for Take-off: Mosso Enables The Spreadsheet Store, an Online Merchant, to become PCI Compliant |publisher=Rackspace |date=2009-03-14 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>

Many providers also obtain SAS 70 Type II certification, but this has been criticized on the grounds that the hand-picked set of goals and standards determined by the auditor and the auditee are often not disclosed and can vary widely.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://searchcloudcomputing.techtarget.com/news/article/0,289142,sid201_gci1374629,00.html |title=Amazon gets SAS 70 Type II audit stamp, but analysts not satisfied |publisher=SearchCloudComputing.com |date=2009-11-17 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref> Providers typically make this information available on request, under [[non-disclosure agreement]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://wistechnology.com/articles/6954/ |title=Assessing Cloud Computing Agreements and Controls |publisher=WTN News |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>

Customers in the EU contracting with cloud providers established outside the EU/EEA have to adhere to the EU regulations on export of personal data.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thomashelbing.com/en/how-new-eu-rules-data-export-affect-companies-and-outside-eu |title=How the New EU Rules on Data Export Affect Companies in and Outside the EU | Dr. Thomas Helbing – Kanzlei für Datenschutz-, Online- und IT-Recht |publisher=Dr. Thomas Helbing |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>

===Performance===
With the American average download speed at 4MiB/S cloud computing relies on a high speed infrastructure that does not exist. This makes cloud computing impractical in many environments, in fact many local networks would struggle to serve multiple cloud instances. Depending on the setup cloud computing can require very fast internet, less CPU intensive setups (for the client) simply stream video over the internet or a LAN.{{Citation needed|date=July 2011}}

===Criticism===
Some have come to criticize the term as being either too unspecific or even misleading. CEO Larry Ellison of Oracle Corporation asserts that cloud computing is "everything that we already do", claiming that the company could simply "change the wording on some of our ads" to deploy their cloud-based services.<ref name="ellisonhell">{{Cite web|author=“” |url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0FacYAI6DY0 |title=Larry Ellison – What The Hell Is Cloud Computing? |publisher=YouTube |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref><ref name="ellisonnail">{{Cite web|last=Farber |first=Dan |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-13953_3-10052188-80.html |title=Oracle's Ellison nails cloud computing |publisher=CNET News |date=2008-09-26 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.computerworld.com.au/article/335674/oracle_launches_worldwide_cloud-computing_tour/ |title=Oracle launches worldwide cloud-computing tour |publisher=Computerworld |date=2010-02-10 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=By James Rogers |url=http://www.thestreet.com/story/10649557/1/oracles-ellison-issues-cloud-challenge.html |title=Oracle's Ellison Issues Cloud Challenge |publisher=Thestreet.com |date=2009-12-18 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://searchcloudcomputing.techtarget.com/news/article/0,289142,sid201_gci1384202,00.html |title=Oracle desperately seeking cloud cred |publisher=Searchcloudcomputing.techtarget.com |date=2010-02-16 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref> [[Forrester Research]] VP Frank Gillett questions the very nature of and motivation behind the push for cloud computing, describing what he calls "cloud washing"—companies simply relabeling their products as "cloud computing", resulting in mere marketing innovation instead of "real" innovation.<ref>{{Cite web|author=“” |url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f7wv1i8ubng |title=Cloud Computing is Hyped and Overblown |publisher=Youtube.com |date=2008-09-29 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.beet.tv/2008/09/cloud-computing.html |title=Cloud Computing is Hyped and Overblown, Forrester's Frank Gillett Big Tech Companies Have "Cloud Envy" |publisher=Beet.tv |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>

GNU's Richard Stallman insists that the industry will only use the model to deliver services at ever increasing rates over proprietary systems, otherwise likening it to a "marketing hype campaign".<ref name="Stallman">[http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2008/sep/29/cloud.computing.richard.stallman ''Cloud computing is a trap, warns GNU founder Richard Stallman''], ''The Guardian'', par Bobbie Johnson, 29 septembre 2008</ref>

===Legal===
In March 2007, Dell applied to trademark the term "cloud computing" ({{US trademark|77139082}}) in the United States. The "Notice of Allowance" the company received in July 2008 was canceled in August, resulting in a formal rejection of the trademark application less than a week later. Since 2007, the number of trademark filings covering cloud computing brands, goods, and services has increased rapidly. As companies sought to better position themselves for cloud computing branding and marketing efforts, cloud computing trademark filings increased by 483% between 2008 and 2009. In 2009, 116 cloud computing trademarks were filed, and trademark analysts predict that over 500 such marks could be filed during 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://insidetrademarks.com/2010/03/24/cloud-computing-trademark-trends/ |title=Inside Trademarks March 24, 2010 |publisher=Insidetrademarks.com |date=2010-03-24 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>

Other legal cases may shape the use of cloud computing by the public sector. On October 29, 2010, Google filed a lawsuit against the U.S. Department of Interior, which opened up a bid for software that required that bidders use Microsoft's Business Productivity Online Suite. Google sued, calling the requirement "unduly restrictive of competition."<ref>[http://www.scribd.com/doc/40513712/Google-v-US-Complaint Google, Inc. vs. the United States]</ref> Scholars have pointed out that, beginning in 2005, the prevalence of open standards and open source may have an impact on the way that public entities choose to select vendors.<ref>[http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1656616 Casson and Ryan, Open Standards, Open Source Adoption in the Public Sector, and Their Relationship to Microsoft’s Market Dominance]</ref>

There are also concerns about a cloud provider shutting down for financial or legal reasons, which has happened in a number of cases.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Scheier |first=Robert L. |url=http://www.infoworld.com/d/cloud-computing/what-do-if-your-cloud-provider-disappears-508 |title=What to do if your cloud provider disappears | Cloud Computing |publisher=InfoWorld |date=2009-04-20 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>

===Open source===
[[Open source software]] has provided the foundation for many cloud computing implementations, one prominent example being the Hadoop framework.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.networkworld.com/news/2008/072808-open-source-cloud-computing.html |title=Open source fuels growth of cloud computing, software-as-a-service |publisher=Network World |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref> In November 2007, the Free Software Foundation released the Affero General Public License, a version of GPLv3 intended to close a perceived legal loophole associated with free software designed to be run over a network.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://redmonk.com/sogrady/2009/04/15/open-source-licensing-in-a-networked-age/ |title=AGPL: Open Source Licensing in a Networked Age |publisher=Redmonk.com |date=2009-04-15 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>

===Open standards===
Most cloud providers expose [[Application programming interface|APIs]] that are typically well-documented (often under a Creative Commons license<ref>[http://www.gogrid.com/company/press-releases/gogrid-moves-api-specification-to-creativecommons.php GoGrid Moves API Specification to Creative Commons]{{Dead link|date=August 2010}}</ref>) but also unique to their implementation and thus not interoperable. Some vendors have adopted others' APIs and there are a number of open standards under development, with a view to delivering interoperability and portability.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ostatic.com/blog/eucalyptus-completes-amazon-web-services-specs-with-latest-release |title=Eucalyptus Completes Amazon Web Services Specs with Latest Release |publisher=Ostatic.com |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>

===Security===
As cloud computing is achieving increased popularity, concerns are being voiced about the security issues introduced through the adoption of this new model. The effectiveness and efficiency of traditional protection mechanisms are being reconsidered as the characteristics of this innovative deployment model differ widely from those of traditional architectures.<ref name="Zissis 10">{{cite journal|last=Zissis|first=Dimitrios|coauthors=Lekkas|title=Addressing cloud computing security issues|journal=Future Generation Computer Systems|year=2010|doi=10.1016/j.future.2010.12.006|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X10002554}}</ref>

The relative security of cloud computing services is a contentious issue that may be delaying its adoption.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.networkworld.com/news/2009/042709-burning-security-cloud-computing.html |title=Are security issues delaying adoption of cloud computing? |publisher=Network World |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref> Issues barring the adoption of cloud computing are due in large part to the private and public sectors unease surrounding the external management of security based services. It is the very nature of cloud computing based services, private or public, that promote external management of provided services. This delivers great incentive among cloud computing service providers in producing a priority in building and maintaining strong management of secure services.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.networkworld.com/news/2010/022210-virtualization-cloud-security-debate.html |title=Security of virtualization, cloud computing divides IT and security pros |publisher=Network World |date=2010-02-22 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref> Security issues have been categorized into sensitive data access, data segregation, privacy, bug exploitation, recovery, accountability, malicious insiders, management console security, account control, and multi-tenancy issues. Solution to various cloud security issues vary through cryptography, particularly public key infrastructure (PKI), use of multiple cloud providers, standardization of APIs, improving virtual machine support and legal support.<ref name="Zissis 10" /><ref>{{cite journal|last=Armbrust|first=M|coauthors=Fox, A., Griffith, R., Joseph, A., Katz, R., Konwinski, A., Lee, G., Patterson, D., Rabkin, A., Zaharia,|title=A view of cloud computing.|journal=Communication of the ACM|year=2010|volume=53|issue=4|pages=50–58|doi=10.1145/1721654.1721672}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Anthens|first=G|title=Security in the cloud|journal=Communications of the ACM|volume=53|issue=11|doi=10.1145/1839676.1839683}}</ref>

===Sustainability===
Although cloud computing is often assumed to be a form of "[[green computing]]", there is as of yet no published study to substantiate this assumption.<ref>{{Cite news
| author = James Urquhart
| title = Cloud computing's green paradox
| quote = ...there is some significant evidence that the cloud is encouraging more compute consumption
| publisher = CNET News
| date = January 7, 2010
| pages =
| url = http://news.cnet.com/8301-19413_3-10428065-240.html
| accessdate = March 12, 2010
}}</ref> Siting the servers affects the environmental effects of cloud computing. In areas where climate favors natural cooling and renewable electricity is readily available, the environmental effects will be more moderate. Thus countries with favorable conditions, such as Finland,<ref>[http://www.fincloud.freehostingcloud.com/ Finland – First Choice for Siting Your Cloud Computing Data Center.]. Retrieved 4 August 2010.</ref> Sweden and Switzerland,<ref>[http://www.greenbiz.com/news/2010/06/30/swiss-carbon-neutral-servers-hit-cloud Swiss Carbon-Neutral Servers Hit the Cloud.]. Retrieved 4 August 2010.</ref> are trying to attract cloud computing data centers.

===Abuse===
As with privately purchased hardware, crackers posing as legitimate customers can purchase the services of cloud computing for nefarious purposes. This includes password cracking and as a means of launching attacks.<ref>http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-05-13/sony-network-said-to-have-been-invaded-by-hackers-using-amazon-com-server.html</ref> In 2009, a banking trojan illegally used the popular Amazon service as a command and control channel that issued software updates and malicious instructions to PCs that were infected by the malware.<ref>http://www.theregister.co.uk/2011/05/14/playstation_network_attack_from_amazon/</ref>

===Cloud Computing Contracts===
Most transitions to a cloud computing solution entail a change from a technically managed solution to a contractually managed solution. This change necessitates increased IT contract negotiation skills to establish the terms of the relationship and vendor management skills to maintain the relationship. All rights and responsibilities that are associated with the relationship between a client and a cloud computing services provider must be codified in the contract and effectively managed until the relationship has been terminated. Key risks and issues that are either unique to cloud computing or essential to its effective adoption typically involve service level agreements; data processing and access; provider infrastructure and security; and contract and vendor management.<ref>http://www.educause.edu/EDUCAUSE+Quarterly/EDUCAUSEQuarterlyMagazineVolum/IfItsintheCloudGetItonPaperClo/206532</ref>

==Research==
Many universities, vendors and government organizations are investing in research around the topic of cloud computing:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cloudbook.net/directories/research-clouds |title=Cloud Net Directory. Retrieved 2010-03-01 |publisher=Cloudbook.net |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref><ref>[http://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=114686 nsf.gov – National Science Foundation (NSF) News – National Science Foundation Awards Millions to Fourteen Universities for Cloud Computing Research – US National Science Foun...]</ref>

* In October 2007 the Academic Cloud Computing Initiative (ACCI) was announced as a multi-university project designed to enhance students' technical knowledge to address the challenges of cloud computing.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.datacenterknowledge.com/archives/2008/05/02/ibm-google-team-on-an-enterprise-cloud/ |title="IBM, Google Team on an Enterprise Cloud." May 2008. Rich Miller Retrieved 2010-04-01 |publisher=DataCenterKnowledge.com |date=2008-05-02 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>

* On March 23, 2011, a nonprofit organization called Open Networking Foundation was founded, focused on providing support for a new cloud initiative called Software-Defined Networking.<ref>[http://www.openflow.org/wp/2011/03/open-networking-foundation-formed-to-speed-network-innovation/ Open Networking Foundation News Release. March 21, 2011.]</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cloud Computing}}
[[Category:Cloud computing| ]]

Cloud computing

2011-08-18T16:48:19Z

LIMSinstitute:

{{pp-move-indef}}
[[File:Cloud computing.svg|400px|thumb|Cloud computing logical diagram]]
''Cloud computing''' is the delivery of computing as a service rather than a product, whereby shared resources, software and information are provided to computers and other devices as a utility (like the electricity grid) over a network (typically the Internet).

==Overview==
Cloud computing provides computation, software, data access, and storage services that do not require end-user knowledge of the physical location and configuration of the system that delivers the services. Parallels to this concept can be drawn with the electricity grid, wherein end-users consume power without needing to understand the component devices or infrastructure required to provide the service.

The concept of cloud computing fills a perpetual need of IT: a way to increase capacity or add capabilities on the fly without investing in new infrastructure, training new personnel, or licensing new software. Cloud computing encompasses any subscription-based or pay-per-use service that, in real time over the Internet, extends IT's existing capabilities.{{Citation needed|date=August 2011}}

Cloud computing describes a new supplement, consumption, and delivery model for IT services based on Internet protocols, and it typically involves provisioning of dynamically scalable and often [[Virtualization|virtualized]] resources<ref name="gartner">{{Cite web|url=http://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=707508 |title=Gartner Says Cloud Computing Will Be As Influential As E-business |publisher=Gartner.com |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref><ref name="really">{{Cite web|url=http://www.infoworld.com/d/cloud-computing/what-cloud-computing-really-means-031|title=What cloud computing really means|last=Gruman|first=Galen|date=2008-04-07|work=InfoWorld|accessdate=2009-06-02}}</ref> It is a byproduct and consequence of the ease-of-access to remote computing sites provided by the Internet.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.economist.com/displaystory.cfm?story_id=14637206|title=Cloud Computing: Clash of the clouds|date=2009-10-15|publisher=The Economist|accessdate=2009-11-03}}</ref> This may take the form of web-based tools or applications that users can access and use through a web browser as if they were programs installed locally on their own computers.<ref name="simple">[http://www.cloudcomputingdefined.com/ Cloud Computing Defined] 17 July 2010. Retrieved 26 July 2010.</ref>

Cloud computing providers deliver applications via the internet, which are accessed from a Web browser, while the business software and data are stored on servers at a remote location. In some cases, legacy applications (line of business applications that until now have been prevalent in thin client Windows computing) are delivered via a screen-sharing technology, while the computing resources are consolidated at a remote data center location; in other cases, entire business applications have been coded using web-based technologies such as AJAX.

Most cloud computing infrastructures consist of services delivered through shared data-centers and appearing as a single point of access for consumers' computing needs. Commercial offerings may be required to meet service level agreements (SLAs), but specific terms are less often negotiated by smaller companies.<ref name="ccpaper">{{Cite journal
|first= Rajkumar |last=Buyya|coauthors= Chee Shin Yeo, Srikumar Venugopal| title = Market-Oriented Cloud Computing: Vision, Hype, and Reality for Delivering IT Services as Computing Utilities
| pages = 9| publisher = Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, University of Melbourne, Australia| url = http://www.gridBus.org/~raj/papers/hpcc2008_keynote_cloudcomputing.pdf
| format = PDF| accessdate = 2008-07-31}}</ref>

===Comparisons===

Cloud computing shares characteristics with:

* Autonomic computing — Computer systems capable of self-management."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.datacenterknowledge.com/archives/2008/Mar/25/whats_in_a_name_utility_vs_cloud_vs_grid.html |title=What's In A Name? Utility vs. Cloud vs Grid |publisher=Datacenterknowledge.com |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>
* Client–server model — ''Client–Server Computing'' refers broadly to any [[distributed application]] that distinguishes between service providers (servers) and service requesters (clients).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://java.sun.com/developer/Books/jdbc/ch07.pdf|publisher=Sun Microsystem|title=Distributed Application Architecture|accessdate=2009-06-16}}</ref>
* Grid computing — "A form of [[distributed computing]] and [[parallel computing]], whereby a 'super and virtual computer' is composed of a cluster of networked, loosely coupled computers acting in concert to perform very large tasks."
* Mainframe computer — Powerful computers used mainly by large organizations for critical applications, typically bulk data processing such as census, industry and consumer statistics, enterprise resource planning, and financial transaction processing.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com/mainframe-blog/sun-cto-cloud-computing-is-like-the-mainframe/ |title=Sun CTO: Cloud computing is like the mainframe |publisher=Itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com |date=2009-03-11 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>
* Utility computing — The "packaging of computing resources, such as computation and storage, as a metered service similar to a traditional public utility, such as electricity."<ref name="It's you've ">{{Cite web|url=http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1496091.1496100&coll=&dl=ACM&CFID=21518680&CFTOKEN=18800807|title=It's probable that you've misunderstood 'Cloud Computing' until now | publisher= TechPluto |accessdate=2010-09-14}}</ref>
* Peer-to-peer — Distributed architecture without the need for central coordination, with participants being at the same time both suppliers and consumers of resources (in contrast to the traditional client–server model).
* Service-oriented computing – Cloud computing provides services related to computing while, in a reciprocal manner, service-oriented computing consists of the computing techniques that operate on software-as-a-service.<ref name="Service-oriented Computing and Cloud Computing: Challenges and Opportunities">{{Cite web|url=http://www.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/doi/10.1109/MIC.2010.147|title=Service-Oriented Computing and Cloud Computing: Challenges and Opportunities | publisher= IEEE Internet Computing |accessdate=2010-12-04}}</ref>

===Characteristics===



Cloud computing exhibits the following key characteristics:
* '''Agility''' improves with users' ability to re-provision technological infrastructure resources.
* '''Application Programming Interface''' (API) accessibility to software that enables machines to interact with cloud software in the same way the user interface facilitates interaction between humans and computers. Cloud computing systems typically use REST-based APIs.
* '''Cost''' is claimed to be reduced and in a public cloud delivery model capital expenditure is converted to operational expenditure.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cloudave.com/link/recession-is-good-for-cloud-computing-microsoft-agrees |title=Recession Is Good For Cloud Computing – Microsoft Agrees |publisher=CloudAve |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref> This is purported to lower barriers to entry, as infrastructure is typically provided by a third-party and does not need to be purchased for one-time or infrequent intensive computing tasks. Pricing on a utility computing basis is fine-grained with usage-based options and fewer IT skills are required for implementation (in-house).<ref name="idc">{{Cite web|url=http://blogs.idc.com/ie/?p=190 |title=Defining "Cloud Services" and "Cloud Computing" |publisher=IDC |date=2008-09-23 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>
* '''Device and location independence'''<ref name="yarmis">{{Cite web|last=Farber |first=Dan |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-13953_3-9977049-80.html |title=The new geek chic: Data centers |publisher=CNET News |date=2008-06-25 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref> enable users to access systems using a web browser regardless of their location or what device they are using (e.g., PC, mobile phone). As infrastructure is off-site (typically provided by a third-party) and accessed via the Internet, users can connect from anywhere.<ref name="idc" />
* '''Multi-tenancy''' enables sharing of resources and costs across a large pool of users thus allowing for:
** '''Centralization''' of infrastructure in locations with lower costs (such as real estate, electricity, etc.)
** '''Peak-load capacity''' increases (users need not engineer for highest possible load-levels)
** '''Utilization and efficiency''' improvements for systems that are often only 10–20% utilized.<ref name="amazon"/>
* '''Reliability''' is improved if multiple redundant sites are used, which makes well-designed cloud computing suitable for [[business continuity]] and [[disaster recovery]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=King |first=Rachael |url=http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/aug2008/tc2008083_619516.htm |title=Cloud Computing: Small Companies Take Flight |publisher=Businessweek |date=2008-08-04 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>
* '''Scalability''' and Elasticity via dynamic ("on-demand") provisioning of resources on a fine-grained, self-service basis near real-time, without users having to engineer for peak loads. <ref>{{cite web|title=Defining and Measuring Cloud Elasticity|url=http://digbib.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de/volltexte/1000023476|publisher=KIT Software Quality Departement|accessdate=13 August 2011}}</ref>
* '''Performance''' is monitored, and consistent and loosely coupled architectures are constructed using web services as the system interface.<ref name="idc" />
* '''Security''' could improve due to centralization of data, increased security-focused resources, etc., but concerns can persist about loss of control over certain sensitive data, and the lack of security for stored kernels.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cryptoclarity.com/CryptoClarityLLC/Welcome/Entries/2009/7/23_Encrypted_Storage_and_Key_Management_for_the_cloud.html |title=Encrypted Storage and Key Management for the cloud |publisher=Cryptoclarity.com |date=2009-07-30 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref> Security is often as good as or better than under traditional systems, in part because providers are able to devote resources to solving security issues that many customers cannot afford.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mills |first=Elinor |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-1009_3-10150569-83.html |title=Cloud computing security forecast: Clear skies |publisher=CNET News |date=2009-01-27 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref> However, the complexity of security is greatly increased when data is distributed over a wider area or greater number of devices and in multi-tenant systems that are being shared by unrelated users. In addition, user access to security [[audit log]]s may be difficult or impossible. Private cloud installations are in part motivated by users' desire to retain control over the infrastructure and avoid losing control of information security.
* ''' [[Software maintenance|Maintenance]]''' of cloud computing applications is easier, because they do not need to be installed on each user's computer. They are easier to support and to improve, as the changes reach the clients instantly.

===Architecture===
[[File:CloudComputingSampleArchitecture.svg|thumb|325px|right|Cloud computing sample architecture]]

''Cloud architecture'',<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://developer.amazonwebservices.com/connect/entry.jspa?externalID=1632&categoryID=100 |title=Building GrepTheWeb in the Cloud, Part 1: Cloud Architectures |publisher=Developer.amazonwebservices.com |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref> the systems architecture of the software systems involved in the delivery of cloud computing, typically involves multiple ''cloud components'' communicating with each other over loose coupling mechanism such as messaging queue.

==History==
The term "cloud" is used as a metaphor for the Internet, based on the cloud drawing used in the past to represent the telephone network,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sellsbrothers.com/writing/intro2tapi/default.aspx?content=pstn.htm |title=Writing & Speaking |publisher=Sellsbrothers.com |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref> and later to depict the Internet in [[computer network diagram]]s as an abstraction of the underlying infrastructure it represents.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thestandard.com/article/0,1902,5466,00.html |title=The Internet Cloud |publisher=Thestandard.com |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>

Cloud computing is a natural evolution of the widespread adoption of [[Hardware virtualization|virtualization]], [[service-oriented architecture]], [[Autonomic Computing|autonomic]], and [[utility computing]]. Details are abstracted from end-users, who no longer have need for expertise in, or control over, the technology infrastructure "in the cloud" that supports them.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Danielson |first=Krissi |url=http://www.ebizq.net/blogs/saasweek/2008/03/distinguishing_cloud_computing/ |title=Distinguishing Cloud Computing from Utility Computing |publisher=Ebizq.net |date=2008-03-26 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>

The underlying concept of cloud computing dates back to the 1960s, when [[John McCarthy (computer scientist)|John McCarthy]] opined that "computation may someday be organized as a [[public utility]]." Almost all the modern-day characteristics of cloud computing (elastic provision, provided as a utility, online, illusion of infinite supply), the comparison to the electricity industry and the use of public, private, government, and community forms, were thoroughly explored in [[Douglas Parkhill]]'s 1966 book, ''The Challenge of the Computer Utility''.

The actual term "cloud" borrows from [[telephony]] in that telecommunications companies, who until the 1990s offered primarily dedicated point-to-point data circuits, began offering [[Virtual Private Network]] (VPN) services with comparable quality of service but at a much lower cost. By switching traffic to balance utilization as they saw fit, they were able to utilize their overall network bandwidth more effectively. The cloud symbol was used to denote the demarcation point between that which was the responsibility of the provider and that which was the responsibility of the user. Cloud computing extends this boundary to cover servers as well as the network infrastructure.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mirror.switch.ch/ftp/doc/ietf/ipatm/atm-minutes-93jul.txt |title=July, 1993 meeting report from the IP over ATM working group of the IETF |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>

After the [[dot-com bubble]], [[Amazon.com|Amazon]] played a key role in the development of cloud computing by modernizing their [[data center]]s, which, like most [[computer networks]], were using as little as 10% of their capacity at any one time, just to leave room for occasional spikes. Having found that the new cloud architecture resulted in significant internal efficiency improvements whereby small, fast-moving "two-pizza teams" could add new features faster and more easily, Amazon initiated a new product development effort to provide cloud computing to external customers, and launched [[Amazon Web Services|Amazon Web Service (AWS)]] on a [[utility computing]] basis in 2006.<ref name="amazon">[http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/06_46/b4009001.htm Jeff Bezos' Risky Bet].</ref><ref name="AWS">[http://itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com/cloud-computing/2010/06/17/amazons-early-efforts-at-cloud-computing-partly-accidental/].</ref>

In early 2008, [[Eucalyptus (computing)|Eucalyptus]] became the first open-source, AWS API-compatible platform for deploying private clouds. In early 2008, [[OpenNebula]], enhanced in the RESERVOIR European Commission-funded project, became the first open-source software for deploying private and hybrid clouds, and for the federation of clouds.<ref>B. Rochwerger, J. Caceres, R.S. Montero, D. Breitgand, E. Elmroth, A. Galis, E. Levy, [[Ignacio M. Llorente|I.M. Llorente]], K. Nagin, Y. Wolfsthal, E. Elmroth, J. Caceres, M. Ben-Yehuda, W. Emmerich, F. Galan. "The RESERVOIR Model and Architecture for Open Federated Cloud Computing", IBM Journal of Research and Development, Vol. 53, No. 4. (2009)</ref> In the same year, efforts were focused on providing QoS guarantees (as required by real-time interactive applications) to cloud-based infrastructures, in the framework of the IRMOS European Commission-funded project.<ref>D. Kyriazis, A. Menychtas, G. Kousiouris, K. Oberle, T. Voith, M. Boniface, E. Oliveros, T. Cucinotta, S. Berger, “A Real-time Service Oriented Infrastructure”, International Conference on Real-Time and Embedded Systems (RTES 2010), Singapore, November 2010</ref> By mid-2008, Gartner saw an opportunity for cloud computing "to shape the relationship among consumers of IT services, those who use IT services and those who sell them"<ref>[http://www.networkworld.com/newsletters/itlead/2008/070708itlead1.html Keep an eye on cloud computing], Amy Schurr, Network World, 2008-07-08, citing the [[Gartner]] report, "Cloud Computing Confusion Leads to Opportunity". Retrieved 2009-09-11.</ref> and observed that "[o]rganisations are switching from company-owned hardware and software assets to per-use service-based models" so that the "projected shift to cloud computing ... will result in dramatic growth in IT products in some areas and significant reductions in other areas."<ref>[http://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=742913 Gartner Says Worldwide IT Spending On Pace to Surpass Trillion in 2008], [[Gartner]], 2008-08-18. Retrieved 2009-09-11.</ref>

==Layers==
Once an Internet Protocol connection is established among several computers, it is possible to share services within any one of the following layers.

[[File:Cloud Computing Stack.svg|right|250px]]

===Client===
{{See also|Category:Cloud clients}}

A ''cloud client'' consists of [[computer hardware]] and/or [[computer software]] that relies on cloud computing for application delivery and that is in essence useless without it. Examples include some [[computers]], phones and other devices, [[operating systems]], and [[Internet browser|browsers]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Claburn |first=Thomas |url=http://www.informationweek.com/news/software/web_services/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=222200331 |title=Google Reveals Nexus One 'Super Phone' |publisher=InformationWeek |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gigaom.com/2008/06/22/what-makes-a-good-cloud-computer/ |title=What Makes a Cloud Computer? |publisher=Gigaom.com |date=2008-06-22 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=by Brian BraikerSeptember 02, 2008 |url=http://www.newsweek.com/id/156911 |title=The Cloud's Chrome Lining |publisher=Newsweek.com |date=2008-09-02 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>

===Application===
{{See also|Category:Cloud applications}}

Cloud application services or "[[Software as a Service]] (SaaS)" deliver [[software]] as a service over the Internet, eliminating the need to install and run the application on the customer's own computers and simplifying maintenance and support.

===Platform===
{{See also|Category:Cloud platforms}}

Cloud platform services, also known as [[Platform as a service|Platform as a Service]] (PaaS), deliver a [[computing platform]] and/or [[solution stack]] as a service, often consuming cloud infrastructure and sustaining cloud applications.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.eccentex.com/platform/workflow.html |title=An example of a 'Cloud Platform' for building applications |publisher=Eccentex.com |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref> It facilitates deployment of applications without the cost and complexity of buying and managing the underlying hardware and software layers.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Jack Schofield |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2008/apr/17/google.software |title=Google angles for business users with 'platform as a service' |publisher=Guardian |date= 2008-04-17|accessdate=2010-08-22 | location=London}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://aws.typepad.com/aws/2008/06/the-forthcoming.html |title=The Emerging Cloud Service Architecture |publisher=Aws.typepad.com |date=2008-06-03 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>

===Infrastructure===
{{See also|Category:Cloud infrastructure}}

Cloud infrastructure services, also known as Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), deliver [[computer]] [[infrastructure]] – typically a [[platform virtualization]] environment – as a service, along with raw (block) storage and networking. Rather than purchasing servers, software, data-center space or network equipment, clients instead buy those resources as a fully outsourced service. Suppliers typically bill such services on a [[utility computing]] basis; the amount of resources consumed (and therefore the cost) will typically reflect the level of activity.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://searchstorage.techtarget.com/news/article/0,289142,sid5_gci1301852,00.html |title=EMC buys Pi and forms a cloud computing group |publisher=Searchstorage.techtarget.com |date=2008-02-21 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>

===Server===
The servers layer consists of [[computer hardware]] and/or [[computer software]] products that are specifically designed for the delivery of cloud services, including multi-core processors, cloud-specific operating systems and combined offerings.<ref name="nimbus">[http://workspace.globus.org/vm/TP2.1/doc/cloud.html Nimbus Cloud Guide]{{Dead link|date=August 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Myslewski |first=Rik |url=http://www.theregister.co.uk/2009/12/02/intel_scc/ |title=Intel puts cloud on single megachip |publisher=Theregister.co.uk |date=2009-12-02 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Duffy |first=Jim |url=http://www.infoworld.com/d/cloud-computing/cisco-unveils-cloud-computing-platform-service-providers-113 |title=Cisco unveils cloud computing platform for service providers |publisher=Infoworld.com |date=2009-05-12 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref><ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/28/technology/28soft.html Microsoft Plans 'Cloud' Operating System]</ref>

==Deployment models==

[[File:Cloud computing types.svg|thumb|395px|right|Cloud computing types]]

===Public cloud===
Public cloud describes cloud computing in the traditional mainstream sense, whereby resources are dynamically provisioned to the general public on a fine-grained, self-service basis over the Internet, via [[web application]]s/[[web service]]s, from an off-site third-party provider who bills on a fine-grained [[utility computing]] basis.<ref name="idc"/>

===Community cloud===
Community cloud shares infrastructure between several organisations from a specific community with common concerns (security, compliance, jurisdiction, etc.), whether managed internally or by a third-party and hosted internally or externally. The costs are spread over fewer users than a public cloud (but more than a private cloud), so only some of the benefits of cloud computing are realised.<ref name=nist />

===Hybrid cloud ===
Hybrid cloud is a composition of two or more clouds (private, community, or public) that remain unique entities but are bound together, offering the benefits of multiple deployment models.<ref name=nist>{{cite web|title=The NIST Definition of Cloud Computing (Draft)|url=http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/drafts/800-145/Draft-SP-800-145_cloud-definition.pdf|publisher=National Institute of Science and Technology|accessdate=24 July 2011}}</ref>

===Private cloud===
Private cloud is infrastructure operated solely for a single organisation, whether managed internally or by a third-party and hosted internally or externally.<ref name=nist />

They have attracted criticism because users "still have to buy, build, and manage them" and thus do not benefit from lower up-front capital costs and less hands-on management,<ref name="iwpc">{{Cite web|last=Foley |first=John |url=http://www.informationweek.com/news/services/business/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=209904474 |title=Private Clouds Take Shape |publisher=InformationWeek |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}
</ref>
essentially "[lacking] the economic model that makes cloud computing such an intriguing concept".<ref>
{{Cite web|last=Haff |first=Gordon |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-13556_3-10150841-61.html |title=Just don't call them private clouds |publisher=CNET News |date=2009-01-27 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.informationweek.com/cloud-computing/blog/archives/2009/01/theres_no_such.html |title=There's No Such Thing As A Private Cloud |publisher=InformationWeek |date=2010-06-30 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>

==The Intercloud==
{{Main|Intercloud}}
The [[Intercloud]]<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2009-05-24|title= Blueprint for the Intercloud – Protocols and Formats for Cloud Computing Interoperability|publisher=IEEE Computer Society|pages=328–336|url=http://www2.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/doi/10.1109/ICIW.2009.55|doi=10.1109/ICIW.2009.55|last1=Bernstein|first1=David|last2=Ludvigson|first2=Erik|last3=Sankar|first3=Krishna|last4=Diamond|first4=Steve|last5=Morrow|first5=Monique}}</ref> is an interconnected global "cloud of clouds"<ref name="kk">{{Cite web|url=http://www.kk.org/thetechnium/archives/2007/11/a_cloudbook_for.php |title=Kevin Kelly: A Cloudbook for the Cloud |publisher=Kk.org |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://samj.net/2009/06/intercloud-is-global-cloud-of-clouds.html |title=Intercloud is a global cloud of clouds |publisher=Samj.net |date=2009-06-22 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref> and an extension of the [[Internet]] "network of networks" on which it is based.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.readwriteweb.com/archives/vint_cerf_despite_its_age_the.php?mtcCampaign=2765 |title=Vint Cerf: Despite Its Age, The Internet is Still Filled with Problems |publisher=Readwriteweb.com |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://blogs.cisco.com/sp/comments/from_india_to_intercloud/ |title=SP360: Service Provider: From India to Intercloud |publisher=Blogs.cisco.com |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Canada |url=http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/LAC.20071129.TWLINKS29/TPStory/Business |title=Head in the clouds? Welcome to the future |publisher=Theglobeandmail.com |date= 2007-11-29|accessdate=2010-08-22 |location=Toronto}}</ref>

==Issues==
=== Privacy ===
The cloud model has been criticized by privacy advocates for the greater ease in which the companies hosting the cloud services control, and, thus, can monitor at will, lawfully or unlawfully, the communication and data stored between the user and the host company. Instances such as the [[Room 641A|secret NSA program]], working with [[AT&T]], and [[Verizon]], which recorded over 10 million phone calls between American citizens, causes uncertainty among privacy advocates, and the greater powers it gives to telecommunication companies to monitor user activity.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Cauley |first=Leslie |url=http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2006-05-10-nsa_x.htm |title=NSA has massive database of Americans' phone calls |publisher=USATODAY.com |date=2006-05-11 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>
While there have been efforts (such as [[US-EU Safe Harbor]]) to "harmonize" the legal environment, providers such as [[Amazon Web Services|Amazon]] still cater to major markets (typically the United States and the [[European Union]]) by deploying local infrastructure and allowing customers to select "availability zones."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://developer.amazonwebservices.com/connect/entry.jspa?externalID=1347&categoryID=112 |title=Feature Guide: Amazon EC2 Availability Zones |publisher=Amazon Web Services |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>

===Compliance===
In order to obtain compliance with regulations including [[FISMA]], [[HIPAA]], and [[Sarbox|SOX]] in the United States, the [[Data Protection Directive]] in the [[European Union|EU]] and the credit card industry's [[Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard|PCI DSS]], users may have to adopt ''community'' or ''hybrid'' deployment modes that are typically more expensive and may offer restricted benefits. This is how [[Google]] is able to "manage and meet additional government policy requirements beyond FISMA"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://searchcompliance.techtarget.com/news/article/0,289142,sid195_gci1377298,00.html |title=FISMA compliance for federal cloud computing on the horizon in 2010 |publisher=SearchCompliance.com |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://googleenterprise.blogspot.com/2009/09/google-apps-and-government.html |title=Google Apps and Government |publisher=Official Google Enterprise Blog |date=2009-09-15 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref> and [[Rackspace Cloud]] are able to claim [[Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard|PCI compliance]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rackspace.com/cloud/blog/2009/03/05/cloud-hosting-is-secure-for-take-off-mosso-enables-the-spreadsheet-store-an-online-merchant-to-become-pci-compliant/ |title=Cloud Hosting is Secure for Take-off: Mosso Enables The Spreadsheet Store, an Online Merchant, to become PCI Compliant |publisher=Rackspace |date=2009-03-14 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>

Many providers also obtain [[Statement on Auditing Standards No. 70: Service Organizations|SAS 70 Type II]] certification, but this has been criticised on the grounds that the hand-picked set of goals and standards determined by the auditor and the auditee are often not disclosed and can vary widely.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://searchcloudcomputing.techtarget.com/news/article/0,289142,sid201_gci1374629,00.html |title=Amazon gets SAS 70 Type II audit stamp, but analysts not satisfied |publisher=SearchCloudComputing.com |date=2009-11-17 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref> Providers typically make this information available on request, under [[non-disclosure agreement]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://wistechnology.com/articles/6954/ |title=Assessing Cloud Computing Agreements and Controls |publisher=WTN News |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>

Customers in the EU contracting with cloud providers established outside the EU/EEA have to adhere to the EU regulations on export of personal data.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thomashelbing.com/en/how-new-eu-rules-data-export-affect-companies-and-outside-eu |title=How the New EU Rules on Data Export Affect Companies in and Outside the EU | Dr. Thomas Helbing – Kanzlei für Datenschutz-, Online- und IT-Recht |publisher=Dr. Thomas Helbing |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>

===Performance===
With the American average download speed at 4MiB/S cloud computing relies on a high speed infrastructure that does not exist. This makes cloud computing impractical in many environments, in fact many local networks would struggle to serve multiple cloud instances. Depending on the setup cloud computing can require very fast internet, less CPU intensive setups (for the client) simply stream video over the internet or a LAN.{{Citation needed|date=July 2011}}

===Criticism===
Some have come to criticize the term as being either too unspecific or even misleading. CEO [[Larry Ellison]] of [[Oracle Corporation]] asserts that cloud computing is "everything that we already do", claiming that the company could simply "change the wording on some of our ads" to deploy their cloud-based services.<ref name="ellisonhell">{{Cite web|author=“” |url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0FacYAI6DY0 |title=Larry Ellison – What The Hell Is Cloud Computing? |publisher=YouTube |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref><ref name="ellisonnail">{{Cite web|last=Farber |first=Dan |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-13953_3-10052188-80.html |title=Oracle's Ellison nails cloud computing |publisher=CNET News |date=2008-09-26 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.computerworld.com.au/article/335674/oracle_launches_worldwide_cloud-computing_tour/ |title=Oracle launches worldwide cloud-computing tour |publisher=Computerworld |date=2010-02-10 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=By James Rogers |url=http://www.thestreet.com/story/10649557/1/oracles-ellison-issues-cloud-challenge.html |title=Oracle's Ellison Issues Cloud Challenge |publisher=Thestreet.com |date=2009-12-18 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://searchcloudcomputing.techtarget.com/news/article/0,289142,sid201_gci1384202,00.html |title=Oracle desperately seeking cloud cred |publisher=Searchcloudcomputing.techtarget.com |date=2010-02-16 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref> [[Forrester Research]] VP Frank Gillett questions the very nature of and motivation behind the push for cloud computing, describing what he calls "cloud washing"—companies simply relabeling their products as "cloud computing", resulting in mere marketing innovation instead of "real" innovation.<ref>{{Cite web|author=“” |url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f7wv1i8ubng |title=Cloud Computing is Hyped and Overblown |publisher=Youtube.com |date=2008-09-29 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.beet.tv/2008/09/cloud-computing.html |title=Cloud Computing is Hyped and Overblown, Forrester's Frank Gillett Big Tech Companies Have "Cloud Envy" |publisher=Beet.tv |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>

[[GNU]]'s [[Richard Stallman]] insists that the industry will only use the model to deliver services at ever increasing rates over proprietary systems, otherwise likening it to a "marketing hype campaign".<ref name="Stallman">[http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2008/sep/29/cloud.computing.richard.stallman ''Cloud computing is a trap, warns GNU founder Richard Stallman''], ''[[The Guardian]]'', par Bobbie Johnson, 29 septembre 2008</ref>

===Legal===
In March 2007, [[Dell]] applied to [[trademark]] the term "cloud computing" ({{US trademark|77139082}}) in the United States. The "Notice of Allowance" the company received in July 2008 was canceled in August, resulting in a formal rejection of the trademark application less than a week later. Since 2007, the number of trademark filings covering cloud computing brands, goods, and services has increased rapidly. As companies sought to better position themselves for cloud computing branding and marketing efforts, cloud computing trademark filings increased by 483% between 2008 and 2009. In 2009, 116 cloud computing trademarks were filed, and trademark analysts predict that over 500 such marks could be filed during 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://insidetrademarks.com/2010/03/24/cloud-computing-trademark-trends/ |title=Inside Trademarks March 24, 2010 |publisher=Insidetrademarks.com |date=2010-03-24 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>

Other legal cases may shape the use of cloud computing by the public sector. On October 29, 2010, Google filed a lawsuit against the U.S. Department of Interior, which opened up a bid for software that required that bidders use Microsoft's Business Productivity Online Suite. Google sued, calling the requirement "unduly restrictive of competition."<ref>[http://www.scribd.com/doc/40513712/Google-v-US-Complaint Google, Inc. vs. the United States]</ref> Scholars have pointed out that, beginning in 2005, the prevalence of [[open standards]] and [[open source]] may have an impact on the way that public entities choose to select vendors.<ref>[http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1656616 Casson and Ryan, Open Standards, Open Source Adoption in the Public Sector, and Their Relationship to Microsoft’s Market Dominance]</ref>

There are also concerns about a cloud provider shutting down for financial or legal reasons, which has happened in a number of cases.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Scheier |first=Robert L. |url=http://www.infoworld.com/d/cloud-computing/what-do-if-your-cloud-provider-disappears-508 |title=What to do if your cloud provider disappears | Cloud Computing |publisher=InfoWorld |date=2009-04-20 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>

===Open source===
{{See also|Category:Open source cloud computing}}

[[Open source software]] has provided the foundation for many cloud computing implementations, one prominent example being the [[Apache Hadoop|Hadoop framework]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.networkworld.com/news/2008/072808-open-source-cloud-computing.html |title=Open source fuels growth of cloud computing, software-as-a-service |publisher=Network World |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref> In November 2007, the [[Free Software Foundation]] released the [[Affero General Public License]], a version of [[GNU General Public License|GPLv3]] intended to close a perceived [[Legal technicality|legal loophole]] associated with [[free software]] designed to be run over a network.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://redmonk.com/sogrady/2009/04/15/open-source-licensing-in-a-networked-age/ |title=AGPL: Open Source Licensing in a Networked Age |publisher=Redmonk.com |date=2009-04-15 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>

===Open standards===
{{See also|Category:Cloud standards}}
Most cloud providers expose [[Application programming interface|APIs]] that are typically well-documented (often under a [[Creative Commons]] license<ref>[http://www.gogrid.com/company/press-releases/gogrid-moves-api-specification-to-creativecommons.php GoGrid Moves API Specification to Creative Commons]{{Dead link|date=August 2010}}</ref>) but also unique to their implementation and thus not interoperable. Some vendors have adopted others' APIs and there are a number of open standards under development, with a view to delivering interoperability and portability.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ostatic.com/blog/eucalyptus-completes-amazon-web-services-specs-with-latest-release |title=Eucalyptus Completes Amazon Web Services Specs with Latest Release |publisher=Ostatic.com |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>

===Security===
{{Cleanup|section|date=July 2011}}
{{Main|Cloud computing security}}

As cloud computing is achieving increased popularity, concerns are being voiced about the security issues introduced through the adoption of this new model. The effectiveness and efficiency of traditional protection mechanisms are being reconsidered as the characteristics of this innovative deployment model differ widely from those of traditional architectures.<ref name="Zissis 10">{{cite journal|last=Zissis|first=Dimitrios|coauthors=Lekkas|title=Addressing cloud computing security issues|journal=Future Generation Computer Systems|year=2010|doi=10.1016/j.future.2010.12.006|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X10002554}}</ref>

The relative security of cloud computing services is a contentious issue that may be delaying its adoption.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.networkworld.com/news/2009/042709-burning-security-cloud-computing.html |title=Are security issues delaying adoption of cloud computing? |publisher=Network World |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref> Issues barring the adoption of cloud computing are due in large part to the private and public sectors unease surrounding the external management of security based services. It is the very nature of cloud computing based services, private or public, that promote external management of provided services. This delivers great incentive among cloud computing service providers in producing a priority in building and maintaining strong management of secure services.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.networkworld.com/news/2010/022210-virtualization-cloud-security-debate.html |title=Security of virtualization, cloud computing divides IT and security pros |publisher=Network World |date=2010-02-22 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref> Security issues have been categorized into sensitive data access, data segregation, privacy, bug exploitation, recovery, accountability, malicious insiders, management console security, account control, and multi-tenancy issues. Solution to various cloud security issues vary through cryptography, particularly public key infrastructure (PKI), use of multiple cloud providers, standardization of APIs, improving virtual machine support and legal support.<ref name="Zissis 10" /><ref>{{cite journal|last=Armbrust|first=M|coauthors=Fox, A., Griffith, R., Joseph, A., Katz, R., Konwinski, A., Lee, G., Patterson, D., Rabkin, A., Zaharia,|title=A view of cloud computing.|journal=Communication of the ACM|year=2010|volume=53|issue=4|pages=50–58|doi=10.1145/1721654.1721672}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Anthens|first=G|title=Security in the cloud|journal=Communications of the ACM|volume=53|issue=11|doi=10.1145/1839676.1839683}}</ref>

===Sustainability===
Although cloud computing is often assumed to be a form of "[[green computing]]", there is as of yet no published study to substantiate this assumption.<ref>{{Cite news
| author = James Urquhart
| title = Cloud computing's green paradox
| quote = ...there is some significant evidence that the cloud is encouraging more compute consumption
| publisher = CNET News
| date = January 7, 2010
| pages =
| url = http://news.cnet.com/8301-19413_3-10428065-240.html
| accessdate = March 12, 2010
}}</ref> Siting the servers affects the environmental effects of cloud computing. In areas where climate favors natural cooling and renewable electricity is readily available, the environmental effects will be more moderate. Thus countries with favorable conditions, such as Finland,<ref>[http://www.fincloud.freehostingcloud.com/ Finland – First Choice for Siting Your Cloud Computing Data Center.]. Retrieved 4 August 2010.</ref> Sweden and Switzerland,<ref>[http://www.greenbiz.com/news/2010/06/30/swiss-carbon-neutral-servers-hit-cloud Swiss Carbon-Neutral Servers Hit the Cloud.]. Retrieved 4 August 2010.</ref> are trying to attract cloud computing data centers.

===Abuse===
As with privately purchased hardware, crackers posing as legitimate customers can purchase the services of cloud computing for nefarious purposes. This includes password cracking and as a means of launching attacks.<ref>http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-05-13/sony-network-said-to-have-been-invaded-by-hackers-using-amazon-com-server.html</ref> In 2009, a banking [[Trojan horse (computing)|trojan]] illegally used the popular Amazon service as a command and control channel that issued software updates and malicious instructions to PCs that were infected by the malware.<ref>http://www.theregister.co.uk/2011/05/14/playstation_network_attack_from_amazon/</ref>

===Cloud Computing Contracts===
Most transitions to a cloud computing solution entail a change from a technically managed solution to a contractually managed solution. This change necessitates increased IT contract negotiation skills to establish the terms of the relationship and vendor management skills to maintain the relationship. All rights and responsibilities that are associated with the relationship between a client and a cloud computing services provider must be codified in the contract and effectively managed until the relationship has been terminated. Key risks and issues that are either unique to cloud computing or essential to its effective adoption typically involve service level agreements; data processing and access; provider infrastructure and security; and contract and vendor management.<ref>http://www.educause.edu/EDUCAUSE+Quarterly/EDUCAUSEQuarterlyMagazineVolum/IfItsintheCloudGetItonPaperClo/206532</ref>

==Research==
Many universities, vendors and government organizations are investing in research around the topic of cloud computing:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cloudbook.net/directories/research-clouds |title=Cloud Net Directory. Retrieved 2010-03-01 |publisher=Cloudbook.net |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref><ref>[http://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=114686 nsf.gov – National Science Foundation (NSF) News – National Science Foundation Awards Millions to Fourteen Universities for Cloud Computing Research – US National Science Foun...]</ref>

* In October 2007 the Academic Cloud Computing Initiative (ACCI) was announced as a multi-university project designed to enhance students' technical knowledge to address the challenges of cloud computing.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.datacenterknowledge.com/archives/2008/05/02/ibm-google-team-on-an-enterprise-cloud/ |title="IBM, Google Team on an Enterprise Cloud." May 2008. Rich Miller Retrieved 2010-04-01 |publisher=DataCenterKnowledge.com |date=2008-05-02 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>

* On March 23, 2011, a nonprofit organization called [[Open Networking Foundation]] was founded, focused on providing support for a new cloud initiative called Software-Defined Networking.<ref>[http://www.openflow.org/wp/2011/03/open-networking-foundation-formed-to-speed-network-innovation/ Open Networking Foundation News Release. March 21, 2011.]</ref>

==See also==
{{colbegin|2}}
*[[Cloud storage]]
*[[Data center]]
*[[Green computing]]
*[[Intercloud]]
*[[Utility computing]]
*[[Web operating system]]
{{colend}}

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

{{Commons category|Cloud computing}}
{{Cloud computing}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cloud Computing}}
[[Category:Cloud computing| ]]

Template:US trademark/doc

2011-08-18T14:25:07Z

LIMSinstitute: 1 revision

{{documentation subpage}}

'''{{tl|{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}''' links to the online [[USPTO]] trademark application.

== Parameters ==
;1 (mandatory): The US trademark serial number.

;2 (optional): Link title. Use <code>&#124;</code> and <code>&#61;</code> for <code>|</code> and <code>=</code>, respectively.

== Examples ==
* <code><nowiki>{{US trademark|77139082|Cloud Computing}}</nowiki></code> produces <blockquote>{{US trademark|77139082|Cloud Computing}}</blockquote>
* <code><nowiki>{{US trademark|77139082|US77139082}}</nowiki></code> produces <blockquote>{{US trademark|77139082|US77139082}}</blockquote>
* <code><nowiki>{{US trademark|77139082}}</nowiki></code> produces <blockquote>{{US trademark|77139082}}</blockquote>

<includeonly>

[[Category:Law external link templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Law citation templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:United States law templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:U.S. Government external link templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]

</includeonly>

Template:T1

2011-08-18T14:25:07Z

LIMSinstitute: 1 revision

#REDIRECT [[Template:Tl]]

Template:Pp-move-indef/doc

2011-08-18T14:25:06Z

LIMSinstitute: 1 revision

{{Documentation subpage}}


=== Usage ===
* Use {{tlx|{{lc:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}}}
The template will '''add a category only''' and has '''no visible effect''' except to add an extra linebreak.

It should be used on high-visibility pages indefinitely move-protected. For articles move-protected due to disputes, including high-visibility articles, use {{t1|pp-move-dispute}}. For other articles move-protected due to vandalism, use {{t1|pp-move-vandalism}}. For other cases, use the generic {{t1|pp-move}}.

Please note that only [[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrators]] can protect pages.

:''This template will categorize articles, portals and templates into {{cl|Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages}}.''
:''Other pages will be categorized depending on their namespace into {{cl|Wikipedia move-protected project pages}}, {{cl|Wikipedia move-protected user and user talk pages}} and {{cl|Wikipedia move-protected talk pages}}.''

=== See also ===
[[Wikipedia:Protection policy]]

{{protection templates}}

<includeonly>

[[Category:Protection templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]

</includeonly>

Template:Cloud computing/doc

2011-08-18T14:25:05Z

LIMSinstitute: 1 revision

{{documentation subpage}}


The '''Template:Cloud computing''' links to articles related to different layers specific to cloud computing. It should have a small number (5-10) of the best available examples of each layer as its purpose is to illustrate by example rather than to advertise products and services.

Don't add your not-yet-notable product here as it will only be reverted. Discuss things on the talk page first, things that achieve consensus get added/retained, the others removed.

==Usage==

<pre>
{{Cloud computing}}
</pre>

<includeonly>
{{DEFAULTSORT:{{PAGENAME}}}}
[[Category:Computing navbox templates]]
[[Category:Cloud computing|τ]]

[[ar:قالب:حوسبة سحابية]]
[[ja:Template:クラウドコンピューティング]]
[[ru:Шаблон:Облачные вычисления]]
[[zh:Template:云端运算]]
</includeonly>

Template:US trademark

2011-08-18T14:25:05Z

LIMSinstitute: 1 revision

[http://tarr.uspto.gov/servlet/tarr?regser=serial&entry={{{1}}} {{{2|U.S. Trademark {{formatnum:{{{1}}}}}}}}]<noinclude>
{{documentation}}</noinclude>

Template:Pp-move-indef

2011-08-18T14:25:04Z

LIMSinstitute: 1 revision

<includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:move}}|sysop|{{#switch: {{NAMESPACE}} | {{ns:User}} | {{ns:User talk}} = [[Category:Wikipedia move-protected user and user talk pages|{{PAGENAME}}]] | {{ns:Wikipedia}} | {{ns:Help}} = [[Category:Wikipedia move-protected project pages|{{PAGENAME}}]] | {{ns:Portal}} = [[Category:Wikipedia move-protected portals|{{PAGENAME}}]] | {{TALKSPACE}} = {{talk other|[[Category:Wikipedia move-protected talk pages|{{PAGENAME}}]]}} | #default = [[Category:Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages|{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|[[Category:Wikipedia pages with incorrect protection templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude>

Template:Colend

2011-08-18T14:25:03Z

LIMSinstitute: 1 revision

#REDIRECT [[Template:div col end]]

Template:Colbegin

2011-08-18T14:25:03Z

LIMSinstitute: 1 revision

#REDIRECT [[Template:div col]]

Template:Cloud computing

2011-08-18T14:25:03Z

LIMSinstitute: 1 revision

{{navbox
| name = Cloud computing
| title = [[Cloud computing]]

| above = 

| group1 = [[Cloud clients|Clients]]
| list1 = [[Web browser|Browsers]]{{·w}} Devices ([[Netbooks]]{{·}} [[Tablet computer|Tablets]]{{·}} [[Smart phone]]s){{·w}} [[Operating system|Operating Systems]] ([[Android (software)|Android]]{{·}} [[IOS_(Apple)|iOS]]{{·}} [[Windows Phone 7]])

| group2 = [[Cloud application|Applications]]
| list2 = [[Google Apps]]{{·w}} [[Microsoft Online Services|Microsoft Online]]{{·w}} [[Salesforce.com|Salesforce]]

| group3 = [[Cloud platform|Platforms]]
| list3 = [[Amazon Web Services|Amazon]]{{·w}} [[Google App Engine|App Engine]]{{·w}} [[Azure Services Platform|Azure]]{{·w}} [[Engine Yard]]{{·w}} [[Force.com]]{{·w}} [[Heroku]]{{·w}} [[RightScale]]

| group4 = [[Cloud infrastructure|Infrastructure]]
| list4 = [[Amazon Web Services|Amazon]]{{·w}} [[Cloud.com]]{{·w}} [[Eucalyptus (computing)|Eucalyptus]]{{·w}} [[GoGrid]]{{·w}} [[IBM SmartCloud (cloud computing)|IBM SmartCloud]]{{·w}} [[Joyent]]{{·w}} [[Nimbus (cloud computing)|Nimbus]]{{·w}} [[OpenStack]]{{·w}} [[Rackspace Cloud]]

| group6 = Technologies
| list6 = [[Computer network|Networking]]{{·w}} [[Cloud computing security|Security]]{{·w}} [[datacenter|Datacenters]]{{·w}} [[Internet]]{{·w}} [[Comparison of structured storage software|Structured storage]]{{·w}} [[Platform_virtualization|Virtualization]]{{·w}} [[Web Services]]{{·w}} [[Virtual appliance|Virtual Appliance]]

}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}
</noinclude>

Cloud computing

2011-08-18T14:15:42Z

LIMSinstitute: Creation of page

{{pp-move-indef}}
[[File:Cloud computing.svg|400px|thumb|Cloud computing logical diagram]]
'''Cloud computing''' is the delivery of [[computing]] as a [[Service_(economics)|service]] rather than a [[Product_(business)|product]], whereby shared resources, software and information are provided to computers and other devices as a [[utility computing|utility]] (like the [[Electrical_grid|electricity grid]]) over a [[Computer_network|network]] (typically the [[Internet]]).

==Overview==
Cloud computing provides computation, software, data access, and storage services that do not require end-user knowledge of the physical location and configuration of the system that delivers the services. Parallels to this concept can be drawn with the [[electricity grid]], wherein end-users consume power without needing to understand the component devices or infrastructure required to provide the service.

The concept of cloud computing fills a perpetual need of IT: a way to increase capacity or add capabilities on the fly without investing in new infrastructure, training new personnel, or licensing new software. Cloud computing encompasses any subscription-based or pay-per-use service that, in real time over the Internet, extends IT's existing capabilities.{{Citation needed|date=August 2011}}

Cloud computing describes a new supplement, consumption, and delivery model for [[Information technology|IT]] services based on Internet protocols, and it typically involves provisioning of dynamically [[scalability|scalable]] and often [[Virtualization|virtualized]] resources<ref name="gartner">{{Cite web|url=http://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=707508 |title=Gartner Says Cloud Computing Will Be As Influential As E-business |publisher=Gartner.com |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref><ref name="really">{{Cite web|url=http://www.infoworld.com/d/cloud-computing/what-cloud-computing-really-means-031|title=What cloud computing really means|last=Gruman|first=Galen|date=2008-04-07|work=[[InfoWorld]]|accessdate=2009-06-02}}</ref> It is a byproduct and consequence of the ease-of-access to remote [[computing]] sites provided by the Internet.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.economist.com/displaystory.cfm?story_id=14637206|title=Cloud Computing: Clash of the clouds|date=2009-10-15|publisher=The Economist|accessdate=2009-11-03}}</ref> This may take the form of web-based tools or applications that users can access and use through a [[web browser]] as if they were programs installed locally on their own computers.<ref name="simple">[http://www.cloudcomputingdefined.com/ Cloud Computing Defined] 17 July 2010. Retrieved 26 July 2010.</ref>

Cloud computing providers deliver [[application software|applications]] via the internet, which are accessed from a [[Web browser]], while the business [[software]] and [[data]] are stored on [[server (computing)|servers]] at a remote location. In some cases, legacy applications (line of business applications that until now have been prevalent in thin client Windows computing) are delivered via a screen-sharing technology, while the computing resources are consolidated at a remote data center location; in other cases, entire business applications have been coded using web-based technologies such as [[AJAX]].

Most cloud computing infrastructures consist of services delivered through shared data-centers and appearing as a single point of access for consumers' computing needs. Commercial offerings may be required to meet [[service level agreements]] (SLAs), but specific terms are less often negotiated by smaller companies.<ref name="ccpaper">{{Cite journal
|first= Rajkumar |last=Buyya|coauthors= Chee Shin Yeo, Srikumar Venugopal| title = Market-Oriented Cloud Computing: Vision, Hype, and Reality for Delivering IT Services as Computing Utilities
| pages = 9| publisher = Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, University of Melbourne, Australia| url = http://www.gridBus.org/~raj/papers/hpcc2008_keynote_cloudcomputing.pdf
| format = PDF| accessdate = 2008-07-31}}</ref>

===Comparisons===

Cloud computing shares characteristics with:

* [[Autonomic computing]] — Computer systems capable of [[Self-management (computer science)|self-management]]."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.datacenterknowledge.com/archives/2008/Mar/25/whats_in_a_name_utility_vs_cloud_vs_grid.html |title=What's In A Name? Utility vs. Cloud vs Grid |publisher=Datacenterknowledge.com |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>
* [[Client–server model]] — ''Client–Server Computing'' refers broadly to any [[distributed application]] that distinguishes between service providers (servers) and service requesters (clients).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://java.sun.com/developer/Books/jdbc/ch07.pdf|publisher=Sun Microsystem|title=Distributed Application Architecture|accessdate=2009-06-16}}</ref>
* [[Grid computing]] — "A form of [[distributed computing]] and [[parallel computing]], whereby a 'super and virtual computer' is composed of a [[Cluster (computing)|cluster]] of networked, [[Loose coupling|loosely coupled]] computers acting in concert to perform very large tasks."
* [[Mainframe computer]] — Powerful computers used mainly by large organizations for critical applications, typically bulk data processing such as [[census]], industry and consumer statistics, [[Enterprise Resource Planning|enterprise resource planning]], and financial [[transaction processing]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com/mainframe-blog/sun-cto-cloud-computing-is-like-the-mainframe/ |title=Sun CTO: Cloud computing is like the mainframe |publisher=Itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com |date=2009-03-11 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>
* [[Utility computing]] — The "packaging of [[Computational resource|computing resources]], such as computation and storage, as a metered service similar to a traditional [[public utility]], such as [[electricity]]."<ref name="It's you've ">{{Cite web|url=http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1496091.1496100&coll=&dl=ACM&CFID=21518680&CFTOKEN=18800807|title=It's probable that you've misunderstood 'Cloud Computing' until now | publisher= TechPluto |accessdate=2010-09-14}}</ref>
* [[Peer-to-peer]] — Distributed architecture without the need for central coordination, with participants being at the same time both suppliers and consumers of resources (in contrast to the traditional client–server model).
* [[Service-oriented programming|Service-oriented computing]] – Cloud computing provides services related to computing while, in a reciprocal manner, service-oriented computing consists of the computing techniques that operate on [[software-as-a-service]].<ref name="Service-oriented Computing and Cloud Computing: Challenges and Opportunities">{{Cite web|url=http://www.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/doi/10.1109/MIC.2010.147|title=Service-Oriented Computing and Cloud Computing: Challenges and Opportunities | publisher= IEEE Internet Computing |accessdate=2010-12-04}}</ref>

===Characteristics===



Cloud computing exhibits the following key characteristics:
* '''[[Agility]]''' improves with users' ability to re-provision technological infrastructure resources.
* '''[[Application Programming Interface]]''' (API) accessibility to software that enables machines to interact with cloud software in the same way the user interface facilitates interaction between humans and computers. Cloud computing systems typically use [[Representational State Transfer|REST]]-based APIs.
* '''[[Cost]]''' is claimed to be reduced and in a public cloud delivery model [[capital expenditure]] is converted to [[operational expenditure]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cloudave.com/link/recession-is-good-for-cloud-computing-microsoft-agrees |title=Recession Is Good For Cloud Computing – Microsoft Agrees |publisher=CloudAve |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref> This is purported to lower [[barriers to entry]], as infrastructure is typically provided by a third-party and does not need to be purchased for one-time or infrequent intensive computing tasks. Pricing on a [[utility computing]] basis is fine-grained with usage-based options and fewer IT skills are required for implementation (in-house).<ref name="idc">{{Cite web|url=http://blogs.idc.com/ie/?p=190 |title=Defining "Cloud Services" and "Cloud Computing" |publisher=IDC |date=2008-09-23 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>
* '''[[Device independence|Device]] and location independence'''<ref name="yarmis">{{Cite web|last=Farber |first=Dan |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-13953_3-9977049-80.html |title=The new geek chic: Data centers |publisher=CNET News |date=2008-06-25 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref> enable users to access systems using a web browser regardless of their location or what device they are using (e.g., PC, mobile phone). As infrastructure is off-site (typically provided by a third-party) and accessed via the Internet, users can connect from anywhere.<ref name="idc" />
* '''[[Multitenancy|Multi-tenancy]]''' enables sharing of resources and costs across a large pool of users thus allowing for:
** '''Centralization''' of infrastructure in locations with lower costs (such as real estate, electricity, etc.)
** '''Peak-load capacity''' increases (users need not engineer for highest possible load-levels)
** '''Utilization and efficiency''' improvements for systems that are often only 10–20% utilized.<ref name="amazon"/>
* '''[[Reliability (computer networking)|Reliability]]''' is improved if multiple redundant sites are used, which makes well-designed cloud computing suitable for [[business continuity]] and [[disaster recovery]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=King |first=Rachael |url=http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/aug2008/tc2008083_619516.htm |title=Cloud Computing: Small Companies Take Flight |publisher=Businessweek |date=2008-08-04 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>
* '''[[Scalability]]''' and Elasticity via dynamic ("on-demand") [[provisioning]] of resources on a fine-grained, self-service basis near real-time, without users having to engineer for peak loads. <ref>{{cite web|title=Defining and Measuring Cloud Elasticity|url=http://digbib.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de/volltexte/1000023476|publisher=KIT Software Quality Departement|accessdate=13 August 2011}}</ref>
* '''[[Computer performance|Performance]]''' is monitored, and consistent and loosely coupled architectures are constructed using [[web services]] as the system interface.<ref name="idc" />
* '''[[Computer security|Security]]''' could improve due to centralization of data, increased security-focused resources, etc., but concerns can persist about loss of control over certain sensitive data, and the lack of security for stored kernels.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cryptoclarity.com/CryptoClarityLLC/Welcome/Entries/2009/7/23_Encrypted_Storage_and_Key_Management_for_the_cloud.html |title=Encrypted Storage and Key Management for the cloud |publisher=Cryptoclarity.com |date=2009-07-30 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref> Security is often as good as or better than under traditional systems, in part because providers are able to devote resources to solving security issues that many customers cannot afford.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mills |first=Elinor |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-1009_3-10150569-83.html |title=Cloud computing security forecast: Clear skies |publisher=CNET News |date=2009-01-27 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref> However, the complexity of security is greatly increased when data is distributed over a wider area or greater number of devices and in multi-tenant systems that are being shared by unrelated users. In addition, user access to security [[audit log]]s may be difficult or impossible. Private cloud installations are in part motivated by users' desire to retain control over the infrastructure and avoid losing control of information security.
* ''' [[Software maintenance|Maintenance]]''' of cloud computing applications is easier, because they do not need to be installed on each user's computer. They are easier to support and to improve, as the changes reach the clients instantly.

===Architecture===
[[File:CloudComputingSampleArchitecture.svg|thumb|325px|right|Cloud computing sample architecture]]

''Cloud architecture'',<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://developer.amazonwebservices.com/connect/entry.jspa?externalID=1632&categoryID=100 |title=Building GrepTheWeb in the Cloud, Part 1: Cloud Architectures |publisher=Developer.amazonwebservices.com |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref> the [[systems architecture]] of the [[software systems]] involved in the delivery of cloud computing, typically involves multiple ''cloud components'' communicating with each other over [[loose coupling]] mechanism such as messaging queue.

==History==
The term "cloud" is used as a [[metaphor]] for the Internet, based on the cloud drawing used in the past to represent the telephone network,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sellsbrothers.com/writing/intro2tapi/default.aspx?content=pstn.htm |title=Writing & Speaking |publisher=Sellsbrothers.com |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref> and later to depict the Internet in [[computer network diagram]]s as an [[abstraction]] of the underlying infrastructure it represents.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thestandard.com/article/0,1902,5466,00.html |title=The Internet Cloud |publisher=Thestandard.com |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>

Cloud computing is a natural evolution of the widespread adoption of [[Hardware virtualization|virtualization]], [[service-oriented architecture]], [[Autonomic Computing|autonomic]], and [[utility computing]]. Details are abstracted from end-users, who no longer have need for expertise in, or control over, the technology infrastructure "in the cloud" that supports them.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Danielson |first=Krissi |url=http://www.ebizq.net/blogs/saasweek/2008/03/distinguishing_cloud_computing/ |title=Distinguishing Cloud Computing from Utility Computing |publisher=Ebizq.net |date=2008-03-26 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>

The underlying concept of cloud computing dates back to the 1960s, when [[John McCarthy (computer scientist)|John McCarthy]] opined that "computation may someday be organized as a [[public utility]]." Almost all the modern-day characteristics of cloud computing (elastic provision, provided as a utility, online, illusion of infinite supply), the comparison to the electricity industry and the use of public, private, government, and community forms, were thoroughly explored in [[Douglas Parkhill]]'s 1966 book, ''The Challenge of the Computer Utility''.

The actual term "cloud" borrows from [[telephony]] in that telecommunications companies, who until the 1990s offered primarily dedicated point-to-point data circuits, began offering [[Virtual Private Network]] (VPN) services with comparable quality of service but at a much lower cost. By switching traffic to balance utilization as they saw fit, they were able to utilize their overall network bandwidth more effectively. The cloud symbol was used to denote the demarcation point between that which was the responsibility of the provider and that which was the responsibility of the user. Cloud computing extends this boundary to cover servers as well as the network infrastructure.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mirror.switch.ch/ftp/doc/ietf/ipatm/atm-minutes-93jul.txt |title=July, 1993 meeting report from the IP over ATM working group of the IETF |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>

After the [[dot-com bubble]], [[Amazon.com|Amazon]] played a key role in the development of cloud computing by modernizing their [[data center]]s, which, like most [[computer networks]], were using as little as 10% of their capacity at any one time, just to leave room for occasional spikes. Having found that the new cloud architecture resulted in significant internal efficiency improvements whereby small, fast-moving "two-pizza teams" could add new features faster and more easily, Amazon initiated a new product development effort to provide cloud computing to external customers, and launched [[Amazon Web Services|Amazon Web Service (AWS)]] on a [[utility computing]] basis in 2006.<ref name="amazon">[http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/06_46/b4009001.htm Jeff Bezos' Risky Bet].</ref><ref name="AWS">[http://itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com/cloud-computing/2010/06/17/amazons-early-efforts-at-cloud-computing-partly-accidental/].</ref>

In early 2008, [[Eucalyptus (computing)|Eucalyptus]] became the first open-source, AWS API-compatible platform for deploying private clouds. In early 2008, [[OpenNebula]], enhanced in the RESERVOIR European Commission-funded project, became the first open-source software for deploying private and hybrid clouds, and for the federation of clouds.<ref>B. Rochwerger, J. Caceres, R.S. Montero, D. Breitgand, E. Elmroth, A. Galis, E. Levy, [[Ignacio M. Llorente|I.M. Llorente]], K. Nagin, Y. Wolfsthal, E. Elmroth, J. Caceres, M. Ben-Yehuda, W. Emmerich, F. Galan. "The RESERVOIR Model and Architecture for Open Federated Cloud Computing", IBM Journal of Research and Development, Vol. 53, No. 4. (2009)</ref> In the same year, efforts were focused on providing QoS guarantees (as required by real-time interactive applications) to cloud-based infrastructures, in the framework of the IRMOS European Commission-funded project.<ref>D. Kyriazis, A. Menychtas, G. Kousiouris, K. Oberle, T. Voith, M. Boniface, E. Oliveros, T. Cucinotta, S. Berger, “A Real-time Service Oriented Infrastructure”, International Conference on Real-Time and Embedded Systems (RTES 2010), Singapore, November 2010</ref> By mid-2008, Gartner saw an opportunity for cloud computing "to shape the relationship among consumers of IT services, those who use IT services and those who sell them"<ref>[http://www.networkworld.com/newsletters/itlead/2008/070708itlead1.html Keep an eye on cloud computing], Amy Schurr, Network World, 2008-07-08, citing the [[Gartner]] report, "Cloud Computing Confusion Leads to Opportunity". Retrieved 2009-09-11.</ref> and observed that "[o]rganisations are switching from company-owned hardware and software assets to per-use service-based models" so that the "projected shift to cloud computing ... will result in dramatic growth in IT products in some areas and significant reductions in other areas."<ref>[http://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=742913 Gartner Says Worldwide IT Spending On Pace to Surpass Trillion in 2008], [[Gartner]], 2008-08-18. Retrieved 2009-09-11.</ref>

==Layers==
Once an Internet Protocol connection is established among several computers, it is possible to share services within any one of the following layers.

[[File:Cloud Computing Stack.svg|right|250px]]

===Client===
{{See also|Category:Cloud clients}}

A ''cloud client'' consists of [[computer hardware]] and/or [[computer software]] that relies on cloud computing for application delivery and that is in essence useless without it. Examples include some [[computers]], phones and other devices, [[operating systems]], and [[Internet browser|browsers]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Claburn |first=Thomas |url=http://www.informationweek.com/news/software/web_services/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=222200331 |title=Google Reveals Nexus One 'Super Phone' |publisher=InformationWeek |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gigaom.com/2008/06/22/what-makes-a-good-cloud-computer/ |title=What Makes a Cloud Computer? |publisher=Gigaom.com |date=2008-06-22 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=by Brian BraikerSeptember 02, 2008 |url=http://www.newsweek.com/id/156911 |title=The Cloud's Chrome Lining |publisher=Newsweek.com |date=2008-09-02 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>

===Application===
{{See also|Category:Cloud applications}}

Cloud application services or "[[Software as a Service]] (SaaS)" deliver [[software]] as a service over the Internet, eliminating the need to install and run the application on the customer's own computers and simplifying maintenance and support.

===Platform===
{{See also|Category:Cloud platforms}}

Cloud platform services, also known as [[Platform as a service|Platform as a Service]] (PaaS), deliver a [[computing platform]] and/or [[solution stack]] as a service, often consuming cloud infrastructure and sustaining cloud applications.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.eccentex.com/platform/workflow.html |title=An example of a 'Cloud Platform' for building applications |publisher=Eccentex.com |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref> It facilitates deployment of applications without the cost and complexity of buying and managing the underlying hardware and software layers.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Jack Schofield |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2008/apr/17/google.software |title=Google angles for business users with 'platform as a service' |publisher=Guardian |date= 2008-04-17|accessdate=2010-08-22 | location=London}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://aws.typepad.com/aws/2008/06/the-forthcoming.html |title=The Emerging Cloud Service Architecture |publisher=Aws.typepad.com |date=2008-06-03 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>

===Infrastructure===
{{See also|Category:Cloud infrastructure}}

Cloud infrastructure services, also known as Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), deliver [[computer]] [[infrastructure]] – typically a [[platform virtualization]] environment – as a service, along with raw (block) storage and networking. Rather than purchasing servers, software, data-center space or network equipment, clients instead buy those resources as a fully outsourced service. Suppliers typically bill such services on a [[utility computing]] basis; the amount of resources consumed (and therefore the cost) will typically reflect the level of activity.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://searchstorage.techtarget.com/news/article/0,289142,sid5_gci1301852,00.html |title=EMC buys Pi and forms a cloud computing group |publisher=Searchstorage.techtarget.com |date=2008-02-21 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>

===Server===
The servers layer consists of [[computer hardware]] and/or [[computer software]] products that are specifically designed for the delivery of cloud services, including multi-core processors, cloud-specific operating systems and combined offerings.<ref name="nimbus">[http://workspace.globus.org/vm/TP2.1/doc/cloud.html Nimbus Cloud Guide]{{Dead link|date=August 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Myslewski |first=Rik |url=http://www.theregister.co.uk/2009/12/02/intel_scc/ |title=Intel puts cloud on single megachip |publisher=Theregister.co.uk |date=2009-12-02 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Duffy |first=Jim |url=http://www.infoworld.com/d/cloud-computing/cisco-unveils-cloud-computing-platform-service-providers-113 |title=Cisco unveils cloud computing platform for service providers |publisher=Infoworld.com |date=2009-05-12 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref><ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/28/technology/28soft.html Microsoft Plans 'Cloud' Operating System]</ref>

==Deployment models==

[[File:Cloud computing types.svg|thumb|395px|right|Cloud computing types]]

===Public cloud===
Public cloud describes cloud computing in the traditional mainstream sense, whereby resources are dynamically provisioned to the general public on a fine-grained, self-service basis over the Internet, via [[web application]]s/[[web service]]s, from an off-site third-party provider who bills on a fine-grained [[utility computing]] basis.<ref name="idc"/>

===Community cloud===
Community cloud shares infrastructure between several organisations from a specific community with common concerns (security, compliance, jurisdiction, etc.), whether managed internally or by a third-party and hosted internally or externally. The costs are spread over fewer users than a public cloud (but more than a private cloud), so only some of the benefits of cloud computing are realised.<ref name=nist />

===Hybrid cloud ===
Hybrid cloud is a composition of two or more clouds (private, community, or public) that remain unique entities but are bound together, offering the benefits of multiple deployment models.<ref name=nist>{{cite web|title=The NIST Definition of Cloud Computing (Draft)|url=http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/drafts/800-145/Draft-SP-800-145_cloud-definition.pdf|publisher=National Institute of Science and Technology|accessdate=24 July 2011}}</ref>

===Private cloud===
Private cloud is infrastructure operated solely for a single organisation, whether managed internally or by a third-party and hosted internally or externally.<ref name=nist />

They have attracted criticism because users "still have to buy, build, and manage them" and thus do not benefit from lower up-front capital costs and less hands-on management,<ref name="iwpc">{{Cite web|last=Foley |first=John |url=http://www.informationweek.com/news/services/business/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=209904474 |title=Private Clouds Take Shape |publisher=InformationWeek |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}
</ref>
essentially "[lacking] the economic model that makes cloud computing such an intriguing concept".<ref>
{{Cite web|last=Haff |first=Gordon |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-13556_3-10150841-61.html |title=Just don't call them private clouds |publisher=CNET News |date=2009-01-27 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.informationweek.com/cloud-computing/blog/archives/2009/01/theres_no_such.html |title=There's No Such Thing As A Private Cloud |publisher=InformationWeek |date=2010-06-30 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>

==The Intercloud==
{{Main|Intercloud}}
The [[Intercloud]]<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2009-05-24|title= Blueprint for the Intercloud – Protocols and Formats for Cloud Computing Interoperability|publisher=IEEE Computer Society|pages=328–336|url=http://www2.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/doi/10.1109/ICIW.2009.55|doi=10.1109/ICIW.2009.55|last1=Bernstein|first1=David|last2=Ludvigson|first2=Erik|last3=Sankar|first3=Krishna|last4=Diamond|first4=Steve|last5=Morrow|first5=Monique}}</ref> is an interconnected global "cloud of clouds"<ref name="kk">{{Cite web|url=http://www.kk.org/thetechnium/archives/2007/11/a_cloudbook_for.php |title=Kevin Kelly: A Cloudbook for the Cloud |publisher=Kk.org |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://samj.net/2009/06/intercloud-is-global-cloud-of-clouds.html |title=Intercloud is a global cloud of clouds |publisher=Samj.net |date=2009-06-22 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref> and an extension of the [[Internet]] "network of networks" on which it is based.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.readwriteweb.com/archives/vint_cerf_despite_its_age_the.php?mtcCampaign=2765 |title=Vint Cerf: Despite Its Age, The Internet is Still Filled with Problems |publisher=Readwriteweb.com |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://blogs.cisco.com/sp/comments/from_india_to_intercloud/ |title=SP360: Service Provider: From India to Intercloud |publisher=Blogs.cisco.com |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Canada |url=http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/LAC.20071129.TWLINKS29/TPStory/Business |title=Head in the clouds? Welcome to the future |publisher=Theglobeandmail.com |date= 2007-11-29|accessdate=2010-08-22 |location=Toronto}}</ref>

==Issues==
=== Privacy ===
The cloud model has been criticized by privacy advocates for the greater ease in which the companies hosting the cloud services control, and, thus, can monitor at will, lawfully or unlawfully, the communication and data stored between the user and the host company. Instances such as the [[Room 641A|secret NSA program]], working with [[AT&T]], and [[Verizon]], which recorded over 10 million phone calls between American citizens, causes uncertainty among privacy advocates, and the greater powers it gives to telecommunication companies to monitor user activity.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Cauley |first=Leslie |url=http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2006-05-10-nsa_x.htm |title=NSA has massive database of Americans' phone calls |publisher=USATODAY.com |date=2006-05-11 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>
While there have been efforts (such as [[US-EU Safe Harbor]]) to "harmonize" the legal environment, providers such as [[Amazon Web Services|Amazon]] still cater to major markets (typically the United States and the [[European Union]]) by deploying local infrastructure and allowing customers to select "availability zones."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://developer.amazonwebservices.com/connect/entry.jspa?externalID=1347&categoryID=112 |title=Feature Guide: Amazon EC2 Availability Zones |publisher=Amazon Web Services |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>

===Compliance===
In order to obtain compliance with regulations including [[FISMA]], [[HIPAA]], and [[Sarbox|SOX]] in the United States, the [[Data Protection Directive]] in the [[European Union|EU]] and the credit card industry's [[Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard|PCI DSS]], users may have to adopt ''community'' or ''hybrid'' deployment modes that are typically more expensive and may offer restricted benefits. This is how [[Google]] is able to "manage and meet additional government policy requirements beyond FISMA"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://searchcompliance.techtarget.com/news/article/0,289142,sid195_gci1377298,00.html |title=FISMA compliance for federal cloud computing on the horizon in 2010 |publisher=SearchCompliance.com |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://googleenterprise.blogspot.com/2009/09/google-apps-and-government.html |title=Google Apps and Government |publisher=Official Google Enterprise Blog |date=2009-09-15 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref> and [[Rackspace Cloud]] are able to claim [[Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard|PCI compliance]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rackspace.com/cloud/blog/2009/03/05/cloud-hosting-is-secure-for-take-off-mosso-enables-the-spreadsheet-store-an-online-merchant-to-become-pci-compliant/ |title=Cloud Hosting is Secure for Take-off: Mosso Enables The Spreadsheet Store, an Online Merchant, to become PCI Compliant |publisher=Rackspace |date=2009-03-14 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>

Many providers also obtain [[Statement on Auditing Standards No. 70: Service Organizations|SAS 70 Type II]] certification, but this has been criticised on the grounds that the hand-picked set of goals and standards determined by the auditor and the auditee are often not disclosed and can vary widely.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://searchcloudcomputing.techtarget.com/news/article/0,289142,sid201_gci1374629,00.html |title=Amazon gets SAS 70 Type II audit stamp, but analysts not satisfied |publisher=SearchCloudComputing.com |date=2009-11-17 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref> Providers typically make this information available on request, under [[non-disclosure agreement]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://wistechnology.com/articles/6954/ |title=Assessing Cloud Computing Agreements and Controls |publisher=WTN News |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>

Customers in the EU contracting with cloud providers established outside the EU/EEA have to adhere to the EU regulations on export of personal data.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thomashelbing.com/en/how-new-eu-rules-data-export-affect-companies-and-outside-eu |title=How the New EU Rules on Data Export Affect Companies in and Outside the EU | Dr. Thomas Helbing – Kanzlei für Datenschutz-, Online- und IT-Recht |publisher=Dr. Thomas Helbing |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>

===Performance===
With the American average download speed at 4MiB/S cloud computing relies on a high speed infrastructure that does not exist. This makes cloud computing impractical in many environments, in fact many local networks would struggle to serve multiple cloud instances. Depending on the setup cloud computing can require very fast internet, less CPU intensive setups (for the client) simply stream video over the internet or a LAN.{{Citation needed|date=July 2011}}

===Criticism===
Some have come to criticize the term as being either too unspecific or even misleading. CEO [[Larry Ellison]] of [[Oracle Corporation]] asserts that cloud computing is "everything that we already do", claiming that the company could simply "change the wording on some of our ads" to deploy their cloud-based services.<ref name="ellisonhell">{{Cite web|author=“” |url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0FacYAI6DY0 |title=Larry Ellison – What The Hell Is Cloud Computing? |publisher=YouTube |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref><ref name="ellisonnail">{{Cite web|last=Farber |first=Dan |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-13953_3-10052188-80.html |title=Oracle's Ellison nails cloud computing |publisher=CNET News |date=2008-09-26 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.computerworld.com.au/article/335674/oracle_launches_worldwide_cloud-computing_tour/ |title=Oracle launches worldwide cloud-computing tour |publisher=Computerworld |date=2010-02-10 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=By James Rogers |url=http://www.thestreet.com/story/10649557/1/oracles-ellison-issues-cloud-challenge.html |title=Oracle's Ellison Issues Cloud Challenge |publisher=Thestreet.com |date=2009-12-18 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://searchcloudcomputing.techtarget.com/news/article/0,289142,sid201_gci1384202,00.html |title=Oracle desperately seeking cloud cred |publisher=Searchcloudcomputing.techtarget.com |date=2010-02-16 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref> [[Forrester Research]] VP Frank Gillett questions the very nature of and motivation behind the push for cloud computing, describing what he calls "cloud washing"—companies simply relabeling their products as "cloud computing", resulting in mere marketing innovation instead of "real" innovation.<ref>{{Cite web|author=“” |url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f7wv1i8ubng |title=Cloud Computing is Hyped and Overblown |publisher=Youtube.com |date=2008-09-29 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.beet.tv/2008/09/cloud-computing.html |title=Cloud Computing is Hyped and Overblown, Forrester's Frank Gillett Big Tech Companies Have "Cloud Envy" |publisher=Beet.tv |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>

[[GNU]]'s [[Richard Stallman]] insists that the industry will only use the model to deliver services at ever increasing rates over proprietary systems, otherwise likening it to a "marketing hype campaign".<ref name="Stallman">[http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2008/sep/29/cloud.computing.richard.stallman ''Cloud computing is a trap, warns GNU founder Richard Stallman''], ''[[The Guardian]]'', par Bobbie Johnson, 29 septembre 2008</ref>

===Legal===
In March 2007, [[Dell]] applied to [[trademark]] the term "cloud computing" ({{US trademark|77139082}}) in the United States. The "Notice of Allowance" the company received in July 2008 was canceled in August, resulting in a formal rejection of the trademark application less than a week later. Since 2007, the number of trademark filings covering cloud computing brands, goods, and services has increased rapidly. As companies sought to better position themselves for cloud computing branding and marketing efforts, cloud computing trademark filings increased by 483% between 2008 and 2009. In 2009, 116 cloud computing trademarks were filed, and trademark analysts predict that over 500 such marks could be filed during 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://insidetrademarks.com/2010/03/24/cloud-computing-trademark-trends/ |title=Inside Trademarks March 24, 2010 |publisher=Insidetrademarks.com |date=2010-03-24 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>

Other legal cases may shape the use of cloud computing by the public sector. On October 29, 2010, Google filed a lawsuit against the U.S. Department of Interior, which opened up a bid for software that required that bidders use Microsoft's Business Productivity Online Suite. Google sued, calling the requirement "unduly restrictive of competition."<ref>[http://www.scribd.com/doc/40513712/Google-v-US-Complaint Google, Inc. vs. the United States]</ref> Scholars have pointed out that, beginning in 2005, the prevalence of [[open standards]] and [[open source]] may have an impact on the way that public entities choose to select vendors.<ref>[http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1656616 Casson and Ryan, Open Standards, Open Source Adoption in the Public Sector, and Their Relationship to Microsoft’s Market Dominance]</ref>

There are also concerns about a cloud provider shutting down for financial or legal reasons, which has happened in a number of cases.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Scheier |first=Robert L. |url=http://www.infoworld.com/d/cloud-computing/what-do-if-your-cloud-provider-disappears-508 |title=What to do if your cloud provider disappears | Cloud Computing |publisher=InfoWorld |date=2009-04-20 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>

===Open source===
{{See also|Category:Open source cloud computing}}

[[Open source software]] has provided the foundation for many cloud computing implementations, one prominent example being the [[Apache Hadoop|Hadoop framework]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.networkworld.com/news/2008/072808-open-source-cloud-computing.html |title=Open source fuels growth of cloud computing, software-as-a-service |publisher=Network World |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref> In November 2007, the [[Free Software Foundation]] released the [[Affero General Public License]], a version of [[GNU General Public License|GPLv3]] intended to close a perceived [[Legal technicality|legal loophole]] associated with [[free software]] designed to be run over a network.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://redmonk.com/sogrady/2009/04/15/open-source-licensing-in-a-networked-age/ |title=AGPL: Open Source Licensing in a Networked Age |publisher=Redmonk.com |date=2009-04-15 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>

===Open standards===
{{See also|Category:Cloud standards}}
Most cloud providers expose [[Application programming interface|APIs]] that are typically well-documented (often under a [[Creative Commons]] license<ref>[http://www.gogrid.com/company/press-releases/gogrid-moves-api-specification-to-creativecommons.php GoGrid Moves API Specification to Creative Commons]{{Dead link|date=August 2010}}</ref>) but also unique to their implementation and thus not interoperable. Some vendors have adopted others' APIs and there are a number of open standards under development, with a view to delivering interoperability and portability.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ostatic.com/blog/eucalyptus-completes-amazon-web-services-specs-with-latest-release |title=Eucalyptus Completes Amazon Web Services Specs with Latest Release |publisher=Ostatic.com |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>

===Security===
{{Cleanup|section|date=July 2011}}
{{Main|Cloud computing security}}

As cloud computing is achieving increased popularity, concerns are being voiced about the security issues introduced through the adoption of this new model. The effectiveness and efficiency of traditional protection mechanisms are being reconsidered as the characteristics of this innovative deployment model differ widely from those of traditional architectures.<ref name="Zissis 10">{{cite journal|last=Zissis|first=Dimitrios|coauthors=Lekkas|title=Addressing cloud computing security issues|journal=Future Generation Computer Systems|year=2010|doi=10.1016/j.future.2010.12.006|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X10002554}}</ref>

The relative security of cloud computing services is a contentious issue that may be delaying its adoption.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.networkworld.com/news/2009/042709-burning-security-cloud-computing.html |title=Are security issues delaying adoption of cloud computing? |publisher=Network World |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref> Issues barring the adoption of cloud computing are due in large part to the private and public sectors unease surrounding the external management of security based services. It is the very nature of cloud computing based services, private or public, that promote external management of provided services. This delivers great incentive among cloud computing service providers in producing a priority in building and maintaining strong management of secure services.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.networkworld.com/news/2010/022210-virtualization-cloud-security-debate.html |title=Security of virtualization, cloud computing divides IT and security pros |publisher=Network World |date=2010-02-22 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref> Security issues have been categorized into sensitive data access, data segregation, privacy, bug exploitation, recovery, accountability, malicious insiders, management console security, account control, and multi-tenancy issues. Solution to various cloud security issues vary through cryptography, particularly public key infrastructure (PKI), use of multiple cloud providers, standardization of APIs, improving virtual machine support and legal support.<ref name="Zissis 10" /><ref>{{cite journal|last=Armbrust|first=M|coauthors=Fox, A., Griffith, R., Joseph, A., Katz, R., Konwinski, A., Lee, G., Patterson, D., Rabkin, A., Zaharia,|title=A view of cloud computing.|journal=Communication of the ACM|year=2010|volume=53|issue=4|pages=50–58|doi=10.1145/1721654.1721672}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Anthens|first=G|title=Security in the cloud|journal=Communications of the ACM|volume=53|issue=11|doi=10.1145/1839676.1839683}}</ref>

===Sustainability===
Although cloud computing is often assumed to be a form of "[[green computing]]", there is as of yet no published study to substantiate this assumption.<ref>{{Cite news
| author = James Urquhart
| title = Cloud computing's green paradox
| quote = ...there is some significant evidence that the cloud is encouraging more compute consumption
| publisher = CNET News
| date = January 7, 2010
| pages =
| url = http://news.cnet.com/8301-19413_3-10428065-240.html
| accessdate = March 12, 2010
}}</ref> Siting the servers affects the environmental effects of cloud computing. In areas where climate favors natural cooling and renewable electricity is readily available, the environmental effects will be more moderate. Thus countries with favorable conditions, such as Finland,<ref>[http://www.fincloud.freehostingcloud.com/ Finland – First Choice for Siting Your Cloud Computing Data Center.]. Retrieved 4 August 2010.</ref> Sweden and Switzerland,<ref>[http://www.greenbiz.com/news/2010/06/30/swiss-carbon-neutral-servers-hit-cloud Swiss Carbon-Neutral Servers Hit the Cloud.]. Retrieved 4 August 2010.</ref> are trying to attract cloud computing data centers.

===Abuse===
As with privately purchased hardware, crackers posing as legitimate customers can purchase the services of cloud computing for nefarious purposes. This includes password cracking and as a means of launching attacks.<ref>http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-05-13/sony-network-said-to-have-been-invaded-by-hackers-using-amazon-com-server.html</ref> In 2009, a banking [[Trojan horse (computing)|trojan]] illegally used the popular Amazon service as a command and control channel that issued software updates and malicious instructions to PCs that were infected by the malware.<ref>http://www.theregister.co.uk/2011/05/14/playstation_network_attack_from_amazon/</ref>

===Cloud Computing Contracts===
Most transitions to a cloud computing solution entail a change from a technically managed solution to a contractually managed solution. This change necessitates increased IT contract negotiation skills to establish the terms of the relationship and vendor management skills to maintain the relationship. All rights and responsibilities that are associated with the relationship between a client and a cloud computing services provider must be codified in the contract and effectively managed until the relationship has been terminated. Key risks and issues that are either unique to cloud computing or essential to its effective adoption typically involve service level agreements; data processing and access; provider infrastructure and security; and contract and vendor management.<ref>http://www.educause.edu/EDUCAUSE+Quarterly/EDUCAUSEQuarterlyMagazineVolum/IfItsintheCloudGetItonPaperClo/206532</ref>

==Research==
Many universities, vendors and government organizations are investing in research around the topic of cloud computing:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cloudbook.net/directories/research-clouds |title=Cloud Net Directory. Retrieved 2010-03-01 |publisher=Cloudbook.net |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref><ref>[http://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=114686 nsf.gov – National Science Foundation (NSF) News – National Science Foundation Awards Millions to Fourteen Universities for Cloud Computing Research – US National Science Foun...]</ref>

* In October 2007 the Academic Cloud Computing Initiative (ACCI) was announced as a multi-university project designed to enhance students' technical knowledge to address the challenges of cloud computing.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.datacenterknowledge.com/archives/2008/05/02/ibm-google-team-on-an-enterprise-cloud/ |title="IBM, Google Team on an Enterprise Cloud." May 2008. Rich Miller Retrieved 2010-04-01 |publisher=DataCenterKnowledge.com |date=2008-05-02 |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref>

* On March 23, 2011, a nonprofit organization called [[Open Networking Foundation]] was founded, focused on providing support for a new cloud initiative called Software-Defined Networking.<ref>[http://www.openflow.org/wp/2011/03/open-networking-foundation-formed-to-speed-network-innovation/ Open Networking Foundation News Release. March 21, 2011.]</ref>

==See also==
{{colbegin|2}}
*[[Cloud storage]]
*[[Data center]]
*[[Green computing]]
*[[Intercloud]]
*[[Utility computing]]
*[[Web operating system]]
{{colend}}

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

{{Commons category|Cloud computing}}
{{Cloud computing}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cloud Computing}}
[[Category:Cloud computing| ]]